Ụkpụrụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ

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   Dabere na ụkpụrụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ, mkpụrụedemede na njikọta nke mkpụrụedemede bụ akara eji na-anọchite anya ụda okwu nke asụsụ dabere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mkpụrụedemede, akara, na okwu a na-ekwu. Ụkpụrụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ bụ ntọala nke usoro edemede ọ bụla (dị ka ụdị Bekee dị iche iche nke Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latịn otu n'ime ụdị edemede a na-ejikarị eme ihe taa). N'ọhịa agụmakwụkwọ, a maara ya dị ka <i id="mwEQ">koodu mkpụrụ akwụkwọ</i>.[1][2][3][4]

Usoro ederede mkpụrụedemede nke na-eji (na ụkpụrụ) ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ orthography phonemic zuru oke nwere otu mkpụrụedemede (ma ọ bụ digraph ma ọ bụ, mgbe ụfọdụ, trigraph) maka foneme ọ bụla na nkwekọrịta otu n'etiti ụda na mkpụrụedemede ndị na-anọchite anya ha, ọ bụ ezie na anaghị egosi mgbanwe allophonic a na-ahụkarị. A na-eji usoro ndị dị otú ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'asụsụ Serbo-Croatian nke oge a (ma eleghị anya, ihe atụ nke orthography zuru oke), Macedonian, Estonian, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Georgian, Hungarian, Turkish, na Esperanto. Ọnọdụ kachasị mma nwere usoro mkpụrụedemede doro anya, na-enyere onye edemede aka ịkọ ọdịdị nke okwu nyere aha ya ma na-enyere ya aka ịkọ ọdịnihu nke okwu nyere ya. Asụsụ oge ochie nwere usoro ederede dị otú ahụ gụnyere Avestic, Latịn Vedic, na Sanskrit (Devanāgarī - abugida; lee Vyakarana). N'aka nke ọzọ, French na Bekee nwere ọdịiche siri ike n'etiti ụda na akara.

Ụkpụrụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na phonics, n'ihi na ọ bụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti okwu ndị a na-ekwu na nnọchite anya ha (akwụkwọ ozi).

Ụkpụrụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ anaghị adabere na usoro ederede ederede dị ka Chinese ma ọ bụ usoro ederede syllabic dị ka Japanese kana. E ji mkpụrụedemede Chinese dee akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Korea n'oge gara aga, mana ugbu a edere ya na usoro mkpụrụedemede Hangul zuru oke, nke a na-edeghị mkpụrụedemede n'usoro, kama a haziri ya na mkpụrụedemede syllabic nke yiri mkpụrụedemede China.

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latịn[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

   Ọtụtụ orthographies na-eji Usoro ederede Latin bụ phonological na-ezughị oke ma dị iche na nke ahụ ruo n'ókè ka ukwuu ma ọ bụ obere. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị Rom oge ochie mepụtara mkpụrụ akwụkwọ maka Latin. N'oge ụwa na-emepechabeghị anya, a gbanwere ya na asụsụ Romance, ụmụ Latin, yana Celtic, German, Baltic, na ụfọdụ asụsụ Slavic, na n'ikpeazụ na ọtụtụ asụsụ nke Europe.

Asụsụ Bekee[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  Asụsụ Bekee dabeere na ụkpụrụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ, mana nnweta nke ụda na mkpụrụedemede sitere na asụsụ dịgasị iche iche na mgbanwe ụda dị iche iche n'ime Bekee emeela ka usoro mkpụrụedemede Bekee nke oge a bụrụ mgbagwoju anya. Usoro mkpụrụedemede na-agbaso omenala ụfọdụ mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụda ọ bụla nwere ike iji mkpụrụedemede dị iche iche ma ọ bụ ngwakọta mkpụrụedemede dee. Dịka eip id="mwag">pụọ, di nri id="mwUA">ee 'na'-anọchite anya eo="mw:Transclusion">/i/ (feed), mana n'ọtụtụ ụdị Bekee, otu ụda ahụ nwekwara ei-e ịnọchite anya otu e (be), mkpụrụedemede y (fifty), site na ea (graffiti) ma ọ 'bụ' digraphs 'ie' (ubi), ei (deceit), ea (feat), ey (key), eo (ndị mmadụ), oe (amoeba), ae (Aeon), is (debris), it (spirit), ui (mosquito) ma ọbụ (e), e'e-e' (e (e), i-e (gue-le), i-le-e (grebe (gue). N'aka nke ọzọ, otu akara, dị ka digraph th, nwere ike ịnọchite anya ihe karịrị otu phoneme: interdental na-enweghị olu /θ/ dị ka ọ dị nro, interdental /ð/ dị ka nke a, /t/ dị mfe dị ka Thomas, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ụyọkọ ụdaume /tθ/ dị na nke asatọ.

