Archie Mafeje

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Archie Mafeje
Mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịunknown value Dezie
Aha enyereArchibald Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya30 Maachị 1937, 30 Maachị 1936 Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya28 Maachị 2007 Dezie
Dị/nwunyeShahida El-Baz Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụanthropologist Dezie
Ihe nriteFellow of the African Academy of Sciences Dezie

Archibald Boyce Monwabisi Mafeje (30 Maachị 1936 - 28 Maachị 2007), nke a na-akpọkarị Archie Mafeje bụ onye mba South Africa, onye ọkàmmụta n'isi ọmụmụ anthropology na onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị. Onye amụrụ na ebe amaara ugbu a ka Eastern Cape, ọ nwetara ọtụtụ nzere site na Mahadum Cape Town (UCT) na Mahadum Cambridge. Ọ ghọrọ ọkammụta na mahadum dị iche iche na Europe, North America, na Africa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ya ogologo oge pụọ na apartheid South Africa mgbe egbochiri ya ikuzi nkuzi na UCT n'afọ 1968.

Mgbe ọ nọ mba ọzọ maka ọsọ ndụ ọ gbara gbaga ebe ahụ, Mafeje so na mmemme mgbochi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ọrụ ya n'isi ọmụmụ anthropology nwere njikọ chiri anya na naonye ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ Ọchịchị, o jikwa akwụkwọ mmụta ya dị ka ngwá ọrụ iji katọọ usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba nke kwadoro usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa. O nwere mmasị karịsịa na okwu nwe ala na ikenye ihe onwunwe, ma kwukwaa na e wulitere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ntọala nke nkesa na irigbu ala na-ezighị ezi. Dịka onye Marxist ọ bụ, Mafeje dịka onye wepụtara ọtụtụ nkwenye mgbaso maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ onye ama ama maka nkatọ ya maka colonialism, apartheid na ụdị mmegbu ndị ọzọ n'Africa. Otu onye ama ama so na African left, ọ na-akatọ ọdịnala agụmakwụkwọ ọdịda anyanwụ wee rụsie ọrụ ike maka ịzụlite Africa-centered approach na echiche mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Echiche Marxism nke Mafeje na ntinye aka ya na tiori mmekọrịta ọha na eze Africa emetụtala agụmakwụkwọ na mmemme na Africa na karịa. Ọrụ ya emetụtala arụmụka gbasara njirimara Africa, ịkwụrụ onwe onye na nnwere onwe.

Ndụ na Ọrụ Ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Archibald Boyce Monwabisi Mafeje amụrụ na 30 Maachị 1936 na Gubenxa, obodo dịpụrụ adịpụ na Ngcobo (Thembuland, Cape Province, Union of South Africa).[1] Mafeje iziduko (aha agbụrụ) sitere na Mpondomise, otu agbụrụ nta n'ime Xhosa.[2]: 25  Nna ya, Bennett, bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Gubenxa Junior,[3] ebe nne ya, Frances Lydia, bụ onye nkuzi[4] Nne na nna ya lụrụ na Langa, Cape Town, n'afọ 1934, tupu ha akwaga Gubenxa, ma mesịa gaa n'obodo Ncambele na Tsolo.[2] Ha abụọ bụ ndị ụka Wesleyan Methodist.[2]: 25  Archie bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụnne asaa, ụmụnne ya ndị nke ọzọ bụ Vuyiswa (amụrụ 1940), Mbulezi (amụrụ 1942), Àtụ:NoteTag Khumbuzo ma ọ bụ Sikhumbuzo (amụrụ 1944), Mzandile ma ọ bụ Mlamli (amụrụ 1947), Thozama (amụrụ 1949), na Nandipha (amụrụ 1954).[3]

N'afọ 1951 na 1952, Mafeje dechara ule ma nweta asambodo Junior ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Nqabara, ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi ala ọzọ Methodist na Willowvale.[5] N'ebe ahụ, Nathaniel Honono, [5] onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ na onye isi òtù ndị nkuzi Cape African Teachers' Association (CATA), webatara Mafeje na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Non-European Unity Movement (a kpọgharịrị Unity Movement of South Africa n'afọ 1964).[3] A na-ahụta ụlọ akwụkwọ a dị ka otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ojii kacha mma na South. Africa; Otú ọ dị, n'ịgbaso Bantu Education Act nke afọ 1953, ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ mesịrị weghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na 1956.[3][2]: 27 

