Jump to content

Ụlọ Elu Abụọ 2

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Ụlọ Elu Abụọ 2
unfinished building
mba/obodoNjikota Obodo Amerika Dezie
dị na ngalaba nhazi mpagharaNew York City Dezie
akitekitiKenneth Gardner Dezie
webụsaịtịhttp://www.triroc.com/wtc/ Dezie
state of conservationdemolished or destroyed Dezie

Ụlọ elu ejima nke Abụọ (nke a makwaara dị ka Twin Towers 2, New Twin Towers, World Trade Center Phoenix [lower-alpha 1] na Michael W. Diamond Twin Towers) bụ ụlọ elu ụlọ elu ejima na- atụ aro nke gaara adị na Ụwa. Ebe a na-ere ahịa na Manhattan, New York City . [1] Ihe mgbagwoju anya a na-atụ aro ga-anọchi anya Twin Towers nke World Trade Center mebiri na September 11 ọgụ, na-eweghachi mbara igwe nke obodo ahụ na steeti mbụ ya. [2] Isi imewe maka mgbagwoju a chọrọ ga-egosipụta ụlọ elu ejima ọhụrụ akara ngosi, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke mbụ nke Minoru Yamasaki mere, [3] ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-egosipụta akụkọ 115-5 ala dị ogologo karịa nke mbụ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. [4] N'akụkụ ụlọ elu ndị ahụ, ihe ncheta dị n'elu ala gaara ejiri akara ukwu nke ụlọ elu mbụ ahụ. [5] Ebe ọhụrụ ahụ ga-enwekwa ụlọ atọ dị okpukpu iri na abụọ, dochie ebe mbụ 3, 4 na 5 World Trade Center . [6] Ọ bụ onye America na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Herbert Belton [7] na onye injinia America bụ Kenneth Gardner mere ma mepụta ya. [8]

ndabere (2001-2003)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbe mwakpo Septemba 11 gasịrị na 2001, a tụlere ọtụtụ echiche banyere iwu ụlọ elu ejima ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị na na mgbasa ozi. [9] Mgbe Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) bidoro asọmpi ncheta saịtị World Trade Center na 2002, ọgbakọ ahụ nyere ndị otu asaa iwu ka ha mepụta atụmatụ iji weghachi mbara igwe Manhattan . N'ime asaa ahụ, otu anọ tụrụ aro ka e wuo ụlọ elu ejima ọ bụ ezie na ha adịghị ka nke mbụ Minoru Yamasaki mere. [9] Ka akwadochara atụmatụ ntọala ebe nchekwa Daniel Libeskind wee họrọ ya site na Lower Manhattan Development Corporation na 2003, a jụrụ atụmatụ ejima ejima echere. [9] Nsonaazụ nke asọmpi na imewe nke LDC họọrọ ka ọha na eze katọrọ, gụnyere onye nkatọ ụkpụrụ ụlọ Herbert Muschamp yana Donald Trump . [10] [11] Ezubere imewe Team Twin Towers ejima ejima banye na asọmpi ncheta saịtị World Trade Center, mana enweghị ike imezu ihe ahụ tupu asọmpi a mechie. [12]

Mmalite mbụ (2004)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Atụmatụ mbụ nke ọrụ ahụ malitere na mgbasa ozi na 2004 na otu n'azụ ọrụ a na-akpọ Team Twin Towers, Inc., nke ndị na-eme ihe ike na ndị na-emepụta ihe na-arụkọ ọrụ na mmalite nke ihe nlereanya ahụ. [13] Ndị otu ahụ na mbụ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri telivishọn na onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke otu Randy Warner, na imewe nke onye injinia Kenneth "Ken" Gardner na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Herbert Belton, bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka mbụ World Trade Center . [13] Ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ha bụ Jonathan Hakala, onye na-achụ ego ego nke bụbu onye bi n'okpukpu 77 nke mbụ North Tower . [12] A na-akpọ atụmatụ ọrụ ahụ "Atụmatụ nke Ndị mmadụ", na ọ ga-adị ka ihe mbụ Yamasaki mere. [13]

