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Asụsụ Dyula

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Dyula
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme ihe nkiriỌdịdị
A mụrụ ya  Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Mali
Agbụrụ Dyula
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
 L2L1: nde 2.2 (2009-2018) [1]: nde 10 (2012-2013) [1] 
N'Ko, Latịn, Ajami
Koodu asụsụ
ISO 639-2 dyu
ISO 639-3 dyu
Glottolog dyul1238
Onye na-ekwu okwu Dyula na-ekwu Mossi na Dyula, nke edere na Taiwan.

Dyula (ma ọ bụ Jula, Dioula, Julakan) bụ asụsụ nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Mande nke a na-asụkarị na Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast na Mali, yana mba ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Ghana, Guinea na Guinea-Bissau. Ọ bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Manding ma nwee njikọ chiri anya na Bambara, na-esonyere Bambara yana Malinke. Ọ bụ Asụsụ azụmahịa na West Africa ma ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na-asụ ya, ma ọ bụ dị ka asụsụ mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ. Dị ka asụsụ Mande ndị ọzọ, ọ na-eji Ụda olu. Enwere ike ide ya na Latịn, Arabic ma ọ bụ N'Ko.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, Dyula ("jula" n'asụsụ ahụ) abụghị ethonym, kama ọ bụ akara Asụsụ Manding nke pụtara 'onye ahịa'. Okwu a na-eji eme ihe iji mee ka ndị ahịa Alakụba dị iche na ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụba bi n'otu mpaghara ahụ, ọkachasị ndị ọrụ ugbo Senuufo. [2] ghọrọ aha ọzọ maka ndị ahịa na-asụ Manding dịka ndị Bambara ma ọ bụ Mandinka na asụsụ ha. [3][4] [5] dị, n'otu oge ahụ, usoro nke ethnogenesis gafee ọtụtụ narị afọ mere ka ụfọdụ obodo dị n'obodo ndị dị ka Bobo-Dioulasso, Odienné na Kong nabata akara ahụ dị ka otu n'ime njirimara agbụrụ ha. [6][7] ndị [8] na-asụ ụdị Dyula nwere àgwà ndị a na'ahụkarị nke na-eme ka ọ dị iche na ụdị asụsụ Jula nke mmadụ na-anụ n'ahịa n'ọtụtụ Burkina Faso na Côte d'Ivoire. [1] [2] [3]

Ka oge na-aga, e jikwa okwu ahụ mee ihe maka nsụgharị Bambara dị mfe, nke sitere na Mali, gwakọta ya na ihe ndị Maninka. ghọrọ asụsụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Manding na Ivory Coast na-eji okwu mkparị 'Tagbusikan' na-ezo aka n'asụsụ a dị mfe, ebe ha na-akpọ asụsụ nke ha 'Konyakakan', 'Odiennekakan' ma ọ bụ 'Maukakan'. Mgbasa nke ọtụtụ nde ndị ọrụ si Sahel mere ka ojiji nke Dyula na Ivory Coast dịkwuo elu n'ihi mkpa nke asụsụ. Ọtụtụ ndị Burkinabe mụtara Dyula mgbe ha nọ na Ivory Coast ma gbasaa ya n'ụlọ. [2], 61% nke ndị bi na Ivory Coast na ihe dị ka 35% nke Burkinabe na-eji Dyula eme ihe ma ọ dịkarịa ala ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ (karịsịa ndị bi na ndịda ma ọ bụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba ahụ). [1]

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

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Mkpụrụ okwu

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Akpụkpọ ahụ Alveolar Palatal Velar Mkpịsị aka
Ụgbọ imi m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive enweghị olu p t c k
kwuru okwu b d ɟ ɡọ
Ihe na-esiri ike enweghị olu f s h
kwuru okwu v z
Rhotic r
Ihe atụ l j w

Mkpụrụedemede

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ihu Central Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ i u
N'etiti etiti na o
N'etiti oghere Ọ bụ Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya
Emeghe a

Edensibia

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mere ka ojiji nke Dyula na Ivory Coast dịkwuo elu n'ihi mkpa nke asụsụ. Ọtụtụ ndị Burkinabe mụtara Dyula mgbe ha nọ na Ivory Coast ma gbasaa ya n'ụlọ. , 61% nke ndị bi na Ivory Coast na ihe dị ka 35% nke Burkinabe na-eji Dyula eme ihe ma ọ dịkarịa ala ruo n'ókè