Mafeje wee debanye aha na Mahadum n'afọ 1954 gaa na Healdtown Comprehensive School na Fort Beaufort, ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ụka Methodist nke nwere ndepụta aha ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na ya nke gụnyere Nelson Mandela na Robert Sobukwe .[4] N'ebe ahụ, Livingstone Mqotsi, onye nkụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme, nwere mmetụta miri emi n'ebe Mafeje nọ,[4][6] wee malite isonye nke ọma n'òtù ndị nwere njikọ n'òtù Non-European Unity Movement.[7] Bongani Nyoka na-ekwu na na Healdtown, Archie ghọrọ onye na-ekweghị na Chineke Na-enye nsogbu.[2]: 28  Mafeje sonyeere Fort Hare Native College, mahadum ndị ojii dị na Eastern Cape, n'etiti 1955 iji mụọ zoology, ma ọ hapụrụ mgbe otu afọ gasịrị.[4][8]Àtụ:NoteTag Mafeje debara aha na Mahadum Cape Town (UCT) n'afọ 1957, na-esonyere obere ụmụ akwụkwọ na-erughị iri abụọ na-abụghị ndị ọcha na ogige ụmụ akwụkwọ dị puku ise.[9][2]: 28  Na UCT, o debanyere aha na mbu maka inweta nzere B.Sc na bayoloji mana o meghi nke ọma n'ule ndị o kwesịrị ka ọ gafee na ha.[2]: 28 [9] Mafeje chetara na dị ka nwa akwụkwọ biology na ngwụcha afọ 1950, ndị ọkammụta ndị ọcha kụziiri ya otu ihe "ahụ àgwà ịkpa ókè agbụrụ", n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ lere ya anya dị ka "onye nke ọzọ".[9][2]: 28  Ọ gbanwere ka ọ gụọ isi ọmụmụ social anthropology n'afọ 1959. N'afọ 1960, o nwetara nzere B.A ya n'isi ọmụmụ urban Sociology, nke nzere M.A nwere ọdịiche n'isi ọmụmụ political anthropology sochiri, tupu ya ahapụ mahadum n'afọ 1963.[10][11][12] Na UCT, o so na Society of Young Africa (SOYA) na Cape Peninsula Student Union (CPSU).[7][13][14] Francis Wilson (nwa onye ndụmọdụ ya n'ọdịnihu na onye nlekọta, Monica Wilson), Fikile Bam na Mafeje nwere arụmụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na "Freedom Square" n'okpuru Jameson Ụlọ Nzukọ.[2]: 30  Mgbe a manyere ha ịgụ Lenin na Trotsky maka nzere ha, Fikile Bam chetara na Mafeje na-ezo aka na Lenin ugboro ugboro n'esemokwu gbasara usoro ọchịchị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-enwe ike ịdepụta kpọmkwem amaokwu ndị ahụ ruo na nọmba ibe.[2]: 35  Ka o sina dị, ndị enyi Mafeje chetara na ụfọdụ ndị òtù SOYA hụrụ na amamihe ya na mmasị ya maka arụmụka echiche na-akpasu iwe n'ihi na ha kwenyere na ọ na-etinye oge dị ukwuu "na ndị ọcha na-eme ihe ike."[2]: 37 

