Asụsụ Polci
| obere ụdị nke | Asụsụ ndịda Bauchi  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | Naijiria |
| ụmụ amaala ka | Ȯra Bawuchi, Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria) |
| Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO | 3 definitely endangered |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 6a Vigorous |
Polci (Pəlci, Posə) bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic nke Bauchi State, Nigeria. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ụyọkọ Barawa, nke bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ West Chadic.
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Asụsụ Polci bụ otu n'ime ụyọkọ asụsụ isii nke mpaghara Zaar nke alaka Barawa nke asụsụ Chadic. [1] Polci [2] Zul, Baram (Mbaram), Dir, Buli, Nyamzak/Langas, na Polci n'onwe ya.
Otu olumb a na-akpọ Luri nwere ike ịbụ olumba Polci, mana ọ bụghị ihe akaebe nke ọma.
Site na ozi a, K. Shimizu malitere na 1974 iji depụta asụsụ ndị dị na Southern Bauchi Group, iji nyochaa nkesa ala ha, na iji data asụsụ dị mma iji nweta nkewa. Nnyocha ahụ, nke e bipụtara na 1978 ma kpọọ ya Akụkọ nyocha nke South Bauchi Group of Chadic Languages bịara na nkwubi okwu na ọ bụghị asụsụ niile edepụtara n'okpuru olumba nke South Bauch Group nọ n'ebe ahụ ma wepụta nkewa ọhụrụ. Nke bụkwa ọrụ nke aha obere ìgwè Barawa sitere na ya, nke a chọpụtara na ọ bụ okwu a na-eji n'ógbè a iji gosipụta ndị na-asụ asụsụ a. Ọtụtụ n'ime nnyocha ndị e mere na asụsụ Barawa, ụyọkọ Polci, na Polci n'onwe ya na-eji nyocha a dị ka ihe dị mkpa.
N'afọ 1999, Ronald Cosper bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Barawa: Ndepụta okwu nke asụsụ asatọ South Bauchi (West Chadic): Boghom, Buli, Dott, Geji, Jimi, Polci, Sayanci na Zul. O weere ọtụtụ n'ime asụsụ ndị ahụ dị n'ihe ize ndụ ma chọpụta na ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị a na-asukwa asụsụ abụọ na Hausa, nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta na okwu na ụtọ asụsụ ha. Akwụkwọ ahụ nwere okwu 852 sitere n'asụsụ Barawa dị iche iche. A na-ahazi okwu ndị ahụ dabere na ụdị okwu na syntactic. [3] na-esochi adjectives, nọmba, nnọchiaha, prepositions, conjunctions na ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaa. Otú dị, ọrụ Cosper nwere nkwarụ siri ike.
Kemgbe ahụ, Bernard Caron, onye otu ngalaba na French National Centre for Scientific Research, LLACAN, duziri ọtụtụ nyocha na asụsụ South Bauchi West (B.3). Nnyocha Caron lekwasịrị anya na South Bauchi West na Polci cluster languages karịsịa. Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ya dị n'ịntanetị ma gụnye isiokwu ndị dị ka nhazi asụsụ, usoro syntactic dị ka ọnọdụ, na klas aha dị ka usoro nnọchiaha na nọmba.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mkpụrụ okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Polci nwere ụdaume ụdaume [3].
/ɓ/ na /ɗ/ bụ ụdaume implosive, nke a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ ndịda Sahara Africa.
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
| Plosive | Nri | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||||
| ala dị larịị | p | b | t | d | k | ɡọ | |||
| implosive | ɓ | ka | |||||||
| Africate | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | |||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | Nri | (ɱv) | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | |||||
| ala dị larịị | f | v | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | (x) | ɣ | |
| n'akụkụ | ɬ | Ọdịdị | |||||||
| Ihe atụ | w | l | j | ||||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||||
Mkpụrụedemede[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Polci nwere àgwà ụdaume isii, [3] nke a pụrụ ịkpọpụta dị mkpirikpi ma ọ bụ ogologo.
Mkpụrụedemede dị mkpirikpi: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /ə/, and /u/
Mkpụrụedemede ogologo: /aː/, /eː/, /iː/, /oː/, /əː/, and /uː/
| short | long | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| front | central | back | front | central | back | |
| close | Àtụ:IPAlink | Àtụ:IPAlink | iː | uː | ||
| mid | Àtụ:IPAlink | Àtụ:IPAlink | Àtụ:IPAlink | eː | əː | oː |
| open | Àtụ:IPAlink | aː | ||||
Ụda ụda[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Polci bụ asụsụ nwere ụda atọ: Low = à; Mid = a; High = á.[4]
Aha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ịdị ọtụtụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Polci, ebe ọ bụ asụsụ South Bauchi West, enweghị ụdị ụtọ asụsụ ma ọ bụ klas aha ma dị ka iwu, aha ole na ole na-emepụta ọtụtụ (morpho-lexical plural). A na-egosipụta ọnụọgụ dị n'ime NP (okwu aha) site na ndị na-agbanwe aha. Enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti ngwaa na arụmụka ya. Otú [5] dị, otutu na-apụta na ngwaa ahịrịokwu n'ebe abụọ: (i) mmepụta nke imperatives (ii) okwu sitere na ihe a na-akpọ pluractionals.
