Asụsụ ndị Sudan

Asụsụ ndị Sudan

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Usòrò:Westermann 1911 Sudansprachen cover.jpg

Akwụkwọ Westermann dere na 1911 bụ Die Sudansprachen.

Na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 nke nhazi asụsụ Africa, Sudanic bụ okwu a na-asụ na Sahel belt, site na Etiopia n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo Senegal n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

Ebe ọ dị

Nchịkọta ahụ dabere na ala na ihe ụdị na-enweghị isi. Otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ya bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ German bụ Carl Meinhof. Meinhof anọwo na-arụ ọrụ n'Asụsụ Bantu, nke nwere usoro aha dị iche iche, ọ na-akpọkwa asụsụ niile na-abụghị na Hamito-Semitic ma ọ bụ Bushman nke na-enweghị usoro aha Sudan. E nwere isi alaka abụọ; Eastern Sudanic bụ nke Nilo-Saharan sans Nilotic, na Western Sudanic na Niger-Congo sans Bantu.

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

Asụsụ Sudan kwekọrọ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na Nilo-Saharan na Niger-Congo A na map a.

Westermann, nwa akwụkwọ nke Carl Meinhof, mere nyocha asụsụ na asụsụ Sudan n'oge ahụ n'oge ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. N'ọmụmụ ihe ya na 1911, o guzobere nkewa dị n'etiti 'East' na 'West' Sudan, nke a pụrụ iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị na Niger-Congo na Nilo-Saharan taa. Nkwekọrịta ya na Hermann Baumann na 1927 lekwasịrị anya n'ịrụzigharị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke alaka West Sudanic. O jiri nsonaazụ ya tụnyere nrụzigharị Proto-Bantu nke Meinhof mana o kwughị nkwubi okwu doro anya na ha nwere njikọ, ikekwe n'ihi nkwanye ùgwù maka onye nkuzi ya. Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ French dị ka Delafosse na Homburger, ndị nchegbu dị otú ahụ na-egbochi, doro anya banyere ịdị n'otu nke West Sudanic na Bantu, karịsịa na ndabere nke data lexicostatistical. N'akwụkwọ ya nke 1935 "Character und Einteilung der Sudansprachen", Westermann gosipụtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Bantu na West Sudanic. Nke a gosipụtara mmalite nke nguzobe ezinụlọ Niger-Congo, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ruo 1963 ka nhazi Greenberg nke asụsụ Africa siri ike ma mee ka echiche nke Niger-Cong bụrụ ihe a ma ama.

Naịl na Sahara

Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ gụnyere Christopher Ehret ejirila okwu "Sudanic" kpọmkwem n'ime ihe gbasara Nilo-Saharan na-ezo aka na clade (otu monophyletic) n'ime usoro Nilo-Daharan sara mbara. Dị ka Ehret si kwuo, Sudanic bụ otu n'ime alaka abụọ bụ isi nke Nilo-Saharan, nke ọzọ bụ Komuz (nke ọ gbanwere aha ya bụ Koman).

Hụkwa

• Asụsụ Congo-Sahara
• Asụsụ ndị Sudan nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
• Asụsụ Mande
• Asụsụ Naịl na Sahara
• Asụsụ Niger-Congo

Ihe edeturu na ntụaka

 

Ihe odide

• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ntụziaka Nilo-Sahara nke Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme (Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika SUGIA, Beiheft 12). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.  
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] The Languages of Africa (International Journal of American Linguistics 29.1). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
• Homburger, L. (1929) Aha akụkụ ahụ n'asụsụ Negro-Africaines, Paris: Champion.
• Westermann, Diedrich Hermann (1911) Die Sudansprachen: eine sprachgleichverende Studie.
• Westermann, Diedrich Hermann & Baumann, Hermann (1927) Die westlichen Sudansprachen und ihre Beziehungen zu Bantu.
• Westermann, Diedrich Hermann (1935) 'Charakter und Einteilung der Sudansprachen', Afrịka, 8, peeji nke 129-148. 

Àtụ:Central Sudanic languages. E nwere isi alaka abụọ; Eastern Sudanic bụ nke Nilo-Saharan sans Nilotic, na Western Sudanic na Niger . E nwere isi alaka abụọ; Eastern Sudanic bụ nke Nilo-Saharan sans Nilotic, na Western Sudanic na NigerÀtụ:Eastern Sudanic languages