Ịda ogbenye na Ukraine
| mba/obodo | Yukrain  |
|---|
Ịda ogbenye na Ukraine gbasasịrị mgbe mgbasa nke Soviet Union gasịrị wee daa nke ukwuu, tupu ọ daa n'ala na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'afọ 2003, atụmanya owuwe ihe ubi na-adịghị mma, butere ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa nri bụ isi na-amali elu n'oge opupu ihe ubi. Mmeghachi omume mbụ nke gọọmentị bụ ịchịkwa ọnụ ahịa site na igbochi uru ndị na-emepụta ihe na nrịbama ụlọ ahịa. N'ebe ụfọdụ, gọọmentị etinyere aka ozugbo site na ịnyefe ego nye ndị otu adịghị ike. [1]
Site na 2008 ruo 2013, ọkwa ịda ogbenye na Ukraine mụbara ma ọ bụ belata ntakịrị. Ọnụ ahịa kacha elu bụ 25.8% na 2011. Ịda ogbenye mụbara nke ukwuu mgbe e jikọtara Crimea na mmalite nke agha Donbas . Na 2014, ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye bụ 28.6%, na n'afọ na-esote ọ gbagoro okpukpu abụọ ruo 58.3%. Na 2016, ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye ruru 58.6%. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị elu na 2015-2016, ọ malitere ibelata: 2017 - 47.3%, 2018 - 43.2%; 2019 - 37.8%. [2] Na 2018, 1.3% nke ndị bi na ya dara ogbenye nke ukwuu, akọwapụtara dị ka ibi na-erughị $5 kwa ụbọchị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mmadụ nwere ike gboo mkpa ndị bụ isi. Agbanyeghị, ha enweghị ego ọzọ. Ndị ọgaranya na-eme ihe dịka 5%. [3]
Mmetụta COVID-19[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
MV Ptukha Institute of Demography and Social Research nke National Academy of Sciences ("Institute") bipụtara ọmụmụ banyere mmetụta COVID-19 na ịda ogbenye. Dabere na nsonaazụ ya, na njedebe nke 2020, 45% nke ndị bi na Ukraine dabara n'ụdị dara ogbenye. Ọmụmụ ahụ kwuru na nke a bụ pasentị 6.5 dị elu karịa na 2019. Ọmụmụ ihe tupu COVID-19 buru amụma na ọnụego ịda ogbenye na 2020 ga-abụ 31.2%. Nnyocha ahụ kwuru na mmụba n'ezie na ịda ogbenye bụ pasent 13.8. [4]
Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ buru amụma na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ndị Ukraine ga-ada ogbenye na 2020-2021. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ kọwara ịda ogbenye dị ka ego n'okpuru ọkwa kacha nta, nke dịgasị n'etiti nkezi nke ₴ 3,237 na ₴ 3,636 ($ 115-130) maka onye ọ bụla na 2019. "Ọkwa nri kacha nta" dị elu karịa nkezi akọwapụtara n'ụzọ iwu nke ₴ 2,118 ($ 75), dịka e guzobere na June. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ rụtụrụ aka na ọrịa na-efe efe dị ka ọ na-atụgharị ọnọdụ na nso nso a nke ịda ogbenye kwụsiri ike ma ọ bụ ibelata.
Dị ka ọmụmụ si kwuo, 60% nke ndị zara ajụjụ kwuru na ha nwere mfu ego - 38% nwere mbelata nke ego ha na-enweta mgbe niile, 16% furu efu kpamkpam na 14% tụfuru ọrụ ha. Nsonaazụ gosipụtara nchọpụta May nke Ministry of Social Policy, nke mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye abawanyela na 45% na 2020. [5]
2022 mbuso agha Russia wakporo Ukraine[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mmalite nke mbuso agha Russia nke 2022 nke Ukraine kpalitere nnukwu nsogbu ndị mmadụ na Ukraine: dị ka United Nations Development Programme si kwuo, esemokwu ogologo oge ga-eme ka 30% nke ndị bi na Ukraine daa n'okpuru ịda ogbenye, ebe 62% ọzọ ga- nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịda ogbenye n'ime otu afọ. [6] International Monetary Fund buru amụma na nnukwu ngwaahịa ụlọ nke Ukraine (GDP) ga-enwe mbelata site na opekempe 10% ruo na kacha nke 35%; [7] European Bank for Reconstruction and Development buru amụma na mbuso agha a ga-ebute mbelata 20% nke GDP Ukraine. [8]
Ụbịam nwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Dị ka ọ dị n'ezinụlọ n'ebe nile, ndị nwere ụmụaka na-ata ahụhụ nke ukwuu n'ihi ịda ogbenye. A na-amụkarị ụmụaka site n'aka nne na nna na-eto eto nwere obere ego. Dị ka United Nations Children Fund si kwuo, uru ịmụ nwa na Ukraine belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye n'etiti ndị na-erite uru site na 66.4% ruo 59.9%. Emezigharịghị ugwo a na-akwụ kwa ọnwa kemgbe afọ 2014, ma bụrụ ọkara nke ọkwa nri akwadoro nke gọọmentị kwadoro. [9]
Nkesa mpaghara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-eme nyocha nke ịda ogbenye site na iji data nyocha ezinụlọ maka 2001 nyere site na State Statistics Service nke Ukraine . Na 2001 32.7% nke ndị bi na-ebi ihe na-erughị ₴150 kwa ọnwa kwa onye ọ bụla. N'afọ 2002, ọnụ ọgụgụ a gbadara ruo 26%, na-eburu n'uche mmalite nke Index Price Index na 2002. [1]
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Institute for economic research and policy consulting in Ukraine. German advisory group on economic reform
- ↑ Як змінювався рівень бідності в Україні останні 20 років (uk). Слово і Діло. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.
- ↑ "Не дурні, але бідні - рівень розвитку українців", BBC News Ukrainian, 12 December 2019. (in uk)
- ↑ Cherenko L.M., Polyakova S.V., Shishkin V.S., Reut A.G., Vasiliev O.A., Kogatko Y.L., Zayats V.S., Klimenko Y.A., Novosilska T.V. (2020). The impact of the coronavirus crisis on poverty: first consequences for Ukraine. Kyiv.
- ↑ Sossov (2020-09-18). 45% of Ukrainians will fall below actual poverty level in 2020: study. Kyiv Post.
- ↑ UN: 90 Percent Of Ukrainians Could Slip Into Poverty If War Drags On (en). RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (16 March 2022).
- ↑ Shalal. "Ukraine economy to contract sharply in 2022 due to war, IMF report says", Reuters, 2022-03-14. (in en)
- ↑ Porter (31 March 2022). EBRD sees war on Ukraine causing major growth slowdown (en). European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
- ↑ Poverty and equal opportunities (en). United Nations Children's Fund (16 October 2020).