Asụsụ German na Namibia
| Namibian German Namsläng | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Namibia | |
| Total speakers: | ||
| Language family: | Ahendurufi Germanic Namibian German | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | — | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Namibia bụ mba na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ ebe a ghọtara German dị ka Asụsụ mba. [1] bụ ezie na Bekee bụ naanị asụsụ gọọmentị nke mba ahụ kemgbe 1990, n'ọtụtụ ebe nke mba ahụ, German nwere ọnọdụ gọọmentị na mpaghara obodo. A makwaara ụdị German dị iche iche dị ka Namdeutsch.
A na-eji German eme ihe karịsịa na etiti na ndịda Namibia ma bụrụ ruo 1990 otu n'ime asụsụ atọ gọọmentị na South West Africa, n'Asụsụ Afrikaans na Bekee, asụsụ German abụọ ọzọ na Namibia. German bụ asụsụ nne nke ndị German Namibians yana ndị okenye ojii na-asụ Black German na Black Namibians bụ ndị toro na German Democratic Republic (East Germany) n'ime iri afọ ikpeazụ nke Agha Nzuzo. Akwụkwọ akụkọ German Namibian Allgemeine Zeitung na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya na-ezo aka na ndị na-asụ asụsụ na ọtụtụ ndị Namibia maara German dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ ma ọ bụ nke atọ. German na-erite uru site na myirịta ya na Afrikaans ma nwee ọnọdụ a ma ama na njem nleta na ngalaba azụmahịa. ihe okike nke Namibia, aha ebe na aha okporo ámá nwere aha German.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'oge ala ahụ bụ nke Germany na-achị site na 1884 ruo 1915, German bụ naanị asụsụ gọọmentị na German Southwest Africa, dịka a maara Namibia n'oge ahụ. Ndị Boer, ya bụ ndị ọcha South Africa na-asụ Dutch (South African Dutch ga-emecha ghọọ Afrikaans) ebiela na mba ahụ n'akụkụ agbụrụ Orlam na agbụrụ Rehoboth Basters.
Saụt Afrịka weghaara ọchịchị nke mba ahụ na 1915. Agbanyeghị, ihe ùgwù asụsụ German na agụmakwụkwọ nọgidere na-aga n'ihu. N'afọ 1916, e guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ Allgemeine Zeitung n'okpuru aha mbụ ya bụ Der Kriegsbote. Mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ biri, àgwà South Africa n'ebe ndị German Namibians nọ gbanwere, n'etiti 1919 na 1920 a kpọpụrụ ihe dị ka ọkara nke ndị Germany na mba ahụ. Na 1920 Dutch (nke Afrikaans mechara dochie) na Bekee dochie German dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị nke mba ahụ.
Ndị [2]-asụ German chọrọ ka e weghachite German dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị na 1932 Nkwekọrịta nke Cape Town gbara South Africa ume ime otú ahụ. A na-atụ anya na nke a ga-eme ka ọrụ megide South Africa na-etinye South West Africa n'ime Union of South Africa. Saụt Afrịka anabataghị German n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro; Otú ọ dị, a gbakwunyere German n'ezie na Afrikaans na Bekee dị ka asụsụ ọrụ nke gọọmentị. N'afọ 1984, a gbakwunyere German dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị.
Mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị na 1990, Bekee ghọrọ naanị asụsụ gọọmentị nke Namibia. Ọ bụ ezie na German tụfuru ọnọdụ ya, a na-anọgide na-eji ya eme ihe na ndụ Namibia kwa ụbọchị.
Omenala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-eji German eme ihe maka nkwurịta okwu kwa ụbọchị na Namibia, dị ka n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Chọọchị, Akwụkwọ, Redio na telivishọn, Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi, Hitradio, TV Provider Satelio, Music Online media, ma forums na akwụkwọ akụkọ n'ịntanetị [3]
Ojiji ndị ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe ịrịba ama[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe ịrịba ama maka ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ọrụ na-adịkarị n'asụsụ Bekee na German, na-egosipụta ọ bụghị naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ndị nwe German-Namibian kamakwa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị njem nleta na-asụ German na-eleta mba ahụ. Otú ọ dị, onye ahịa na-abanye n'ụlọ ahịa dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ onye a nabatara n'asụsụ Afrikaans; ihe ịrịba ama ole na ole dị na Afrikaans mana asụsụ ahụ na-anọ n'ọnọdụ dị mkpa dị ka asụsụ a na-asụ na Windhoek na mpaghara etiti na ndịda nke mba ahụ.
A na-ahụkwa German na ihe ịrịba ama maka ndị njem nleta, ọkachasị ndị na-ahụ ihe ncheta na ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'oge ọchịchị ndị Germany. Ihe ịrịba ama ndị ọzọ gụnyere German malitere tupu 1990, mgbe Bekee, Afrikaans na German nwekọrọ ọnọdụ dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị nke mba ahụ.
