Asụsụ Mandinka

Mandinka
Mandinka
Mandinkoمَانْدِنْجَوْدِ; ; Ọdịdị
A mụrụ ya	Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, na Guinea
Ógbè	Casamance
Agbụrụ	Mandinka
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala	Nde 2.1 (2017-2022)
Ezinụlọ asụsụ	Niger-Congo? Mande Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Mande Manding Manding nke Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Mandinka; ; ; ; ;
Usoro ide ihe	Arabic, Latịn, N'Ko
Ọnọdụ gọọmentị
Asụsụ ndị ka nta a ma ama na;	Senegal
Koodu asụsụ
ISO 639-3	mnk
Glottolog	mand1436
Asụsụ	00-AAA-aa
	Isiokwu a nwere akara ụdaolu IPA. Enweghị nkwado nsụgharị kwesịrị ekwesị, ị nwere ike ịhụ Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Specials (Unicode block)">akara ajụjụ, igbe, ma ọ bụ akara ndị ọzọ kama mkpụrụedemede Unicode. Maka ntuziaka mmeghe na akara IPA, lee Help:IPA.

Onye na-ekwu okwu Mandinka, nke edere na Taiwan.

Asụsụ Mandinka (Mandi'nka kango; Ajami: مَانْدِينْكَا كَانْجَوْ), ma ọ bụ Mandingo, bụ Asụsụ Mande nke Ndị Mandinka nke Guinea, n'ebe ugwu Guinea-Bissau, mpaghara Casamance nke Senegal, na Gambia ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ndị isi na-asụ.

Mandinka bụ nke alaka Manding nke Mande ma ọ bụghị Bambara na Maninka / Malinké mana o nwere naanị ụdaume 5 kama 7. Ụdị dị iche iche a na-asụ na Gambia na Senegal na-ejikọta na ụda olu n'ihi ịdị nso ya na asụsụ ndị agbata obi na-abụghị ụda dị ka Wolof.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

M^[2] nọchitere anya ebe a site na ụdị dị iche iche a na-asụ na Casamance. E nwere obere ọdịiche dị iche iche.

Ụda[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mandinka nwere ụda abụọ, elu na ala. Aha ndị a na-agbanwebeghị bụ ụda dị elu na nkeji okwu niile ma ọ bụ ụda dị ala na nkeji okwu ọ bụla. Ntinye aka doro anya -o na-ewe ụda dị ala na aha ụda dị elu na ụda na-ada na aha ụda. Ọ na-ejikwa ụdaume ọ bụla dị mkpirikpi bu ụzọ, na-akpata ogologo /oo/ nke nwere ụda dị ala ma ọ bụ nke na-ada. Ọ na-em ka ụdaume dị elu (ii > io, uu > uo; 'ee' nhọrọ > ma ọ bụ eo ma ọ bụ ee) ma ọ bụ na-ejikọta onwe ya ('aa' na-anọgide aa) na-ahapụ naanị ụda ya:

Orthography[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-eji Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latịn na Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Arabic eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe maka Mandinka; nke mbụ bụ nke gọọmentị, mana a na-eji nke ikpeazụ eme ihe n"ọtụtụ ebe ma bụrụ nke okenye. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ejikarị usoro edemede pan-Manding, edemede N'Ko, nke e mepụtara na 1949, eme ihe na Guinea-Bissau, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Guinea, na n'obodo ndị dị n'ókè Ivory Coast na Mali. Tụkwasị ^[3] nke a, mkpụrụedemede Garay, nke e mepụtara maka Wolof, ejirila ya mee ihe ole na ole.

Na edemede Latin, c na-anọchite anya /t͡ʃ/, ŋ /ŋ/, na ñ /ɲ/; anaghị eji mkpụrụedemede v, x, z, na q. Vowels dị ka Spanish ma ọ bụ Italian ma na-agbakọta okpukpu abụọ iji gosipụta ogologo ma ọ bụ ịmata ọdịiche dị n'okwu ndị bụ homophones.

Ihe odide Arabic ana eji mkpụrụedemede ọzọ (ma e wezụga, na-adịkarịghị, akara ụdaume ọzọ maka e), mana a na-akpọ ụfọdụ n'ime mkpụrụedemede ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche na Arabic.