Monica Wilson hụrụ maka ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ inweta nzere Mastas Mafeje. Mafeje ji ihe ọmụma ya banyere asụsụ Xhosa na njikọ nna ya Àtụ:NoteTag imezu ọrụ ubi na Langa n'etiti Nọvemba 1960 na Septemba 1962.[15][13] Mafeje bipụtara akụkụ nke a n’onwe ya,[16] wee dee "Monica Wilson Science Journal" dabere n'ọrụ akpọrọ Langa: Ọmụmụ ihe nke Social Groups n'ime African Township, nke e bipụtara dị ka akwụkwọ Oxford University Press bipụtara n'afọ 1963.[15] Otú ọ dị, na mmalite 1970s, ka nkatọ Mafeje nke Western anthropology mụbara. [17] Mafeje ga-ekewapụ onwe ya n'akwụkwọ ahụ, ma rụtụ aka n'okpuru Wilson Christian liberal ideology na liberal functionalism dị ka njedebe nke kwadoro Eurocentric usoro iwu.[3][18] Mafeje mechakwara ọrụ ubi gbasara ntuli aka 1960 na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mpaghara maka Gwendolen M. Carter] .[2]: 50  Na 16 Ọgọst 1963, Mafeje gwara òtù ndị gbakọtara n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị okwu, n'ihi ya, a kpọchiri ya [4][19] E zigara ya Flagstaff iji kpee ya ikpe.[4][19] A dara ya nra ma zighachi ya Cape Town kama ịbụ onye a gbara akwụkwọ.[4][19] Mafeje wee kwaga mba UK na mbụ dị ka onye nnyemaaka nyocha na Mahadum Cambridge mgbe Wilson kwadoro ya, mana mechaa inweta nzere Dọkịta nke Philosophy (DPhil) ya n'isi ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'okpuru nlekọta Audrey Richards na King's College, Mahadum Cambridge, na njedebe 1960.[11]Àtụ:NoteTag Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na PhD ya, o biiri na Uganda wee mee nnyocha gbasara ndị ọrụ ugbo Africa,[20] mgbe ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi nleta na Mahadum Makerere.[2]: 53  Usoro mmụta ọkankuzi ya bụ nke akpọrọ Social and Economic Mobility in a Peasant Society: A Study nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na-azụ ahịa na Buganda.[2]: 33 

Richards nwere obi abụọ banyere ụkpụrụ omume nke Mafeje. 'Àtụ:NoteTag na ikike ịbụ onye mmụta. Àtụ:NoteTag karịsịa mgbe a na-ejizi echiche, nyocha ederede, na ọrụ ubi.[18] Akwụkwọ ozi Mafeje degara Richards mgbe PhD ya kwuchara mmekọrịta ha:[18]Àtụ:Blockquote

Isiokwu Dara maka Mafeje (Mafeje Affair)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Àtụ:Ozi ndị ọzọ Mafeje chọrọ ịlaghachi na UCT wee tinye akwụkwọ maka ọkwa onye nkuzi ukwu nke UCT zisara ozi maka ya n'Ọgọst 1967.[21] Ọ bụ otu olu [22][21] nyere ya ọkwa dị ka onye isi nkuzi gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site n'aka UCT Council.[8][23]Site n'iwu, UCT nwere ike nabata ụmụ akwụkwọ ọcha ma ọbụghị na nkuzi kwesịrị ekwesị adịghị adị na ojii mahadum.[22][21] N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, iwu amachibidoghị UCT n'ụzọ doro anya iweta ndị nkuzi na-abụghị ndị ọcha.[22][21] Mafeje kwesiri ibido na Mee 1968, mana UCT Council wepụrụ onyinye Mafeje n'ọrụ n'ihi na gọọmentị egwu na ha ga-ebelata ego na ịmanye UCT ma ọ bụrụ na ọ họpụtara ya.[8][24][23]

Mkpebi kansụl ahụ kpasuru ụmụ akwụkwọ UCT iwe wee bute ngagharị iwe sochiri otu nọdụ ala, na 15 Ọgọst 1968, iji manye Kansụl ka ha gbanwee mkpebi ahụ.[25] Nọdụ ala -in nwetara mkpuchi nke mba ụwa wee were ya dịka akụkụ nke Mkpesa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 1968 nke nwetara nkwado site n'aka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-arị elu mgbochi na Paris na London.[26][27] Otú ọ dị, ka ụbọchị itoolu gachara, ngagharị iwe a dara mgbe ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ji ngwá agha na nkịta waba n'ụlọ ahụ ebe foto ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-agafe na ya. mata ebe ndị a na-eme ngagharị iwe.[28] Ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị sonyere na nọdụ-na-emecha kwusiri ike na ha ahụtụbeghị Mafeje na ọ dịghị mgbe ha chọrọ ịmụta ihe mere ya.[29] Ntsebeza kwuru. na, n'anya ụmụ akwụkwọ, ihe omume Mafeje abụghị maka Mafeje, onye ọ bụla, kama ọ bụ maka nnwere onwe agụmakwụkwọ na nnwere onwe nke mahadum.[29]

