Akpa amniotic
Akpa amniotic, nke a na-akpọkwa akpa mmiri ma ọ bụ membrane, bụ akpa ebe nwa e bu n'afọ na nwa e bu pụta na-etolite na amniotes. [1][2][3]Ọ bụ ihe dị nro ma sie ike nke na-egbuke egbuke nke na-ejide nwa ọmụmụ na-eto eto (na nwa e bu n'afọ) ruo obere oge tupu a mụọ ya. Ihe dị n'ime membranes ndị a, amnion, na-ekpuchi Oghere amniotic, nke nwere Mmiri amniotic na embryo. Mkpịsị aka dị n'èzí, chorion, nwere amnion ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Placenta. N'akụkụ dị n'èzí, a na-ejikọta akpa amniotic na akpa yolk, allantois, na site na eriri umbilical, Placenta.[4]
Akpa yolk, amnion, chorion, na allantois bụ mpempe akwụkwọ anọ extraembryonic nke dị n'èzí embryo ma na-etinye aka n'inye ihe oriri na nchebe maka embryo na-eto eto. [5]Ha na-esite na mkpụrụ ndụ dị n'ime; nke mbụ na-esonye bụ akpa yolk na-esote amnion nke na-eto n'elu embryo na-eto eto. Amnion na-anọgide na-abụ ihe dị mkpa extraembryonic membrane n'oge niile a na-amụ nwa. Membrane nke atọ bụ allantois, nke anọ bụ chorion nke gbara embryo gburugburu mgbe ihe dị ka otu ọnwa gasịrị ma mesịa jikọta ya na amnion.[6]
Amniocentesis bụ usoro ahụike ebe a na-anwale mmiri sitere na akpa n'oge mmepe nwa, n'etiti izu 15 na 20 nke ime ime, iji mee ihe na nchọpụta tupu amụọ nwa chromosomal abnormalities na ọrịa nwa.[7]
Ọdịdị ya
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Oghere amniotic gbara ya gburugburu na membrane extraembryonic, nke a na-akpọ amnion. Ka mbido nke blastocyst na-aga n'ihu, obere oghere na-apụta na embryoblast, nke bụ primordium nke oghere amniotic. N'oge na-adịghị anya, amniogenic (amnion-forming cells) a na-akpọ amnioblasts kewapụrụ na epiblast ma kwụnye amnion, nke na-ekpuchi oghere amniotic.[8]
Ọganihu
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Na mbido izu nke abụọ, oghere na-apụta n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ dị n'ime, mgbe ọ na-ebuwanye ibu, ọ na-aghọ oghere amniotic. Ala nke oghere amniotic sitere na epiblast. Epiblast na-agagharị n'etiti epiblastic disc na trophoblast. N'ụzọ dị otú a, mkpụrụ ndụ epiblastic na-agagharị n'etiti embryoblast na trophoblast. A na-emepụta ala site na epiblast nke na-emesị gbanwee na ectoderm ebe mkpụrụ ndụ ndị fọdụrụnụ nke dị n'etiti embryoblast na trophoblast a na-akpọ amnioblasts (mkpụrụ ndụ dị larịị). A na-esikwa na epiblast nke a na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ ectoderm. [citation needed]
Akpa amniotic na ihe jupụtara na ya na-enye mmiri nke gbara nwa ahụ gburugburu ma na-ekpuchi nwa ahụ. Ọ bụ ebe mgbanwe nke ihe ndị dị mkpa, dị ka oxygen, n'etiti eriri umbilical na nwa e bu n'afọ. [9]Ọ na-enye ohere ka nwa e bu n'afọ na-agagharị n'enweghị nsogbu n'ime mgbidi nke akpa nwa. A na-enyekwa nnụnụ na-efe efe.[citation needed]
Epiblast na-emepụta ala nke oghere amniotic ma na-aga n'ihu na amnion. Hypoblast na-emepụta elu nke oghere exocoelomic ma na-aga n'ihu na mpempe akwụkwọ exocoelomtic dị nro. Membrane a tinyere hypoblast na-emepụta akpa yolk bụ isi. Diski embryonic dị ugbu a n'etiti oghere amniotic na akpa yolk bụ isi. Mkpụrụ ndụ sitere na yolk sac endoderm na-emepụta akwa nke anụ ahụ na-ejikọta, extraembryonic mesoderma nke gbara amnion na yolk bag gburugburu. [citation needed]
Ọmụmụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụrụ na, mgbe amuchara, akpa amniotic zuru ezu ma ọ bụ akụkụ buru ibu nke membrane nọgidere na-ekpuchi nwa ọhụrụ, a na-akpọ nke a caul.