Nhazi ọhụrụ ahụ ga-egosipụta akpụkpọ anụ ígwè e wuru n'ime okpukpu abụọ - tube n'ime tube - nke nwere ogidi dị arọ na nkwado nhazi ka mma karịa nke mbụ, ọ ga-akpọkwa windo buru ibu maka nkasi obi na mma ọkụ ọkụ. [13] Ihe ncheta a ga-egosipụta ihe ncheta abụọ dị okpukpu ise nke ga-ejide akara ukwu mbụ nke Twin Towers, nke e ji akpụkpọ anụ mbụ nke ụlọ elu ndị dara ada na nchara megharịa. A ga-edochi aha ndị ahụ ahụ n'ime granite. [13] "Ọ na-anọchi anya mkpebi, ọ na-anọchi anya ike, ọ na-anọchi anya ọhụrụ," ka engineer nke oru ngo Ken Gardner na-ekwu. "Ịhụ ka ụlọ elu ndị ahụ laghachi azụ ga-enwe mmetụta na-akpali akpali na ndị bi na ya. Ọ bụ ihe ncheta dị ndụ, echere m na ọ dị ike karịa ime ka 9/11 emebeghị." [13] Ụlọ elu ejima bụ isi na mbụ ga-enwe mast 500 dị elu n'elu ụlọ elu North, nke ga-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ya dị elu ruo 1,888 ụkwụ, nke n'oge ahụ gaara eme ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ kachasị elu n'ụwa karịa ụlọ elu. Taipei 101 dị elu 1,667 na Taipei, Taiwan . [12] E mere atụmatụ na ụlọ elu abụọ ahụ ga-adị okpukpu 112 ogologo. [14]

Twin Towers bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ otu na-arụgide gọọmentị na ndị ọrụ mmepe ka ha gbanwee atụmatụ mwugharị nke nnukwu atụmatụ Libeskind nke Lower Manhattan Development Corporation họpụtara. [12] Joanna Rose, onye na-ekwuchitere LMDC, bụ onye na-ahazi nhazigharị na saịtị ahụ, kwuru na nzukọ a bu n'obi ịga n'ihu na atụmatụ ọ họọrọ. Randy Warner, onye nchoputa nke Team Twin Towers kwuru, sị: "Ọ bụrụhaala na anyị amalitebeghị igwu ala n'ime ala, enwere ohere maka mkparịta ụka." [12]

Ụlọ Twin Team, na February 18, 2004, kpugheere ụkpụrụ ụlọ ha nke ụlọ elu ejima ọhụrụ na nnọkọ akụkọ na Marriott Financial Center Hotel (nke bụ New York Marriott Downtown) na nso ebe World Trade Center . [15] Onye na-ekwuchitere Twin Towers Jonathan Hakala na-ekwu na Twin Tower mbụ "bụ otu n'ime akara ala 'nwere ike ịmata ngwa ngwa' nke ụwa." [15] na "Ọ bụ ihe owuwu mara mma ịhụ ka ọ na-arị elu", na-echeta Artie Vignapiano, onye bụ onye na-ahazi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dịka e wuru ebe mbụ World Trade Center . [15] "Mgbe m na-arụ ọrụ n'ala nke 74 nke Tower One, m na-agwa ndị mmadụ, sị, 'Ị maara ihe a na-akwụ m? Iji lee anya n'èzí windo m na Statue of Liberty. ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ahụ—10 n'ime mmadụ 10—chọrọ ka ha laghachi azụ.'" [15]

Mgbe e mesịrị na February, Trump pụtara na CNN show Larry King Live with Larry King . [16] N'oge a na-ekwu okwu na redio, onye na-akpọ oku jụrụ ma Trump ọ na-etinye aka ma ọ bụ na ọ ga-etinye aka na "ụlọ elu ejima ọhụrụ". [16] Ọ bụ ezie na Trump n'oge ahụ etinyeghị aka na oru ngo Team Twin Towers, ọ ghọrọ onye nkwado maka imewe ọrụ ahụ n'ime afọ ndị ọzọ. Trump kwuru ihe ndị a gbasara atụmatụ David Childs na Daniel Libeskind nke Otu World Trade Center :  

Nkwalite mmalite (2005-2007)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nhazi mmalite maka mgbagwoju anya a chọrọ, dịka 2007.

