Asụsụ Koman
| obere ụdị nke | Asụsụ Naịl na Sahara  |
|---|
Asụsụ Koman bụ obere ezinụlọ asụsụ ndị dị n'ókè Ethiopia na Sudan nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ ya 50,000. A na-ahazi ha dị ka akụkụ nke ezinụlọ Nilo-Sahara. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ụkọ ihe akaebe, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-emeso ya dị ka ezinụlọ asụsụ kwụụrụ onwe ya. N'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta na-anabata itinye ya n'ime Nilo-Sahara, echiche dịgasị iche iche banyere ọnọdụ ha n'ime ya.
Asụsụ Koman dị na Etiopia na asụsụ Omotic Mao nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya. [1]'Etiopia, ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Koman na-ewere onwe ha dị ka ndị agbụrụ Mao.
Nchịkọta n'ime
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ Koman bụ:
- Koman
- Uduk, or T’wampa, (formerly in South Sudan)—about 20,000 speakers, most at a large refugee camp at Bonga, near Gambela
- Kwama (Ethiopia)—about 15,000 speakers, mainly in Benishangul-Gumuz
- Komo (Sudan)—about 12,000 speakers mainly in An Nil al Azraq
- Opuuo (Opo), or Shita (Ethiopia)—spoken in 5 villages north of the Nuer by about 5,000 people
- Dana, a newly discovered language located near Opo
- ?Gule (Sudan)—extinct
Asụsụ Shabo a na-amaghị nke ọma (ndị na-asụ ya 600) na-egosi mmetụta Koman siri ike, a tụwokwa aro (na obere ihe akaebe) na ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ Koman. A na-ahazi Gule dị ka Koman, mana ihe akaebe ezughi oke.
Otero (2019)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchịkọta nke Koman nke Otero (2019: 28) [2]
Nchịkọta mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dimmendaal (2008) na-ekwu na ihe akaebe na-arịwanye elu nke ụtọ asụsụ emeela ka atụmatụ Nilo-Sahara dị ka ihe zuru oke ebe ọ bụ na Greenberg tụrụ aro ya na 1963 mana ihe akaebe dị otú ahụ abịaghị maka Songhay, Gumuz, na Koman ma ọ bụ asụsụ dị ugbu a: "Ọ bụ ihe akaebe ole na ole n'ime aha na okwu ọdịdị ọdịdị ọdịnala nke Nilo-Damọs na Gumuz ...
Ihe owuwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][2]Lionel Bender (1983) [3] na Otero (2019) wughachila Proto-Koman.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntụnyere nke ọnụọgụ n'asụsụ ọ bụla: [4]
| Language | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komo (1) | ɗɛ́ | sʊ | dìʃ | dɔɡɔ̀n | bùsʼ | káná ɡɪ ɗɛ́ (? + 1) | káná á sʊ (? + 2) | káná á dìʃ (? + 3) | káná á dɔɡɔ̀n (? + 4) | kʼɔ́ʃ kʼɔ̀lɔ̀ |
| Komo (2) | ɗe(d) / ɗɛʔ (SIL) | suʔin / sʊʔ (SIL) | dícin / dǐʃǐn (SIL) | dōɡɔne(n) / dɔ̄ɣɔ́n (SIL) | busín / bʊ̀sʼín (SIL) | kɛnɡɪɗe / kàːnaɡǐɗɛ́ (SIL) | kɛnnɛsɔ / kàːnàsʊʔ (SIL) | kɛnnɛdiʃ / kàːnàdɪʃ (SIL) | kɛnnɛdɔɡɔn / káːndɔ̀ɡɔ̀n (SIL) | kɔʃinkwolo / kʼɔ́ʃkʼɔ̀lɔ̀ (SIL) |