Usoro mkpụrụ okwu maka asụsụ ụfọdụ, dị ka Spanish ma ọ bụ Italian, dịtụ mfe n'ihi na ha na-agbaso nkwekọrịta dị mma n'etiti ụda na usoro mkpụrụedemede na-anọchite anya ha. N'asụsụ Bekee, usoro mkpụrụ okwu dị mgbagwoju anya ma dịgasị iche iche n'ogo nke ọ na-agbaso otu usoro. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe kpatara nke a, gụnyere: nke mbụ, mkpụrụedemede nwere mkpụrụedemede 26, mana asụsụ Bekee nwere ụda 40 nke a ga-egosipụta na mkpụrụedemede okwu; nke abụọ, a malitere ịhazi mkpụrụedemede Bekee na narị afọ nke iri na ise, a ghọtabeghị ọtụtụ mkpụrụedemede iji gosipụta mgbanwe ogologo oge na ịkpọpụta nke dị n'asụsụ niile; na nke atọ, Bekee na-anabata okwu mba ọzọ ugboro ugboro n'agbanweghị mkpụrụedemede nke okwu ndị ahụ.

Ọrụ ọ na-arụ n'ịmalite ịgụ ihe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ịmụta njikọ dị n'etiti mkpụrụedemede edere na ụda a na-ekwu ekwuola dị ka ihe dị oke egwu maka njirimara okwu ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Ịghọta na enwere mmekọrịta kpọmkwem n'etiti mkpụrụedemede na ụda na-enyere onye na-agụ akwụkwọ aka ịkọwapụta ịkpọpụta okwu edere a na-amaghị ama ma jikọta ya na okwu a maara. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-apụta na-amata ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ndị a na-amaghị ama site n'ịmepụta ha. N'otu aka ahụ, a na-ahụkwa ịghọta mmekọrịta nke mkpụrụedemede na ụda dị ka ihe dị oke egwu maka ịmụta ịpị mkpụrụ.[5][6][7]

E nwere nkà ihe ọmụma abụọ dị iche iche maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-amụta ijikọta mkpụrụedemede na ụda okwu na Bekee. Ndị na-akwado phonics na-ekwu na mmekọrịta a kwesịrị ịkụziri ya n'ụzọ doro anya ma mụta ya na akpaghị aka, iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịmata okwu ngwa ngwa nke nghọta dabere na ya. [8]Ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ndị na-akwado asụsụ dum bụ ndị kwenyere na a ga-akụziri ịgụ ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-ekwusi ike na ụmụaka nwere ike ịghọta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mkpụrụedemede na ụda. A na-akpọkarị arụmụka a agha ọgụgụ.[9][10][11]

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Teaching the Alphabetic Code: Phonics and Decoding. Reading Rockets (Apr 24, 2013).
  2. ↑ The English Alphabetic Code, Phonics international.
  3. ↑ National reading panel, pg. 2-89, nichd.nih.gov (USA).
  4. ↑ INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF THE TEACHING OF EARLY READING: FINAL REPORT, EDUCATION AND SKILLS, UK. Archived from the original on 2010-05-12. Retrieved on 2020-06-23.
  5. ↑ Juel (1996). "27 Beginning Reading", in Rebecca Barr: Handbook of Reading Research, II, 759–788. 
  6. ↑ Connie Juel. Rebecca Barr:Handbook of Reading Research Vol. II. chapter 27 Beginning Reading 759–788. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved on 2017-08-24.
  7. ↑ Feitelson (1988). Facts and Fads in Beginning Reading: A Cross-Language Perspective. Ablex. ISBN 0-89391-507-6. 
  8. ↑ Chall (1996). Learning to read: The great debate, 3rd, Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. OCLC 8974797. 
  9. ↑ Blog (Mar 26, 2020). Science of Reading: Can We Get Beyond Our 30-Year Pillar Fight?.
  10. ↑ Ending the Reading Wars: Reading Acquisition From Novice to Expert. Association for Psychological Science - APS.
  11. ↑ Battle rages over how to teach Australian children to read, amid new push for phonics testing. www.abc.net.au (Jun 29, 2019).

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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