Asụsụ Polci

Asụsụ Polci

natural language, modern language

obere ụdị nke	Asụsụ ndịda Bauchi
mba/obodo	Naijiria
ụmụ amaala ka	Ȯra Bawuchi, Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)
Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO	3 definitely endangered
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue	6a Vigorous

 

Polci (Pəlci, Posə) bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic nke Bauchi State, Nigeria. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ụyọkọ Barawa, nke bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ West Chadic.

Asụsụ

Asụsụ Polci bụ otu n'ime ụyọkọ asụsụ isii nke mpaghara Zaar nke alaka Barawa nke asụsụ Chadic. Polci Zul, Baram (Mbaram), Dir, Buli, Nyamzak/Langas, na Polci n'onwe ya.

Otu olumb a na-akpọ Luri nwere ike ịbụ olumba Polci, mana ọ bụghị ihe akaebe nke ọma.

Site na ozi a, K. Shimizu malitere na 1974 iji depụta asụsụ ndị dị na Southern Bauchi Group, iji nyochaa nkesa ala ha, na iji data asụsụ dị mma iji nweta nkewa. Nnyocha ahụ, nke e bipụtara na 1978 ma kpọọ ya Akụkọ nyocha nke South Bauchi Group of Chadic Languages bịara na nkwubi okwu na ọ bụghị asụsụ niile edepụtara n'okpuru olumba nke South Bauch Group nọ n'ebe ahụ ma wepụta nkewa ọhụrụ. Nke bụkwa ọrụ nke aha obere ìgwè Barawa sitere na ya, nke a chọpụtara na ọ bụ okwu a na-eji n'ógbè a iji gosipụta ndị na-asụ asụsụ a. Ọtụtụ n'ime nnyocha ndị e mere na asụsụ Barawa, ụyọkọ Polci, na Polci n'onwe ya na-eji nyocha a dị ka ihe dị mkpa.

N'afọ 1999, Ronald Cosper bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Barawa: Ndepụta okwu nke asụsụ asatọ South Bauchi (West Chadic): Boghom, Buli, Dott, Geji, Jimi, Polci, Sayanci na Zul. O weere ọtụtụ n'ime asụsụ ndị ahụ dị n'ihe ize ndụ ma chọpụta na ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị a na-asukwa asụsụ abụọ na Hausa, nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta na okwu na ụtọ asụsụ ha. Akwụkwọ ahụ nwere okwu 852 sitere n'asụsụ Barawa dị iche iche. A na-ahazi okwu ndị ahụ dabere na ụdị okwu na syntactic. na-esochi adjectives, nọmba, nnọchiaha, prepositions, conjunctions na ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaa. Otú dị, ọrụ Cosper nwere nkwarụ siri ike.

Kemgbe ahụ, Bernard Caron, onye otu ngalaba na French National Centre for Scientific Research, LLACAN, duziri ọtụtụ nyocha na asụsụ South Bauchi West (B.3). Nnyocha Caron lekwasịrị anya na South Bauchi West na Polci cluster languages karịsịa. Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ya dị n'ịntanetị ma gụnye isiokwu ndị dị ka nhazi asụsụ, usoro syntactic dị ka ọnọdụ, na klas aha dị ka usoro nnọchiaha na nọmba.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụ okwu

Polci nwere ụdaume ụdaume .

/ɓ/ na /ɗ/ bụ ụdaume implosive, nke a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ ndịda Sahara Africa.

Tebụl 1: Mkpụrụ okwu Polci

		Akpụkpọ ahụ		Alveolar		Palatal		Velar
Ụgbọ imi			m		n				ŋ
Plosive	Nri		ᵐb		ⁿd				ᵑɡ
	ala dị larịị	p	b	t	d			k	ɡọ
	implosive		ɓ		ka
Africate				t͡s	d͡z	t͡ʃ	d͡ʒ
Ihe na-esiri ike	Nri		(ɱv)		ⁿz		ⁿʒ
	ala dị larịị	f	v	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	(x)	ɣ
	n'akụkụ			ɬ	Ọdịdị
Ihe atụ			w		l		j
Rhotic					r

Mkpụrụedemede

Polci nwere àgwà ụdaume isii, nke a pụrụ ịkpọpụta dị mkpirikpi ma ọ bụ ogologo.

Mkpụrụedemede dị mkpirikpi: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /ə/, and /u/

Mkpụrụedemede ogologo: /aː/, /eː/, /iː/, /oː/, /əː/, and /uː/

Table 2: Polci Vowels

	short			long
	front	central	back	front	central	back
close	Templeeti:IPAlink		Templeeti:IPAlink	iː		uː
mid	Templeeti:IPAlink	Templeeti:IPAlink	Templeeti:IPAlink	eː	əː	oː
open		Templeeti:IPAlink			aː

Ụda ụda

Polci bụ asụsụ nwere ụda atọ: Low = à; Mid = a; High = á.