Aha nnọchiaha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| otu | ọtụtụ | |
|---|---|---|
| Onye nke mbụ | Mmiri | Nke a bụ eziokwu |
| Onye nke abụọ | kí | Nke a |
| Onye nke atọ | gị | wún |
Ọnụ ọgụgụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Polci has a decimal numeral system.
| 1. nɨ́m | 21. zì eriri ɬiyè ma ọ bụ nɨ̀m |
| 2. rǒp | 22. |
| 3. miyèn | 23. |
| 4. wupsɨ̀ | 24. zì eriri ɬiyè ma ọ bụ wupsɨ̀ |
| 5. O nwere ike ịbụ onye | 25. Isi eriri ɬiyè ni nə̀mtəm |
| 6. Ụgbọelu | 26. |
| 7. wusɨ̀rmìyen | 27. |
| 8. wɨsɨpsɨ̀ | 28. |
| 9. natoropsɨ̀ | 29. |
| 10. zup | 30. Ziz miyèn |
| 11. zup ɬiyè nɨ̀m | 40. Zịli wupsɨ̀ |
| 12. zup ɬiyè ròp | 50. Ezigbo ihe |
| 13. zup ɬiyè miyèn | 60. A na-eji agba gburugburu |
| 14. zup ɬiyè wupsɨ̀ | 70. Zizúzɨ̀rmìyen |
| 15. zup ɬiyè nə̀mtəm | 80. Ziz wɨsɨ̀ |
| 16. zup ɬiyè Airbuse | 90. Zịị na-eri anụ |
| 17. zup ɬiyè wusɨ̀rmìyen | 100. Ziz zup |
| 18. zup ɬiyè wɨsɨ̀ | 200. |
| 19. zup ɬiyè nətopsi | 1000. |
| 20. Ụdọ zì | 2000. |
Nchịkọta okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọnọdụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-ewere Ọnọdụ n'ozuzu ka ha na isiokwu na-ekerịta usoro ha. Otú ọ dị, n'asụsụ Chadic South Bauchi West, dị ka Polci, ọnọdụ na-ekerịta usoro ha na-elekwasị anya, ọ bụghị isiokwu. Na Polci kpọmkwem, ihe ndị a na-elekwasị anya na ahịrịokwu ndị nwere ọnọdụ na-apụta na mpụga aka ekpe nke akara ngosi copula /kʹn/ 'ọ bụ'. ].[7]
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Polci, ebe ọ bụ asụsụ South Bauchi West, enweghị ụdị ụtọ asụsụ ma ọ bụ klas aha ma dị ka iwu, aha ole na ole na-emepụta ọtụtụ (morpho-lexical plural). A na-egosipụta ọnụọgụ dị n'ime NP (okwu aha) site na ndị na-agbanwe aha. Enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti ngwaa na arụmụka ya. Otú dị, otutu na-apụta na ngwaa
- ↑ Blench (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages, 4th, Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ↑ Blench, 2006.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cosper, R. 1999: Barawa lexicon: A wordlist of eight South Bauchi (West Chadic) languages: Boghom, Buli, Dott, Geji, Jimi, Polci, Sayanci and Zul.
- ↑ Caron, B. 2005: Polci languages..
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Caron, B. 2011: Number in South-Bauchi-West Languages..
- ↑ Kraft, 2007.
- ↑ Caron, B. 206: Condition, topic and focus in African languages: why conditionals are not topics.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Caron, B. 2003: Barawa: Usoro nnọchiaha nke asụsụ South-Bauchi West Chadic. Akwụkwọ e gosipụtara na CIL 17, Prague.
- Caron, B. 2009: Nchịkọta asụsụ dị iche iche nke otu South-Bauchi. N'ebe asụsụ polylectal nke asụsụ Africa nọ. Hamburg, Germany
- Cosper, R. & Gital, G. 2004: Genitive Constructions in South Bauchi (West Chadic) Languages, Zul na Polchi, na Comparisons na Ancient Egyptian. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị Ijipt na Semito-Hamitic (Afro-Asiatic): In memoriam W. Vycichl. Leiden: Ọmarịcha
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Bernard Caron na Academia.edu
- Polci na Ọrụ Asụsụ Ndị Nweta Nri
- Okwu nke Ndụ - Akụkọ Bible na Polci na Global Recordings Network
- Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Polci