  1. ↑ Dyula at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Werthmann (2005). "Wer sind die Dyula?: Ethnizität und Bürgerkrieg in der Côte d'Ivoire" (in de). Afrika Spectrum 40 (2): 221–140. Werthmann, Katja (2005). [Who are the Dyula?: Ethnicity and Civil War in the Côte d'Ivoire] (PDF). Afrika Spectrum (in German). Hamburg: Institut für Afrika-Forschung. 40 (2): 221–140. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2010.
  3. ↑ Wilks, Ivor. 2000. “The Juula and the Expansion of Islam into the Forest.” In The History of Islam in Africa, edited by Nehema Levtzion and Randell Pouwels, 93–115. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.
  4. ↑ Wilks, Ivor. 1968. “The Transmission of Islamic Learning in the Western Sudan.” In Literacy in Traditional Societies, edited by Jack Goody, 162–97. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  5. ↑ Sanogo, Mamadou Lamine. 2003. “L’ethnisme jula: origines et évolution d’un groupe ethnolinguistique dans la boucle du Niger.” In Burkina Faso, Cents Ans d’Histoire, 1895-1995, edited by Yénouyaba Georges Madiéga, 369–79. Paris, France: Karthala.
  6. ↑ Braconnier, C. 1999. Dictionnaire du dioula d’Odienné: parler de Samatiguila. Paris: Documents de Linguistique Africaine.
  7. ↑ Sangaré, Aby. 1984. “Dioula de Kong : Côte d’Ivoire.” Doctoral Dissertation, Grenoble: Université de Grenoble.
  8. ↑ Donaldson (2013-10-01). "Jula Ajami in Burkina Faso: A Grassroots Literacy in the Former Kong Empire". Working Papers in Educational Linguistics (WPEL) 28 (2). ISSN 1548-3134. 

Akwụkwọ

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  • National Commission of Burkina Faso Languages - Sub-commission du Dioula, Guide de transcription du Dioule, Burkina Faso, 2003
  • National Commission of Burkina Faso Languages - Sub-commission National du Dioula, Règles orthographiques du Dioule, Ouagadougou, Swiss Cooperation, 1999, 69
  • Moussa Coulibaly na Haraguchi Takehiko, Dioula Lexique, Institute of Developing Economies, 1993 (gụọ n'ịntanetị [ihe ndekọ])
  • Maurice Delafosse, Vocabulaires comparatifs de plus de 60 langues ou dialectes parlés à la Côte d'Ivoire et dans les régions gbara ya gburugburu, Paris, E. Leroux, 1904, 284
  • Maurice Delafosse, Essai de manuel pratique de la langue mandé ou mandingue. Nnyocha nke akwụkwọ ntuziaka bara uru nke asụsụ Mandé ma ọ bụ Mandinka. Nnyocha ụtọ asụsụ nke olumba Dyoula. Akwukwo okwu French-dyoula. Akụkọ Samori na-achị Nnyocha e jiri tụnyere asụsụ ndị isi Mandé, Paris, mbipụta nke INALCO, 1904, 304
  • Mohamadou Diallo, o 37, 2001, 9-31
  • Mamadou Lamine Sanogo (masters thesis, nke Bakary Coulibaly lekọtara), Les syntagmes nominaux du jula véhiculaire, Mahadum Ouagadougou, 1991, 81
  • Mamadou Lamine Sanogo (DEA thesis, nke Bakary Coulibaly na-elekọta), Approche définitoire du jula véhiculaire, Mahadum nke Ouagadougou, 1992, 79
  • Mamadou Lamine Sanogo, Tons, akụkụ na iwu mgbanwe na jula, Mandenkan, Paris, o 30, 1995, 41-54
  • Mamadou Lamine Sanogo (University of Rouen thesis, supervised by Claude Caitucoli (URA-CNRS 1164)), National Languages, Vehicle Languages, Government Language and GLOPolitics au Burkina Faso, 1996, 832
  • Mamadou Lamine Sanogo, Tian Ihe ndabere sayensị nke iwu ederede orthographic: okpukpu abụọ nke ụdaume ikpeazụ nke akọwapụtara na jula, Akwụkwọ CERLESHS, Mahadum nke Ouagadougou, o 16, 1999, 127-144
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
  • Mamadou Lamine Sanogo, ♡ agbụrụ jula: mmalite na ọganihu nke otu agbụrụ na asụsụ na gburugburu Niger, na Y. G. Madiéga na O. Nao, 1, 2003, 370-379
  • Mamadou Lamine Sanogo, ̊ Banyere ihe owuwu nke okwu zuru ezu na dioula ̊, Cahiers du CERLESHS, University of Ouagadougou, o 20, 2003, 179-211
  • Mamadou Lamine Sanogo, n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na asụsụ ndị na-esite na ya pụta n'asụsụ Dioula, Cahiers du CERLESHS, University of Ouagadougou, o 1* er mbipụta pụrụ iche, June 2003, 221-223
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
  • Y. Person, Samori: Une révolution dyula, 1, Dakar, IFAN, Mémoires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, 1968
  • Y. Person, Samori: Une révolution dyula, 2, Dakar, IFAN, Mémoires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, 1970
  • Y. Person, Samori: Une révolution dyula, 3, Dakar, IFAN, Mémoires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, 1975

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