William Wilson Cooke
William Wilson Cooke | |
|---|---|
| Born |
27 Disemba 1871 Greenville, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | 25 Ọgọstụ 1949 (aged 77) Gary, Indiana, U.S. |
| Burial place | Fern Oak Cemetery, Griffith, Indiana, U.S. |
| Other names | William Wilson Cook, W. W. Cooke |
| Education | Boston School of Technology, Columbia University |
| Alma mater | Claflin College |
| Occupation | Architect, school administrator |
| Spouse(s) | Anne Miller |
| Children | 2, including Anne Cooke |
| Parent(s) |
|
| Relatives | Thomas Ezekiel Miller (father in-law), Ira De Augustine Reid (son in-law) |
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 27 Disemba 1872 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Greenville |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 25 Ọgọọst 1949 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Gary |
| Ebe olili | Fern Oaks Cemetery |
| nwa | Anne Margaret Cooke, Lloyd Miller Cooke |
| Ikwu | Thomas E. Miller |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
| kọwara na URL | https://www.gsa.gov/blog/2021/02/24/pioneering-black-architect-william-wilson-cooke, https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/10/18/son-former-slave-became-groundbreaking-architect-this-crumbling-building-is-about-come-down/, http://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/cook-william-wilson// |
William Wilson Cooke (1871-1949) bụ onye omenkà America. [1] [2] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Office of the Supervising Architect nke United States Department of Treasury na ọ bụ onye mbụ Africa America na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ. [3] [4] [5] Cooke bụ onye mbụ Afrịka America nwetara akwụkwọ ikike nrụpụta ihe na steeti Indiana na 1929. [6] Ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ maka Claflin College, Cookman Institute, na United States Postal Service . Ná mmalite ọrụ ya ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ.
Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A mụrụ William Wilson Cooke na Disemba 27, 1871 na Greenville, South Carolina . [5] Nne na nna ya bụ Magdalena Walker na Wilson Cooke, onye bụbu ohu, onye ahịa na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo. [5] [7] O nwere ụmụnne anọ, ha niile gara Claflin College. [6] Nna nna ya bụ Vardry McBee, onye ọchụnta ego nwere mmetụta, onye njide ohu ọcha, na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma nke Greenville. [6] Cooke gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Greenville ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, wee jee ozi dị ka onye ọrụ ọkwá nkà site na 1885 ruo 1888. [5]
Cooke gara Claflin College (nke bụ Mahadum Claflin ugbu a) na Orangeburg site na 1888 ruo 1893, ebe ọ gụrụ eserese ụkpụrụ ụlọ wee gụchaa diplọma nkwado kọleji na nka na-emesapụ aka. [5] Na 1900, ọ gara klas Boston School of Technology (ugbu a Massachusetts Institute of Technology) na klaasị ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Mahadum Columbia . [5] Ọ laghachiri na Claflin College iji nweta akara ugo mmụta BS na teknụzụ na 1902. [8]
Ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Site na 1894 ruo 1897, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye nlekọta nke nka ụlọ ọrụ na Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth (ugbu a Mahadum Savannah State). [5] Ọ laghachiri na Claflin College iji jee ozi dị ka onye nlekọta nke ọzụzụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka na nkà mmepụta ihe, dochie Robert Charles Bates. Ọ gụkwara klaasị iji nweta BS na teknụzụ.