| Gwama (Kwama) (1) | sóndò /sɛ́ːnɛ́ /sɛ́ːsʼkìn | sùjá | twásɛ̀n | béːsʼìn | kúːmùtʼ | kúbà-sèːn ('takes/lends/brings one') | kúbá-sùjá ('takes/lends/brings two') | kúbà-twásɛ̄n ('takes/lends/br. three') | kúb-béːsʼín ('takes/lends/brings four') | kʼúːzí (lit: 'fingers') |
| Gwama (Kwama) (2) | sɛ́ɛ́kʼín | swíjá | twàsɛ́n | béésʼín | kómòtʼ | kúpà-sɛ́n (litː ? + 1) | kúpà-swíjá (litː ? + 2) | kúpà-twàsɛ̄n (litː ? + 3) | kúpà-béésʼín (litː ? + 4) | kʼoosʼi |
| Kwama (Asosa) (3) | seːko ~ se:ndo / ʔāˈsɛ́n~ ʔāsɛ́l (SIL) | siːya / ˈsíjá (SIL) | twazan ~ twasan / ˈtʷāsán (SIL) | mbisiːna ~ beːsen / bēːsīn (SIL) | kʷʊmbut ~ kombɔt / ˈkʰūːmùt (SIL) | kʊmpasɛnde / ˈkōbāsín (SIL) | kʊmpa-siːya / kōbə̄ˈsìa (SIL) | kʊmpa-twasən / kōbə̄ˈtʷàsɪn (SIL) | kʊmpa-n-beːsina / kōˈbeːéːsīn (SIL) | kʊʃʊmbiːt ~kwuːzia / ˈkūːzi (SIL) |
| Opuuo (Tʼapo) (3) | ɗɛ̄n~dɛ̄ (contraction) | sʊ̄kʼá | tùsù | ʍàn | mùtá-kʼʊ̄j (litː 'be.full-hand') | kān-ɪ́-ɗɛ̄, contraction, (lit: five-ASC-one / five-ASC-one) | kān-ɪ́-sʊ̄kʼá (litː' five-ASC-two') | kān-ɪ́-tùsù (litː' five-ASC-three') | kān-ɪ́-ʍàn (litː' five-ASC-four') | kʼʊ̄j-ā-sʊ̄kʼ-ɛ́n (litː 'hand-LOC-two- 3N.POSS') |
| Opuuo (Shita) (4) | ɗán / ɗíán | sùkʼá | tùsú | hwán | mùtá-kʼʷèj (litː 'one hand') | kánè-ɗéé | kánè-sùkʼá | kánè-tùsú | kánè-hʷán | mútá-kʼʷùjá-sùkʼén ('two hands') |
| Opuuo (Shita) (5) | diʃeɗe | ʃuka / cuka | tuʃu / tusu | hwan / ŋwan | mutaːkwei (one hand) ? | kane-ɗe | kane-ʃuka | kane-tūʃū | kane-hwān | muta-kweya-ʃuka-yen (two hands) ? |
| Uduk (Twampa) (1) | ɗéʔ | súʔ | kʷārā | dòŋ(ɡ)òn | múd̻èɗ (lit: 'hand closed') | múd̻èɗ pé ɗéʔ (5+ 1) | múd̻èɗ pé súʔ (5+ 2) | múd̻èɗ pé(ŋ) kʷārā (5+ 3) | múd̻èɗ pé dòŋ(ɡ)òn (5+ 4) | ʼkúmèɗ |
| Uduk (2) | ɗe | suʔ | kwara | doŋon | mudheɗ (lit: hand closed) | (mudheɗ) peɗe (5+ 1) | (mudheɗ) pesuʔ (5+ 2) | (mudheɗ) pekwara (5+ 3) | (mudheɗ) pedoŋon (5+ 4) | kumeɗ |
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta nke Proto-Koman reconstructions (Wiktionary)
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Greenberg tụrụ aro ya na 1963 mana ihe akaebe dị otú ahụ abịaghị maka Songhay, Gumuz, na Koman ma ọ bụ asụsụ dị ugbu a: "Ọ bụ ihe aka
- ↑ Küspert (2015). "The Mao and Komo Languages in the Begi–Tongo area in Western Ethiopia: Classification, Designations, Distribution" 13 (1). DOI:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.447.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Otero, Manuel Alejandro. 2019. A Historical Reconstruction of the Koman Language Family. Doctoral thesis. Department of Linguistics, University of Oregon.
- ↑ Bender, Lionel. 1983. "Proto-Koman Phonology and Lexicon." Afrika und Übersee 66: 259–298.
- ↑ Chan (2019). The Nilo-Saharan Language Phylum. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.