N'afọ 2005, mgbasa ozi maka ọrụ ahụ mụbara, ebe Trump na-akwado ma na-akwado ọrụ ahụ n'ihu ọha. Nkwado maka oru ngo ahụ mụbara n'ihi nkatọ nke Childs-Libeskind design [17] na ebubo sitere na 2002 tụgharịrị megide onye bụbu Gọvanọ New York George Pataki, ebubo nke cronyism n'ihi na e chere na ọ na-eji mmetụta ya mee ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-emeri emeri họrọ dị ka amara onwe ya. maka enyi ya na onye nkwado mkpọsa, Ron Lauder. [18] Na Mee 2005, Trump pụtara na Hardball ya na Chris Matthews iji kparịta atụmatụ atụmatụ Childs-Libeskind Freedom Tower. [19] Ọ bụ ezie na Matthews jụrụ Trump banyere ma saịtị efu ọ dị mma karịa atụmatụ a chọrọ, ọ zara ngwa ngwa, na-akatọ Libeskind, "Ọ bụ onye na-ese akwa egghead mere ya nke na-enweghị ahụmahụ dị ukwuu nke ịmepụta ihe dị otú a. Ma ọ bụ naanị ya. imewe dị egwu." [19] Trump mechara gaa n'ihu na-ekwu na ọ naghị "ọbụna ụta maka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ." [19] Trump, onye n'ime ọnwa ndị gachara kwadoro ọrụ ahụ, kwuru na "enweghị nnukwu ọrụ m nwere ike ịrụ." na nzaghachi nye ajụjụ Matiu. "Ihe m chọrọ ịhụ wuru bụ World Trade Center siri ike na ma eleghị anya akụkọ toro ogologo. Ma nke ahụ bụ ihe onye ọ bụla chọrọ." [19]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ahụ na-enweta mgbasa ozi n'ihi nkwado Donald Trump na ya, onye bụbu onyeisi oche Borough nke Bronx, Fernando Ferrer, kwadoro atụmatụ ahụ iji wuo ụlọ elu ejima ọhụrụ, na-ekwu na ọ "dị nnọọ mma ma ekwesịrị ịtụle ya." [20] na-agbakwụnye na ụlọ mbinye aka ọhụrụ ahụ ekwesịghị ịdị ka "ụjọ." Tupu nkwupụta ahụ, Ferrer wepụtara atụmatụ nrụpụta nke na-akpọ ka gbasaa 10 nde square ụkwụ nke oghere ụlọ ọrụ n'akụkụ mpaghara ise ahụ ka ọ bụrụ "decentralized." [20] Ferrer ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Jen Bluestein kwuru na "Ihe kpatara ya, o kwuru mgbe ahụ, bụ ịmepụta oghere ụlọ ọrụ iji nyere ógbè ndị dị n'èzí Manhattan aka. Ọ chọghịkwa inye ndị na-eyi ọha egwu ihe ọzọ." ọ gara n'ihu na-akọwa, "Fernando Ferrer ekwenyela mgbe niile na ọrụ onye isi obodo bụ ịrụghachi ihe dị egwu na Ground Zero na, na-eji ebe ndị dị ugbu a, gbasaa oghere ụlọ ọrụ n'ime mpaghara ise ahụ. N'ụzọ dị mwute, Mayor Bloomberg jisiri ike mee ya". [20]