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Cooke bụ ndị Freedmen's Aid Society na Women's Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church were ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ site na 1902 na 1907. [5]
Na Maachị 1907, o mere ule ọrụ gọọmentị etiti ụbọchị atọ na Boston, Massachusetts, n'ihi na a naghị enye ndị Africa-America na Washington, DC ule nnabata ebe ọrụ achọrọ n'oge ahụ. [5] Ọ gafere ule ndị ahụ ma were ya n'ọfịs na-ahụ maka nlekọta na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ nke United States Department of Treasury. [6] Nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ nwoke mbụ Africa nke America nwetara ọrụ na ngalaba ahụ. [5] Na 1909, ọ zigara ngalaba na Field Operations, ebe ọ ga-ahụ maka owuwu nke ụlọ ikpe gọọmenti etiti na post ọfịs. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na Office of the Supervising Architect ruo 1918, mgbe ọ gbanwere ọrụ. [5] Ọ gara na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke nduzi na ọzụzụ aka ọrụ na Wilberforce University, ebe ọ nọrọ ruo 1921. [5]
Site na 1921 ruo 1929, Cooke nwere omume ihe owuwu nkeonwe na 1828 Broadway, Gary, Indiana. [6] Ọ bụkwa onye isi otu Gary Building and Loan Association. [6] Cooke bụ onye mbụ Afrịka America nwetara akwụkwọ ikike onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na steeti Indiana na Ọktoba 25, 1929. [6] Mgbe Mkpọka nke Wall Street nke 1929 gasịrị, ọ tụfuru ụlọ ọrụ ya ma nweta nnukwu ụgwọ, nke o mechara nwee ike ịkwụghachi ya. [6]
Na 1931, Cooke sonyeghachiri na Office of the Supervising Architect na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ewu ihe owuwu; ọ haziri ụlọ ọrụ nzi ozi n’obere obodo na steeti ole na ole. [6] N'afọ 1920 na 1930, Cooke gbara otu nzukọ na-emegide Ku Klux Klan, yana mgbochi "Bow Tie Amalgamation" (otu ndị Black-edu ndú bụ KKK-mmekọrịta) na Gary, n'ihi na otu abụọ a na-arụsi ọrụ ike. na mpaghara. [6] Ọ lara ezumike nká na gọọmenti etiti na 1942. [6]
Ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọ lụrụ Anne Miller, ha mụtakwara ụmụ abụọ, Anne Cooke Reid na Lloyd Miller Cooke. [6] [9] Nna nwunye ya Anne Miller bụ Thomas Ezikiel Miller, onye otu ụlọ omebe iwu US sitere na mpaghara 7th South Carolina . [5] ọgọ ya nwoke bụ ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze Ira De Augustine Reid, Otú ọ dị Cooke nwụrụ tupu alụmdi na nwunye.
Na ngwụcha ndụ ya, Cooke biri na 2319 Adams Street, Gary, Indiana. [6]
Na-arụ ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndepụta nke ọrụ nhazi ụlọ Cookes, nke arụrụ arụ gbajiri ma depụta ya n'usoro ụbọchị ịrịgo.
Ụlọ akwụkwọ Claflin[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
William A. Stewart na 4th na E Streets, NE, na Capitol Hill, nke ka na-eguzo. Ọ rụrụ otu ụlọ iri na Grant Street na Florida Avenue, NW. Ụlọ nkuku ụlọ elu dị n'ime otu a ka e wuru maka Garrett Wormley, ọgọ ya nwoke, ma nweta otuto site na Washington Bee . [5]
- ↑ Powers, Jr. (2020-10-12). 101 African Americans Who Shaped South Carolina (in en). Univ of South Carolina Press, 75–76. ISBN 978-1-64336-141-3.
- ↑ (Summer 2011) "Building a Community: The Architecture of William Wilson Cooke". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History 23 (3).
- ↑ Cleemann. Pioneering Black Architect William Wilson Cooke (en-us). U.S. General Services Administration (GSA). Retrieved on 2023-02-26.
- ↑ Sisson (2017-10-18). A forgotten African-American architect in Gary, Indiana, illustrates a preservation gap (en). Curbed. Retrieved on 2023-02-26.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 Bainbridge (April 15, 2016). Cook, William Wilson (en-US). South Carolina Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2023-02-26. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 (2004) "William Wilson Cooke", in Wilson: African American Architects, 1865–1945. New York: Routledge, 148–151. ISBN 978-1-1359-5629-5. “His father, Wilson Cooke (1819–1897), was the slave son of Vardry McBee” Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "The son of a former slave became a groundbreaking architect. This crumbling building is about to come down.", Washington Post. Retrieved on 2023-02-27. (in en-US)
- ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:1 - ↑ Spangenburg (2014-05-14). "Lloyd Miller Cooke", African Americans in Science, Math, and Invention (in en). Infobase Publishing, 47–48. ISBN 978-1-4381-0774-5.