N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na London, Mafeje kwuru na "ihe niile bụ nke elu elu. Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu maka azụmahịa nnwere onwe nke mahadum a. Mana ha chere na ha nwere ike nweta mahadum n'efu na obodo na-enweghị nnwere onwe". Ọ gara n'ihu, sị, 'Ọ bụrụ na e kwere ka m banye na ngalaba ngalaba nke Mahadum Cape Town, hà ga-eme mkpesa megide eziokwu ahụ na a ga-amanye m ibi n'ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ? ... na m ga-enwe akwụkwọ ikike ịnọ na Cape Town? Ọ bụrụhaala na mụ na ha na-anọkọ awa ole na ole n’ụbọchị n’ụlọ nri mahadum, ọtụtụ n’ime ha ga-akpọ nnwere onwe agụmakwụkwọ.” Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ngagharị iwe tụrụ Mafeje tụrụ ya n’anya.[30]

Mafeje gbasoro ịrụ ọrụ ná mba ofesi.[23] N'afọ 1990, n'oge mkparita ụka iji kwụsị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mba South Africa, UCT ga-enye Mafeje ọkwa onye nkuzi ya na 1968 na nkwekọrịta ịrụ ọrụ naanị otu afọ, ma ọ jụrụ ọkwá ahụ n'ihi na ọ bụbu onye ọkammụta na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.[29] Mafeje kwuru na ya chọtara onyinye a "kacha mkparị".Àtụ:NoteTag[31] N'afọ 1994, Mafeje tinyere akwụkwọ nye A.C. Jordan onye isi na ngalaba African Studies na UCT, mana a jụrụ akwụkwọ anamachọihe ya n'ihi na e weere ya na ọ "adịghị mma maka ọnọdụ ahụ"[26] Kama Mahmood Mamdani, onye ọkammụta si mba Uganda a mụrụ na India ka a họpụtara n'ọnọdụ [32] Ọ hapụrụ mgbe ya na ndị ọchịchị nwechara nghọtahie na usoro ọmụmụ ya nke ntọala na Africa nke a na-akpọ Problematizing Africa.[33] Nke a ka akpọrọ Mamdani Affair.[34][35]

N'afọ 2002, onye isi Mahadum UCT Njabulo Ndebele meghere okwu nke a na-akpọ Mafeje.[29] N'afọ 2003, UCT rịọrọ Mafeje n'ihu ọha ma nye ya nzere ọkankuzi, ma ọ zaghị ihe UCT nyere.[31][29] N'afọ 2008, mgbe Mafeje nwụsịrị, na emume afọ iri anọ nke ihe ahụ mere, UCT rịọrọ ezinaụlọ Mafeje mgbaghara. [36] Ezinụlọ Mafeje nabatara mgbaghara ahụ.[26]

Ọrụ Ya Dịka Onye Gụrụ Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mafeje weghaara ọkwa dịka onye nkuzi dị elu n'afọ 1969, tupu ọ bụrụ onye ọkammụta zuru okè na onye isi ngalaba sociology, na Mahadum Dar Es Salaam na Tanzania.[18] Otú ọ dị, o merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala n'afọ 1971,[4] mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ga-apụ gaa na Europe maka ịwa ahụ. Ọ lọghachiteghị n'ihi esemokwu ya na onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum ahụ na onye isi ngalaba ya nwere.[2]: 56  N'agbata afọ 1972 na 1975, Mafeje chịburu isi na Urban Development and Labour Studies Program na International Institute of Social Studies na Netherlands ebe ọ zutere na mbụ Shahida El-Baz (Àtụ:Lang-ar), onye mmụta na onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị si mba Egypt, onye ga-emecha bụrụ nwunye ya.[37] N'afọ 1973, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na isii, a họpụtara Mafeje Queen Juliana Okammụta n'isi ọmụmụ Development Sociology and Anthropology site n'aka ndị omeiwu.[38][4] Ọ ghọrọ nwa amaala Dutch[2]: 58  ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị isi nke eze nwanyị kanyere aha ya n'ihu akwụkwọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke Dutch National Directorate, wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị Africa mbụ nwetara nsọpụrụ a.[18][39]

Site n'enyemaka Mafeje, e hiwere Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) na 1973.[24]Àtụ:NoteTag Ọ bụ ya họpụtara Okammụta n'isi ọmụmụ Sociology na Anthropology na Mahadum America dị na Cairo (AUC) na 1978 ruo 1990, na mgbe e mesịrị na 1994.[4][39] Ọ bụ ya mara maka ịghara inye ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ule, dịka ọ masịrị edemede nke ọ nwere ike ikwu okwu dị mkpa na ya. Dịka ada ya nwanyị Dana siri kwuo, Mafeje chere na "ule bụ maka ndị nzuzu"[2]: 72 