Greg Manning, onye na-arụ ọrụ na World Trade Center mbụ ya na nwunye ya Lauren, dere otu akụkọ na New York Times na-akwado ọrụ Twin Towers II. [21] Greg rụrụ ọrụ maka Euro Brokers na 84th floor nke South Tower na Lauren bụ onye mmekọ maka Cantor Fitzgerald na 105th floor nke North Tower. [21] Manning abịaghị n'oge, n'ihi ya, ọ nọghị n'ọfịs ya mgbe United Airlines Flight 175 dara n'ime ụlọ ahụ, na-ebibi ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ere ahịa Euro. Nwunye ya Lauren gbara ọkụ ọkụ nke gbapụrụ ọnụ ụlọ nke North Tower mgbe ụgbọ elu American Airlines Flight 11 kụrụ ụlọ ahụ. [21] Greg kwuru ihe ndị a gbasara ọrụ a:   Trump, na Mee 18, 2005, nwere ọgbakọ ndị nta akụkọ n'ụlọ ya na Fifth Avenue na Midtown Manhattan, iji lebara atụmatụ Twin Towers II anya. [22] Ya na ya bụ injinia Ken Gardner na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Herbert Belton, Trump gosipụtara otu Twin Towers haziri ụdị mgbagwoju anya ejima. Atụmatụ Freedom Tower, dị ka Trump si kwuo, "dị ka ogige junkyard, usoro akụkụ nke gbajiri agbaji nke na-adabaghị na ibe anyị. Anyị ga-ebikwa na nke a ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ? Ọ bụ ikpo okwu kachasị njọ nke ihe owuwu ụlọ. Ahụla m na ndụ m." [22] Ọ bụ ezie na Trump na-akwado ọrụ ejima a chọrọ, ọ na-ahapụ mkpebi ahụ ruo Larry Silverstein, onye ụlọ ọrụ Silverstein Properties gbazitere saịtị ahụ. Trump kwuru, "Enwere m naanị ike ime ka m kweta." [22] N'ọgbakọ ndị nta akụkọ, ọ gụrụ site n'akwụkwọ ozi Libeskind zigara ya. Trump hotara Libeskind na-ekwu na udi ụlọ elu ahụ bụ "ihe sitere n'aka David Childs", ebe ọ chọrọ ka ụlọ elu dị gịrịgịrị, nke oge gboo laghachi azụ n'okporo ụzọ. [22] Libeskind gbakwunyere na nkwupụta Wenezde: "Atụmatụ saịtị abụghị naanị maka ụlọ azụmahịa. Ihe ncheta bụ ebe etiti ya dị oke mkpa. Ọ bụ n'ihi ihe kpatara ya." [22] Trump, na-emechi okwu ya, kwuru na "Ọ bụrụ na anyị wughachi World Trade Center n'ụdị ọkpụkpụ, ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na-emeri." na na ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike ịchọta ndị nwe ụlọ maka ọrụ ahụ, iji wuo ogige ncheta kama. [22]

Ekpughere nhazi ikpeazụ maka ụlọ elu Freedom na June 28, 2005. Iji lebara okwu nchekwa nke Ngalaba Ndị uwe ojii Obodo New York welitere, 187-foot (57 m) agbakwunyere kọnkịtị na nhazi n'April nke afọ ahụ. Nhazi ahụ na mbụ gụnyere atụmatụ ịkwanye ntọala ahụ na prisms ugegbe iji lebara nkatọ na ụlọ ahụ nwere ike ọ dị ka ọ naghị akpọ oku ma yie " bonka ihe . Ewubere ụlọ elu nnwere onwe n'April 2006, bụ nke mebiri ọrụ Twin Towers II n'ihe egwu site na ịrụ ya na saịtị ahụ. [23]

Mmepe mechara (2008–2009)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Otu World Trade Center, bụ isi ụlọ nke mgbagwoju anya World Trade Center, na 2022.

Nkatọ bilitere na 2008 na mwughachi nke World Trade Center na-ewe ogologo oge karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya. [24] Ọ bụ ezie na a na-arụzi Ụlọ Ọrụ Azụmahịa Ụwa ugbu a (nke bụbu Freedom Tower) nakwa National September 11 Memorial & Museum, a ka tụrụ aro ka a kwụsị otu World Trade Center na ịrụ ọrụ Twin Towers II. [24] "Ịhụ ka ha na-agbago nwere ike ịdị ike dị ka ịhụ ka ha na-agbada." Ken Gardner kwuru, onye injinia nke oru ngo a. [24]

Agbahapụ oru ngo (2010)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Kemgbe 2008, akụkọ banyere ọrụ ahụ, yana ma ọ bụrụ na a ka nwere ike ịrụ ya, ekwughị okwu. N'ihi mmecha nke otu, atọ, na anọ World Trade Center, yana ncheta na ihe ngosi nka, oru ngo a bụ ihe a na-atụghị anya ya. [25]