Mkpụrụ okwu Latin na Arabic kwekọrọ dị ka ndị a:

Arabic	Ihe omuma ihe omuma	ع	ب	na-ede	ط	Ọ bụ n'ezie	ج	ه	ح	خ	د	Onye na-eme ihe nkiri	S	She	ص	ث	ظ	Ọdịdị	ل	M	Ọ bụghị	na-eme ihe nkiri	ي	K	Ọ bụ ala
Latịn	('), aa, ee	(', na Madda ŋ)	b, p	t	t	t	c, j	h	h		d	r	s	s (sh)	s	s	s	f	l	m	n, ñ, ŋ	w	na	k, g	la

A naghị ejikarị mkpụrụedemede ndị dị na italiki eme ihe n'okwu Mandinka. A pụkwara iji ه (h) mee ihe iji gosipụta nkwụsị ikpeazụ, nke a na-adịghị ahụ na mkpụrụedemede Latin. A na-ejikarị akara ụdaume na mkpụrụedemede Arabic egosi mkpụrụedemede ŋ nke mkpụrụedemede Latin; lee n'okpuru ebe a. A naghị ejikarị mkpụrụedemede ndị dị na italiki eme ihe n'okwu Mandinka. A pụkwara iji ه (h) mee ihe iji gosipụta nkwụsị ikpeazụ, nke a na-adịghị ahụ na mkpụrụedemede Latin. A na-ejikarị akara ụdaume na mkpụrụedemede Arabic egosi mkpụrụedemede ŋ nke mkpụrụedemede Latin; lee n'okpuru ebe a.

Mkpụrụedemede ndị a kwekọrọ dị ka ndị a (a na-etinye akara ngosi n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ụdaume na Arabic):

Arabic	_	_ِ	Ọ bụ na	_	Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ	-ً	Ọdịdị mbụ	_ٌ	Ọdịdị	_ _ _	_ U
Latịn	a, e	i, e, ee	o, u	(enweghị ụdaume na-esote)	na	Ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ha bụrụ ndị ọzọ	Iŋ, eeŋ, n'afọ	oŋ, uŋ	aa	nke abụọ	oo, uu
Aha Mandinka nke akara Arabic:	Syra tilidiŋ;	Syra tilidiŋ duuma;	ŋoo biriŋ;	Sira murumuruliŋ;	tambi baa duuma;	Syra tilindiŋ fula;	Sira tilindiŋ duuma fula;	ŋoo biriŋ fula.

Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji obere Arabic 2 mee ihe iji gosipụta reduplication, a pụkwara iji hamza mee ihe dị ka ọ dị na Arabic iji gosipụta nkwụsị glottal n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Utu aha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Faama: "nna," "onye ndú," ma ọ bụ "eze"
Mansa (aha) : "sultan", "eze" ma ọ bụ "eze ukwu"

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Asụsụ Mande
Asụsụ Manding
Ndị Mandinka
Iwu

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na Ampari ghọtara Mombo, nke a yiri ka ọ bụ n'ihi na ha na-eleta mpaghara ahụ kwa afọ, ndị Mombo enweghịkwa ike ịghọta Ampari.

↑ Mandinka at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
↑ Maŋ Lafi Dramé (c. 2003) Parlons Mandinka
↑ Everson (26 April 2012). Preliminary proposal for encoding the Garay script in the SMP of the UCS. UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project)/International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved on 5 July 2015.

Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

R. T. Addis, A Study on the Writing of Mandinka in Arabic script, 1963.
Dramé, Man Lafi, Parlons Mandinka, L'Harmattan 2003 (n'asụsụ French)

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

ELAR archive nke Bainouk na isi asụsụ ya MandinkaBainouk na asụsụ ya bụ Mandinka
Ihe onwunwe Wolof na Mandinka, gụnyere ụtọ asụsụ na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu

[e26-1] Mandinka at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)

[2] Maŋ Lafi Dramé (c. 2003) Parlons Mandinka

[3] Everson (26 April 2012). Preliminary proposal for encoding the Garay script in the SMP of the UCS. UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project)/International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved on 5 July 2015.

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