Mafeje sonyeere South Africa Political Economy Series Trust (SAPES) na Harare, Zimbabwe, n'afọ 1991 na njem nleta.[2]: 72  Agbanyeghị, Mafeje hapụrụ na otu afọ ahụ n'ihi nghọtahie ya na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ntụkwasị obi , Ibbo Mandaza nwere, onye chọrọ ka Mafeje debe oge ọrụ 09:00 ruo 17:00.[2]: 72  N'afọ 1992 , Mafeje malitere mkpakọrịta nleta otu afọ na Mahadum Northwestern na Evanston, Illinois, na US.[2]: 72  Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ na Northwwest, a họpụtara Mafeje ka ọ bụrụ onye isi na University of Namibia Multidisciplinary Research Centre n'afọ 1993. [39] Nwunye Mafeje kwuru na ndị Namibia na-akpa ókè agbụrụ mere ka ndụ ya bụrụ ọkụ mmụọ site n'aka ndị Namibia na-akpa ókè agbụrụ n'ime na n'èzí mahadum ahụ ruo n'ókè ọ chọrọ onye nche.[2]: 72  Ahụmahụ ahụ metụtara Mafeje nke ukwuu, o wee pụọ na Namibia ma laghachi na AUC na Cairo na 1994.[40]: 72 

Mafeje jere ozi dị ka onye isi ibe na onye nkuzi ọbịa n'ọtụtụ kọleji North America, Europe na Africa na ụlọ nyocha.[4][39] N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, Mafeje bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, onye na-ahụ maka Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).[2]: 60  N'afọ 2000, Mafeje laghachiri South Africa mgbe ọ nọrọ ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ n'agha gaa biri n'ala ọzọ. Ọkwa onye otu onye nyocha ọhụụ na African Renaissance Center na National Research Foundation.[3][4] O sonyekwara na kọmitii sayensị CODESRIA n'afọ 2001.[4][3]

Ndụ Onwe Onye na Ọnwụ Ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mafeje lụrụ Nomfundo Noruwana, bụ́ nọọsụ (onye ọrụ ahụike) n'afọ 1961, ha abụọ mụtakwara nwa nwoke, Xolani, n'afọ 1962 [2]: 51  Ha gbara alụkwaghịm n'ime afọ ole na ole.[2]: 51  Mafeje lụrụ Shahida El-Baz n'afọ 1977; ha nwere nwa nwanyị, Dana.[41][42][2]: 51  Mafeje bịara chegharịa kpewe okpukpe Alakuba tupu a lụọ ha n'ihi na El-Baz bụ onye Alakụba.[2]: 59  N'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya, Mafeje ga-akọwa onwe ya dị ka "Onye mba South Africa site n'ọmụmụ, onye Dutch site n'ịbụ nwa amaala, onye Ijipt site na ebe obibi, na onye African site n'ịhụnanya"[2]: 58  Mafeje bụ onye doruru anya ala ịmụ maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Egypt; n'agbanyeghị na ọ kpọrọ Anwar Sadat asị maka ịkpagbu ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ijipt n'onwe ya.[2]: 65  El-Baz chetara na Mafeje na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ime ụlọ ọmụmụ ihe ya na 6 Ọktoba 1981, mgbe e gburu Anwar Sadat mgbe ọ na-ekiri akụkọ telivishọn. El-Baz tiri mkpu, "Archie, agbagbuola Sadat!" Ka Mafeje jụrụ "Ọ nwụrụ?" ma nụ azịza ya n'ọ bụ eziokwu, o meghere karama champagne ka o mee toast.[2]: 65 

Ndị ọgbọ ya ghọtara Mafeje dị ka onye na-eche echiche nke onwe ya bụkwa onye "ihe siri ike" n'ụzọ pụrụ iche, na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya dị ka onye "na-ejighị obi ụtọ na-ata ndị nzuzu ahụhụ"[2]: 37  N'otu n'ime nkuzi ya, Thandika Mkandawire jụrụ Mafeje ka o dokwuo anya ma ọ bụ kwuo okwu ọzọ maka ịkatọ otu ndị sonyere na nkụsa na mgbasa emere na Durban n'afọ 1973. Kama ịza ajụjụ Mkandawire, Mafeje kwuru, "Amaara m na ị si Malawi. O nweghị ihe jikọrọ gị na ịjụ m ajụjụ gbasara South Africa ebe Malawi na-akwado ọkpụkpa-oke." Ụbọchị atọ ka nkuzi ahụ gasịrị, Mkandawire nwetara oku sitere na Mafeje, bụ onye rịọsiri mgbaghara ma kwuo na ya mehiere nnukwu ihe. Mkandawire nabatara arịrịọ mgbaghara ahụ wee kpọgara Mafeje òkù nri abalị n'ụlọ ya na Stockholm.[2]: 69 