Bjarke Ingels, bụ onye ahọpụtara dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka ihe ọhụrụ nke Ụlọ Ahịa Ụwa Abụọ, kwuru na ya ga-ewughachi Ụlọ Ahịa Ụwa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ya. [26] O kwuru, na-ekwu na "Ha bụ akụkụ buru ibu nke njirimara Manhattan. Mgbe ị na-ekiri Tony Soprano na-apụ na Ọwara Holland, ọ nwere ike ịhụ ụlọ elu na enyo azụ ya. Ha na-ele anya nke ọma." [26]

Ihe ndetu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[27]

  1. ↑ "Joint Statement of 'Twin Towers II' and the Twin Towers Alliance", NBC2. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  2. ↑ Hirschkorn. "Trump pushes own Ground Zero plan", CNN, May 19, 2005. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  3. ↑ Chung. "Trump's WTC Solution: If it's Broke, Build it Again", Gothamist, May 18, 2005. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  4. ↑ "What the new Twin Towers could be" (video), MSNBC. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  5. ↑ World Trade Center memorial design and proposal (Fig 1.). Make New York New York Again. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  6. ↑ World Trade Center site plan comparisons and details (Fig. 3). Make New York, New York Again. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  7. ↑ Madore. "H. Belton, 68, architect who proposed new Twin Towers" (archive), Newsday, December 1, 2005. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  8. ↑ Panero. "Should the World Trade Center be rebuilt?", The New Criterion, March 16, 2005. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Hirschkorn. "Winning WTC plan is taller than twin towers", CNN, February 27, 2003. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  10. ↑ "Architects Buzzing Over Muschamp's Flip-Flop On Libeskind", Archlog, February 7, 2003. Retrieved on July 13, 2016. “It [Libeskind's idea] is an astonishingly tasteless idea. It has produced a predictably kitsch result.”
  11. ↑ Gelinas. "Rebuild the Towers", New York Post, April 7, 2005. Retrieved on July 13, 2016.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 "Group proposes rebuilding Twin Towers", CNN, February 20, 2004. Retrieved on July 10, 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "CNN20204" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Lubell. "Team Designing and Promoting New Design For World Trade Center" (archive), Architectural Record, McGraw Hill Construction, March 10, 2004. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  14. ↑ Croghan. "Big push to rebuild towers" (archive), New York Daily News, May 19, 2004. Retrieved on July 11, 2016.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Murdock. "Twins Rise Again" (archive), National Review Online, March 4, 2004. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "CNN Larry King Live with Donald Trump" (transcript), CNN, February 27, 2004. Retrieved on July 11, 2016.
  17. ↑ One World Trade Center. Emporis.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved on January 14, 2012.
  18. ↑ "America's Freedom Tower?", NBC News, February 17, 2005. Retrieved on November 22, 2011.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Matthews, Chris. "Trump calls Freedom Tower 'disgusting' and a 'pile of junk'" (interview), MSNBC, May 13, 2005. Retrieved on July 11, 2016.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Saul. "FREDDY LIKES TRUMP'S PLAN FOR TWIN TOWERS", New York Daily News, May 23, 2005. Retrieved on July 11, 2016.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Manning. "New York Times OP-ED: Build It Again", The New York Times, June 12, 2005. Retrieved on July 13, 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 Dobnik. "Trump Sounds Off on World Trade Center" (archive), May 19, 2005. Retrieved on July 13, 2016.
  23. ↑ "Building of N.Y. Freedom Tower begins", USA Today, April 28, 2006. Retrieved on February 1, 2009.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Murdock. "Ground Zero of National Paralysis", National Review, July 4, 2008. Retrieved on July 13, 2016.
  25. ↑ "At World Trade Center, the twin towers' disgraceful replacement", NJ.com, May 10, 2012. Retrieved on July 13, 2016.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Clarke. "WTC architect Bjarke Ingels would've rebuilt the twin towers", New York Daily News, June 11, 2015. Retrieved on July 13, 2016.
  27. ↑ Hirschkorn. "Winning WTC plan is taller than twin towers", CNN, February 27, 2003. Retrieved on July 10, 2016.

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ụlọ_Elu_Abụọ_2&oldid=171257