Deolinda Rodrigues
Deolinda Rodrigues Francisco de Almeida (nom de guerre, Langidila; [1] aha nsọpụrụ, "Nne nke Mgbanwe"; 10 February 1939 - 2 Maachị 1967) [2] bụ onye mba Angolan, onye agha, onye edemede na onye ntụgharị okwu, onye bụkwa onye ntụgharị. kụziri, dee abụ, ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta redio. N'ịbụ onye a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ Methodist, ọ nwetara ohere ịgụ akwụkwọ na Brazil, ebe o si na Martin Luther King Jr na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi n'ịtụ egwu ịchụpụ, ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na United States tupu ọ laghachi Angola. Rodrigues bụ onye otu ndị People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) wee kwadoo nku ụmụ nwanyị ya, Organização da Mulher de Angola (Organization of Angolan Women; OMA). Otu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị jichiri ya, mekpaa ya ahụ́ ma gbuo ya na 1967. E wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere ndụ ya n’afọ 2014.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Deolinda Rodrigues Francisco de Almeida na Catete, Angola, na 10 February 1939. Ndị nne na nna Methodist ya bụ ndị nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ bụkwa nwata, ya na ụmụnne anọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere nwanne nwoke, Roberto Francisco de Almeida. . [1]
Ọ kwagara Luanda ma soro nwa nwanne nna ya, bụ onye na-ede uri Agostinho Neto, bụ onye gara n'ihu na-abụ onyeisi oche mbụ nke Angola.[4] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ozi ala ọzọ Methodist ma kụzie ide na nsụgharị mgbe ọ ka bụ nwata nwanyị, ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị afọ ndị 1950, ọ malitere ịjụ àgwà nna nke ma gọọmenti na chọọchị. [4][7]
N'afọ 1956, Rodrigues sonyeere MPLA dị ka onye ntụgharị.[7] Mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na-amụ banyere mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Metọdist nke São Paulo na 1959, ya na Martin Luther King Jr. na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi. [2][3] N'ịtụ egwu na a ga-esi na Brazil wepụ ya n'ihi mmekọrịta Portuguese Imperial n'etiti ndị ọ na-achị na nkwado ya maka mmegharị nke nnwere onwe Angola, Rodrigues kwagara United States n'afọ sochirinụ wee gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Drew. [9] N'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịbụ onye na-ekere òkè na nnwere onwe Angola, Rodríguez laghachiri Angola n'agwụchaghị akwụkwọ ya.[4]
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1961, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ sonye na mwakpo MPLA na "Fortalesa", mgbe e mesịrị nweta aha nsọpụrụ nke "Nne nke Mgbanwe ahụ".[10] Rodrigues gara Guinea-Bissau na Congo Kinshasa, ebe o guzobere Organização da Mulher de Angola (Organization of Angolan Women; OMA), nkewa ụmụ nwanyị nke MPLA.[11] Ọ natara ọzụzụ ndị agha okpuru na Kabinda, wee sonye na Esquadrão Kamy. Ọ laghachiri Angola n'afọ 1962. Dị ka onye ndú na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe, ọ gbara mbọ maka ikike mmadụ na Angola, ma jikọta ya na Corpo Voluntário Angolano de Assistência aos Refugiados (CVAAR). [9] N'afọ 1963, gọọmentị chụpụrụ ndị isi MPLA, na-amanye ha ịgbaga Brazzaville.[4] Ihe odide ya site n'oge ahụ na-egosi mmụba na-aga n'ihu na Marxism-Leninism na mmata na-egbu mgbu na ịbụ nwanyị ya mere ka a ghara ịhụ ya anya n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ akụkụ nke ndị ndu. [12][13] O kwupụtara nkụda mmụọ ya na ịkpa ókè ọ chere ihu maka enweghị ụlọ ya, na-ekwu na a na-emeso ya dị ka a ga-asị na ịbụ onye na-alụbeghị di bụ "ihe ihere ma ọ bụ nke ekwensu".[14]
N'ịbụ ndị a chụpụrụ na Brazzaville, MPLA kwagara n'ókè ya na Cabinda na 1966, ebe ọgụ siri ike n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ.[12]
Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Rodrigues na ndị otu OMA anọ ndị ọzọ (Engracia dos Santos, Irene Cohen, Lucrécia Paim, na Teresa Afonso) bụ ndị otu ndị agha okpuru União dos Povos de Angola (UPA) jidere (mgbe e mesịrị, National Liberation Front of Angola) na 2 Machị 1967. A tara ha ahụhụ ma gbuo ha ọkpụkpụ ndụ.[2] A kpọgara ya n'ogige FNLA, Kinkuzu, na Democratic Republic of the Congo, e gburu Rodrigues n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.[15]
Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, e bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na 2003 n'okpuru aha Diário de um exilio sem regresso ma bipụta akwụkwọ ozi ya na akwụkwọ ozi ya n'afọ 2004 dị ka Cartas de Langidila e outros documentos. [16][5] N'afọ 2010, a malitere ihe nkiri banyere ndụ ya. Emere ihe nkiri na Angola, Brazil na Mozambique, ihe nkiri ahụ na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ ma tinye ederede sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Rodrigues. O were afọ anọ ka ihe nkiri ahụ gwụchaa. Langidila - diário de um exílio sem regresso (Langidila - Diary of an exile without return) ka ewepụtara na 2014 ma nye akụkọ banyere nnwere onwe Angola site n'echiche nke Rodrigues na ndị enyi ya.[6] N'afọ 2011, Marcia Hinds Gleckler, onye jere ozi na Methodist Missionary Movement n'afọ ndị 1950, dere akwụkwọ ncheta na akwụkwọ n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ Dear Deolinda nke oge ha, ncheta ya na echiche nke oge ahụ.[7]
Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Rodrigues (2003). in Almeida: Diário de um exilio sem regresso, 1a (in pt), Luanda, Angola: Editorial Nzila. ISBN 978-972-8-82314-6.
- Rodrigues (2004). in Almeida: Cartas de Langidila e outros documentos, 1a (in pt, kmb), Luanda, Angola: Editorial Nzila. ISBN 978-972-8-82378-8.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Nsogbu Congo
ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Paredes (26 March 2019). Rodrigues, Deolinda (en). Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.485. Retrieved on 3 December 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Faustino. "A história da militante angolana Deolinda Rodrigues", Raça Brasil, 25 June 2014. Retrieved on 5 February 2016. (in pt) Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Faustino2014" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 21 July 1959 To Deolinda Rodrigues Montgomery, Ala.. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved on 6 February 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Deolinda Rodrigues (pt). Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved on 5 February 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "mpla" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cartas de Langidila e outros documentos.. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved on 2016-03-05.
- ↑ Azulay. "Diário de exílio de Deolinda Rodrigues disponível em DVD", Semanário Economico, 31 August 2015. Retrieved on 5 February 2016. (in pt)
- ↑ Gleckler (2011). Dear Deolinda. Dear Deolinda. Retrieved on 5 February 2016.