Mafeje bụ onye ama ama maka ịsị, "Ọ bụrụ n'ihu mmeri pụtara ìhè, anyị enweghị ike ịbawanye uru anyị, mgbe ahụ ọ dị mkpa ka anyị belata ihe efu anyị"[43]

Mafeje nwụrụ na Pretoria na 28 Maachị 2007,[1] e wee lie ya n'akụkụ nne na nna ya na Ncambele.[2]: 76 

Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ntinye Mafeje na agụm akwụkwọ na itinyesi ọnụ ike n'okwu n'Africa bụ nke ama maka ya nke ọma, ọ nweghị nnukwu ihe nrite ma ọ bụ nkwanye ùgwù ọ natara maka ọrụ ya n'oge ndụ ya. A họpụtara Mafeje ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù African Academy of Sciences n'afọ 1986.[44] O nwetara ịbụ onye òtù oge ndụ nke CODESRIA n'afọ 2003, e wee kpọọ ya CODESRIA Distinguished Fellow na 2005.[4]

N'afọ 2008, Mahadum Cape Town (UCT) nyere Mafeje nzere bachelọ n'isi ọmụmụ Social Science, guzobe usoro agụmakwụkwọ N'efu n'aha ya na nsọpụrụ ya, ma nyegharịa ụlọ nzukọ Council (nke ndị ngagharị iwe mere n'oge Mafeje affair) Ụlọ Mafeje, na-etinye ihe ncheta na-asọpụrụ Mafeje nke na-elekọta n'ihu ụlọ ahụ.[45] UCT guzobekwara Archie Mafeje Chair in Critical and Decolonial Humanities.[46] N'afọ 2010, e nyere ya nzere ọkankuzi n'isi ọmụmụ Literature and Philosophy site n'aka Mahadum Walter Sisulu.[2]{{rp] |76}} Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e hiwere Archibald Mafeje PhD Scholarship na 2014 site na Tiso Foundation.[47] Ụlọ ọrụ Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) malitere Archie Mafeje Annual Memorial Lecture series na 2016.<[48] Mahadum South Africa hiwere Archie Mafeje Institute for Applied Social Policy Research (AMRI) n'afọ 2017.[49][50]

