Ezigbo ọrụ ugbo

Ezi omume ugbo (GAP) bụ usoro asambodo maka ọrụ ugbo, na-akọwapụta usoro (na akwụkwọ ozi) nke a ga-emerịrị iji mepụta nri maka ndị na-azụ ahịa ma ọ bụ nhazi ọzọ nke dị mma ma dị mma, na-eji ụzọ na-adigide. Ọ bụ ezie na enwere nkọwa dị iche iche na-asọrịta mpi nke ụzọ bụ ezigbo ọrụ ugbo, enwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ anabatara nke ọma nke ndị na-emepụta nwere ike ịgbaso kwa.

Ihe mere e ji mee ya

Mmalite nke GAP bụ ihe a na-achọsi ike ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike imebiga ihe ókè na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. Gọọmenti na-achọ ibelata ojiji nke ọgwụ na-egbu egbu site n'ịkwalite ụzọ ndị ọzọ a na-esi elekọta ụmụ ahụhụ, ebe n'otu oge ahụ na-ahụkwa na a na-emepụta nri dị mma ma dị mma.^[1]

Nzukọ

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) nke United Nations GAP

The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) na-eji ezi ọrụ ugbo eme ihe dị ka nchịkọta nke ụkpụrụ na-emetụta mmepụta ugbo na usoro mmepụta, na-akpata nri dị nchebe na nke dị mma na ngwaahịa ugbo na-abụghị nri, ka ọ na-eburu n'uche nkwado akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi.

GAPs chọrọ idebe nchekwa data a na-ahụkarị na usoro mmepụta jikọtara ọnụ maka mpaghara ọ bụla dị mkpa (lee mpaghara ecoregion). Ha na-anakọta, na-enyocha ma na-ekesa ozi nke ezigbo omume na ọnọdụ ala dị mkpa.

Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States GAP/GHP Program

Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States na-arụ ọrụ nyocha / asambodo iji chọpụta na ugbo na-eji ezigbo ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ezigbo njikwa. Ọ bụ mmemme afọ ofufo nke ndị na-akụ ihe na ndị na-etinye ihe na-ejikarị eme ihe iji mezuo nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na ndị na'azụ ahịa na ndị na -azụ ahịa nri. Emere mmemme ahụ na 2002 mgbe Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke New Jersey rịọrọ USDA-AMS ka ha tinye usoro nyocha iji chọpụta na ọ kwekọrọ na akwụkwọ Food & Drug Administration nke 1998 nke akpọrọ, "Ntụziaka iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke nchekwa nri Microbial maka mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri. "

Emegharịrị mmemme ahụ ọtụtụ ugboro kemgbe afọ 2002, ma gụnye mmemme asambodo ndị ọzọ dị ka mmemme nyocha maka mushrooms, tomato, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na cantaloupes. N'afọ 2009, USDA-AMS sonyere na GAPs Harmonization Initiative nke "kwekọ" 14 n'ime ụkpụrụ nyocha GAP nke North America, nke na 2011 dugara na ntọhapụ na mmejuputa nke Produce GAPs Armonized Food Safety Standard.

Korea National Agricultural Products Quality Management Institute GAP Program

N'ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ndị United Nations na ọtụtụ ndị otu ya guzobere, Korea eguzobewo mmemme GAP nke na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe afọ 2006. ^[2]

Ntuziaka

Ala

Mbelata erosion site na ifufe na mmiri site na mgbidi na ọwa.
Ntinye fatịlaịza n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị na n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ zuru oke (ya bụ, mgbe osisi ahụ chọrọ fatịlaịtị), iji zere ịgbapụta
- A naghị ekwe ka o jiri nsị mee ihe ugbu a na ugbo ndị GAP kwadoro nke ihe ọkụkụ (ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma nke a gụnyere compost sitere na nsị nsị na fatịlaịza ndị ọzọ sitere na nsụ mmadụ). ^[3]
Idebe ma ọ bụ iweghachi ihe ndị dị n'ala, site na itinye nsị, iji ịta ahịhịa, ntụgharị ihe ọkụkụntụgharị nke ihe ọkụkụ
Mbelata nsogbu mkpakọ ala (site n'izere iji ngwaọrụ igwe dị arọ)
Idebe ọdịdị ala, site na ibelata ọrụ ugbo siri ike ^[4]
In situ green manuring site n'ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ dị ka cowpea, horse gram, sun hemp wdg.