Aha ebe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[4]'adịghị ka akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa nwere ọtụtụ ndị Germany na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke aha ebe ndị Germany, ọ bụ naanị ebe ole na ole gbanwere aha ha, dịka ọmụmaatụ Luhonono, nke bụbu Schuckmannsburg. Karịsịa n'ebe ndịda, na mpaghara Hardap na São Karas, ọtụtụ aha ebe bụ German ma ọ bụ Afrikaans. [5] atụ gụnyere Keetmanshoop (site na onye Germany na-emepụta ihe Johann Keetman [de] na okwu Afrikaans maka "olileanya", na Lüderitz, nke aha ya bụ onye ahịa Germany Adolf Lüderitz.
-
Ebe a na-eme achịcha Carstensen naOtjiwarongo -
Ihe ịrịba ama asụsụ abụọ naGrootfontein: Goethe St (reet) Gaussstr (aße)
Aha okporo ámá[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na Windhoek, Swakopmund, Keetmanshoop, Grootfontein na Lüderitz ọtụtụ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ aha okporo ámá bụ ndị Germany, ọ bụ ezie na mgbe 1990 gasịrị, a gbanwere aha ọtụtụ okporo ámá iji sọpụrụ ndị isi ojii Namibia, karịsịa ma ọ bụghị naanị site na SWAPO na-achị ugbu a. (Lee ihe atụ Ndepụta nke aha okporo ámá Swakopmund). Okporo ámá ndị a kpọrọ aha tupu afọ 1990 na-ejikarị "Str.", nkwụsịtụ ọkọlọtọ na German maka Straße, na n'asụsụ Afrikaans maka straat; okporo ámá ndị gbanwere aha kemgbe afọ 1990 na'ejikarị na "St.", na-egosi nkwụsịtụ Bekee maka "Street".
Aha ụlọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọtụtụ ụlọ na ihe owuwu ndị ọchịchị na-achị ha ka nwere aha German mbụ ha. Ihe atụ gụnyere ụlọ elu Windhoek Heinitzburg, Schwerinsburg na Sanderburg, Windhoek's Alte Feste (Old Fortress) na Reiterdenkmal (Equestrian Statue) echekwara n'ogige ya. Swakopmund nwekwara ọtụtụ ụlọ ka a maara site na aha German ha, dịka ọmụmaatụ Altes Gefängnis (Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Ochie).
German nke Namibia dị ka olumba [dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Asụsụ German dị ka a na-asụ na Namibia bụ nke a na-eji eme ka ọ dị mfe ma nabata ọtụtụ okwu sitere na Afrikaans, South African English, na Ovambo na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Bantu. A na-akpọ ụdị German a Südwesterdeutsch (German südwest, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, na-ezo aka na aha mbụ nke mba ahụ, South West Africa); ebe ndị na-eto eto na-akpọkwa ya Namsläng (ya bụ, slang Namibian) ma ọ bụ Namdeutsch.
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Onye isi ojii nke Namibia
- Asụsụ nke Namibia
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Deutsch in Namibia. Beilage der Allgemeinen Zeitung (18 July 2007). Archived from the original on 24 June 2008. Retrieved on 23 June 2008.
- ↑ 86-1932. www.klausdierks.com.
- ↑ Radke (2017). 'Lekker dieses namtal zu lesen. Ich hou davon.' Namdeutscher Sprachgebrauch in namibischer Onlinekommunikation (de). gm.winter-verlag.de 109–132. Retrieved on 2018-02-18.
- ↑ Nakale. "President divides Kavango into two", New Era, via allafrica.com, 9 August 2013. Alt URL
- ↑ von Schmettau. "Lüderitzbucht: Gründer- und Diamantenstadt", Allgemeine Zeitung, Tourismus Namibia monthly supplement, 28 February 2013, p. 6. (in de)
Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Marianne Zappen-Thomson: Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Namibia., Klaus-Hess-Verlag, Windhoek 2000, Àtụ:ISBN.
- Joe Pütz: Das grosse Dickschenärie. Peters Antiques, Windhoek Namibia 2001, Àtụ:ISBN.
- Erik Sell: Esisallesoreidt, Nam Släng - Deutsch, Deutsch - NAM Släng. EeS Records, Windhoek Namibia, 2009, Àtụ:ASIN.
- Deutsch na Namibia (DiN)
- Allgemeine Zeitung Windhoek
- Deutsch-Namibische Gesellschaft
- Deutsch Quellenverzeichnis bei http://www.edsnet.na/
- IFA: Deutsche Sprachpolitik: Takt oder Taktik? [<span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">permanent dead link</span>]
- IFA: Deutsche Sprachpolitik: Korrekt bis zur Selbstaufgabe
- Postcoloniale deutsche Literatur na Namibia (PDF faịlụ; 1.49 MB)