Mgbe a hụrụ ya n'ìhè, akpa amniotic na-egbuke egbuke ma na-akwọ mụrụmụrụ, mana ọ siri ike.
Ozugbo a chụpụrụ nwa ahụ n'akpa nne, a na-achụpụ eriri umbilical, Placenta, na akpa amniotic n'ime akpa mgbe amuchara.Templeeti:Extraembryonic and fetal membranes
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akpa amniotic na ihe jupụtara na ya na-enye mmiri nke gbara nwa ahụ gburugburu ma na-ekpuchi nwa ahụ. Ọ bụ ebe mgbanwe nke ihe ndị dị mkpa, dị ka oxygen, n'etiti eriri umbilical na nwa e bu n'afọ. [9]Ọ na-enye ohere ka nwa e bu n'afọ na-agagharị n'enweghị nsogbu n'ime mgbidi nke akpa nwa. A na-enyekwa nnụnụ na-efe efe.[citation needed]
Ihe ọ pụtara n'ihe gbasara ahụike
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][./Chorio<i id= amnion" id="mwew" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chorioamnionitis">Chorioamnionitis] bụ ọzịza nke akpa amniotic (chorio- + amnion + -itis), na-abụkarị n'ihi ọrịa. Ọ bụ ihe ize ndụ maka sepsis nwa ọhụrụ.
N'oge ọrụ nwa, akpa amniotic ga-agbaji ka a amụọ nwa ahụ. A maara nke a dị ka rupture of membranes (ROM). Dị ka o kwesịrị, ọ na-eme na mberede n'oge zuru ezu ma ọ bụ n'oge ma ọ bụ na mmalite nke ọrụ. Mgbawa nke membranes (PROM) bụ mgbawa nke amnion nke na-eme tupu mmalite nke ịmụ nwa. A na-eji amnihook ma ọ bụ amnicot eme ihe (AROM), nke a makwaara dị ka amniotomy, iji mee ka ọrụ dị ngwa.
A ghaghị ịgba akpa amniotic iji mee amniocentesis. [10][11]Nke a bụ usoro a na-eme mgbe niile, mana ọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa nke akpa amniotic na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ikpe. [12]Ọrịa na-ebute n'ahụ nwanyị.[12][13]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Njikọ mpụga
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- ↑ Freshwater (22 May 2013). Blackwell's Nursing Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-69087-1. Retrieved on 11 March 2016.
- ↑ Definition of BAG OF WATERS (en). www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved on 6 October 2021.
- ↑ Premature rupture of membranes: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (en). medlineplus.gov. Retrieved on 6 October 2021.
- ↑ Larsen (2001). Human Embryology, 3rd, Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-06583-7.
- ↑ Wolpert (2015). Principles of development, Fifth. ISBN 978-0-19-967814-3.
- ↑ Carlson (2014). "Placenta and Extraembryonic Membranes", Human Embryology and Developmental Biology, 117–135. DOI:10.1016/B978-1-4557-2794-0.00007-3. ISBN 978-1-4557-2794-0.
- ↑ Amniocentesis (en). nhs.uk (20 October 2017). Retrieved on 6 October 2021.
- ↑ Moore (2020). The developing human : clinically oriented embryology, Eleventh. ISBN 9780323611541.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jarzembowski (2014). "Normal Structure and Function of the Placenta", Pathobiology of Human Disease, 2308–2321. DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.05001-2. ISBN 978-0-12-386457-4.
- ↑ Wilde (2013). "Sample Collection, Including Participant Preparation and Sample Handling", The Immunoassay Handbook, 427–440. DOI:10.1016/b978-0-08-097037-0.00029-4. ISBN 978-0-08-097037-0.
- ↑ Carlson (2014). "Fetal Period and Birth", Human Embryology and Developmental Biology, 453–472. DOI:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2794-0.00018-8. ISBN 978-1-4557-2794-0.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Jefferson (2012). "The Bacterial Etiology of Preterm Birth", Advances in Applied Microbiology Volume 80, 1–22. DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-394381-1.00001-5. ISBN 978-0-12-394381-1.
- ↑ Ariel (2014). "Placental Pathologies – Intrauterine Infections", Pathobiology of Human Disease, 2360–2376. DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.05007-3. ISBN 978-0-12-386457-4.