Aha

Ịdị ọtụtụ

Polci, ebe ọ bụ asụsụ South Bauchi West, enweghị ụdị ụtọ asụsụ ma ọ bụ klas aha ma dị ka iwu, aha ole na ole na-emepụta ọtụtụ (morpho-lexical plural). A na-egosipụta ọnụọgụ dị n'ime NP (okwu aha) site na ndị na-agbanwe aha. Enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti ngwaa na arụmụka ya. Otú dị, otutu na-apụta na ngwaa ahịrịokwu n'ebe abụọ: (i) mmepụta nke imperatives (ii) okwu sitere na ihe a na-akpọ pluractionals.

Aha nnọchiaha

Tebụl 3: Polci Independent Pronouns

	otu	ọtụtụ
Onye nke mbụ	Mmiri	Nke a bụ eziokwu
Onye nke abụọ	kí	Nke a
Onye nke atọ	gị	wún

Ọnụ ọgụgụ

Polci has a decimal numeral system.

Tebụl 4: Usoro nọmba Polci

1. nɨ́m	21. zì eriri ɬiyè ma ọ bụ nɨ̀m
2. rǒp	22.
3. miyèn	23.
4. wupsɨ̀	24. zì eriri ɬiyè ma ọ bụ wupsɨ̀
5. O nwere ike ịbụ onye	25. Isi eriri ɬiyè ni nə̀mtəm
6. Ụgbọelu	26.
7. wusɨ̀rmìyen	27.
8. wɨsɨpsɨ̀	28.
9. natoropsɨ̀	29.
10. zup	30. Ziz miyèn
11. zup ɬiyè nɨ̀m	40. Zịli wupsɨ̀
12. zup ɬiyè ròp	50. Ezigbo ihe
13. zup ɬiyè miyèn	60. A na-eji agba gburugburu
14. zup ɬiyè wupsɨ̀	70. Zizúzɨ̀rmìyen
15. zup ɬiyè nə̀mtəm	80. Ziz wɨsɨ̀
16. zup ɬiyè Airbuse	90. Zịị na-eri anụ
17. zup ɬiyè wusɨ̀rmìyen	100. Ziz zup
18. zup ɬiyè wɨsɨ̀	200.
19. zup ɬiyè nətopsi	1000.
20. Ụdọ zì	2000.

Nchịkọta okwu

Ọnọdụ

A na-ewere Ọnọdụ n'ozuzu ka ha na isiokwu na-ekerịta usoro ha. Otú ọ dị, n'asụsụ Chadic South Bauchi West, dị ka Polci, ọnọdụ na-ekerịta usoro ha na-elekwasị anya, ọ bụghị isiokwu. Na Polci kpọmkwem, ihe ndị a na-elekwasị anya na ahịrịokwu ndị nwere ọnọdụ na-apụta na mpụga aka ekpe nke akara ngosi copula /kʹn/ 'ọ bụ'. ].

Edensibia

Polci, ebe ọ bụ asụsụ South Bauchi West, enweghị ụdị ụtọ asụsụ ma ọ bụ klas aha ma dị ka iwu, aha ole na ole na-emepụta ọtụtụ (morpho-lexical plural). A na-egosipụta ọnụọgụ dị n'ime NP (okwu aha) site na ndị na-agbanwe aha. Enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti ngwaa na arụmụka ya. Otú dị, otutu na-apụta na ngwaa

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

• Caron, B. 2003: Barawa: Usoro nnọchiaha nke asụsụ South-Bauchi West Chadic. Akwụkwọ e gosipụtara na CIL 17, Prague.
• Caron, B. 2009: Nchịkọta asụsụ dị iche iche nke otu South-Bauchi. N'ebe asụsụ polylectal nke asụsụ Africa nọ. Hamburg, Germany
• Cosper, R. & Gital, G. 2004: Genitive Constructions in South Bauchi (West Chadic) Languages, Zul na Polchi, na Comparisons na Ancient Egyptian. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị Ijipt na Semito-Hamitic (Afro-Asiatic): In memoriam W. Vycichl. Leiden: Ọmarịcha

Njikọ mpụga

• Bernard Caron na Academia.edu
• Polci na Ọrụ Asụsụ Ndị Nweta Nri
• Okwu nke Ndụ - Akụkọ Bible na Polci na Global Recordings Network
• Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Polci