Akwụkwọ Ndị O bipụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe Ndí Nhụwa Ama[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mafeje, Archie – LC Linked Data Service: Authority and Vocabularies | Library of Congress, from LC Linked Data Service: Ndị ọchịchị na Okwu (Library of Congress).
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 Àtụ:Cite thesis
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Nabudere, D. Wadada (2011). Archie Mafeje: Scholar, Activist and Thinker (in en). African Books Collective. ISBN 978-0-7983-0286-9. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nathaniel Impey Honono | South African History Online.
  6. ↑ Archibald Boyce Monwabisi Mafeje (Kings '64) (2022 -06-30).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 (2020-07-02) "[https. ://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2020.1815184 Mafeje: ọkà mmụta–onye na-eme ihe ike nwere ezigbo nkwenye]". Ntụleghachi nke akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Africa. DOI:n=0305 -6244 10.1080/03056244.20522 n=0305 -6244. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Plaut, Martin (2010). "South African Student Protest, 1968: Remembering the Mafeje Sit-in". History Workshop Journal 69 (69): 199–205. DOI:10.1093/hwj/dbp035. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Àtụ:Cite akwụkwọ
  10. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named : 0
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Mkpesa ụmụ akwụkwọ South Africa, 1968 ruo 2016.
  12. ↑ .de/en/publication/id/38964/global-1968-na-African-continent «Global 1968» na mpaghara Afrika – Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  14. ↑ Nyoka, Bongani (2018). "Archie Mafeje: ndetu na atọ ahụ. ụyọkọ ọrụ ya". Transformation: Critical Perspections on South Africa. DOI:10.1353/trn.2018.0013. ISSN 1726-1368. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :19
  16. ↑ Mafeje, Archie (1963-04-01). "Onye isi na-eleta obodo". Nchịkwa Ọha na Mmepe. DOI:10.1002/j.1099-162X.1963.tb00603.x. ISSN 0271-2075. 
  17. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :28
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Àtụ:Cite webụ
  20. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified (2007-12-15).
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Hendricks, Fred (2008-12-03). "{{{title}}}". DOI:10.1080/00020180802505061. ISSN 0002-0184. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 -reappointment-black-professor-1968 Ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum White Cape Town nọdụ ala maka nhọpụta nke Prọfesọ ojii, 1968 | Global Nonviolent Action Database.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 ozi/1968-mafeje-affair-sit-50-years Ihe omume Mafeje nke afọ 1968, afọ iri ise na | mkpokọta ọba akwụkwọ pụrụ iche (en) (2018-08-15).
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Àtụ:Cite webụ
  25. ↑ Ihe gbasara 1968 "Mafeje Affair" nọdụ ala. , afọ 50 na | Ọbá akwụkwọ pụrụ iche mkpokọta.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Template error: argument title is required.
  27. ↑ isi-na-Africa/,%20https:/ /roape.net/2018/05/29/ike-na-ndị-mmadụ-the-1968-revolt-in-africa/ 'Ike nye Ndị mmadụ': nnupụisi nke 1968 n'Africa - ROAPE (2018-05-29).
  28. ↑ Varsity, Akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Mahadum Cape Town, Mpịakọta 27, nọmba 20 na 21 , Ọgọst 14 na 21, 1968; UCT Archives
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 Ntsebeza, Lungisile (2014-05-04). "Mafeje na UCT saga: azụmahịa emechabeghị?". Social Dynamics. DOI:s2cid = 144275150 10.1080/02533952/02533952 s2cid = 144275150. 
  30. ↑ Template error: argument title is required.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Ramoupi, Neo Lekgotla Laga (2014). "{{{title}}}". Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies. DOI:10.5070/F7381025032. ISSN 2150-5802. 
  32. ↑ -uct-in-war-over-bantu-education UCT in war over 'bantu education' (11 Maachị 2011).
  33. ↑ Ihe ọmụmụ Afrịka na UCT ọ bụ ụlọ ọhụrụ maka agụmakwụkwọ Bantu?.
  34. ↑ Àtụ:Cite webụ
  35. ↑ Kamola, Isaac A. (2011). "Ịchụso Ọkachamma na 'World-Class African University': Affair Mamdani na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Global Higher Education". Journal of Higher Education in Africa / Revue de l'enseignement supérieur en Afrique. 
  36. ↑ "Ndị isi UCT na-ezukọ icheta ọdụ nwata akwụkwọ". (in en)
  37. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified.
  38. ↑ "A Giant abanyela na". 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified.
  40. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named : 40
  41. ↑ 2008-08-19-plaque-will-emememorate-renaming-of-senate-room Plaque ga-echeta ngbanwe aha nke Ụlọ Senate (en).
  42. ↑ أخلاق المناضل (2013-12-11).
  43. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :46
  44. ↑ Mafeje Archibald | The AAS. Archived from the original on 2021-07-25. Retrieved on 2023-12-20.
  45. ↑ .uct.ac.za/article/-2008-08-19-plaque-will-commemorate-renaming-of-senate-room Plaque ga-echeta ngbanwe aha ụlọ Senate.
  46. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified.
  47. ↑ co.za/our-programmes/archie-mafeje-phd-scholarship/ Archibald Mafeje Scholarship For Advanced Study.
  48. ↑ The purpose of the Archie Mafeje Annual Memorial Lecture by Sehlare Makgetlaneng (Pambazuka News), 31 March, 2016 | South African History Online.
  49. ↑ Archie Mafeje Institute for Applied Social Policy Research (AMRI).
  50. ↑ { {Cite web |title=Mahadum South Africa | Archie Mafeje Research Institute |url=https://unisouthafr.academia.edu/Departments/Archie_Mafeje_Research_Institute/Documents |access-date=2022-12-30 |website= Archie Mafeje Research Institute, Mahadum South Africa |archive-date=2022-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230160735/https://unisouthafr.academia. edu/Ngalaba/Archie_Mafeje_Research_Institute/Documents |url-status=live }}

Ịgụrụ Gawa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Njikọ Mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Àtụ:Pan-Africanism

Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archie_Mafeje&oldid=146032