Mmiri

Nnyocha a haziri ahazi maka ịgba mmiri, na nlekota nke mkpa osisi, na ọnọdụ nchekwa mmiri ala iji zere ọnwụ mmiri site na drainage
Na-egbochi nnu n'ala site na ibelata mmiri na mkpa, na imegharị mmiri mgbe ọ bụla o kwere omume
Zere ihe ọkụkụ nwere mmiri dị elu na mpaghara dị ala
Zere nsị mmiri na fatịlaịza
Idebe ala na-adịgide adịgide, ọkachasị n'oge oyi iji zere nitrogen na-agbapụta
Jikwaa tebụl mmiri nke ọma, site na ibelata mmiri dị arọ
Iweghachi ma ọ bụ lekọta ala mmiri (lee ala mmiri)
Nye ezigbo mmiri maka anụ ụlọ ^[4]
Mmiri owuwe ihe ubi n'ebe ahụ site n'igwu olulu mmiri, oghere ndị na-eto eto gafee ndagwurugwu

Mmepụta anụmanụ, ahụike na ọdịmma

Nkwanyere ọdịmma anụmanụ ùgwù (nnwere onwe pụọ na agụụ na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ; nnwere onwe pụọ n'ihe mgbu, mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa; nnwere ike igosipụta omume dị mma; na nnwere onwe onwe pụọ na egwu na nhụjuanya)
Zere igbu ọkpụkpụ na-abụghị ọgwụgwọ, ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ usoro invasive, dị ka ịkwaga ọdụ na debeaking;
Zere mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ala, gburugburu ebe obibi na ndụ: mmetọ nke ala maka ịta nri, nri, mmiri na ikuku
Lelee ngwaahịa na ọfụma, debe usoro nke usoro
Igbochi kemịkal na ọgwụ fọdụrụnụ ịbanye n'Usoro nri
Mbelata ojiji na-abụghị ọgwụgwọ nke ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ homonụ
Zere inye ụmụ anụmanụ nri nwere ihe mkpofu anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ihe anụmanụ (na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke nje virus ma ọ bụ transgenic genes, ma ọ bụ prions dị ka ọrịa ehi ara),
Mbelata njem nke anụmanụ dị ndụ (site na ụkwụ, ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ) (na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa na-efe efe, dịka, ọrịa ụkwụ na ọnụ)
Gbochi nsị na-agbada (dịka mmetọ nitrate nke tebụl mmiri site na ezì), mmebi nke ihe na-edozi ahụ na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ (methane site na ehi)
Họrọ ụkpụrụ nchekwa na njikwa ngwá ọrụ
Tinye usoro traceability na usoro mmepụta niile (ịzụlite, nri, ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ...) maka nchekwa ndị ahịa na ohere nzaghachi ma ọ bụrụ na nsogbu nri (dịka, dioxin). ^[4]

Ahụike na ahụike ọha

Nkwado dị mma nke mmepụta ugbo ma ọ bụ nke ugbo nke osisi ọgwụ ^[5]

Mmepụta ihe nke obere onye

A na-atụ anya na ọchịchọ maka ihe ọkụkụ ga-eji okpukpu abụọ ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'ụwa ruru ijeri 9.1 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2050. Ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ na ogo nke nri na nzaghachi maka ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu ga-achọ ka mmepụta ugbo dịkwuo elu. Ezigbo ọrụ ugbo, mgbe mgbe na njikọta ya na ntinye ntinye dị irè, bụ otu n'ime ụzọ kachasị mma iji bulie mmepụta nke obere onye ọrụ. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo na-ewu usoro nnyefe na-adịgide adịgide iji mụbaa mmepụta ma melite ogo.

Hụkwa

Ebem si dee

↑ Schreinemachers (12 June 2012). "Can public GAP standards reduce agricultural pesticide use? The case of fruit and vegetable farming in northern Thailand". Agriculture and Human Values 29 (4): 519–529. DOI:10.1007/s10460-012-9378-6.
↑ 농산물우수관리 (GAP). www.gap.go.kr. Retrieved on February 1, 2024.
↑ Moya (2019). "Challenges to the use of fertilisers derived from human excreta: The case of vegetable exports from Kenya to Europe and influence of certification systems". Food Policy 85: 72–78. DOI:10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.05.001.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 FOOD SAFETY AND GOOD PRACTICE CERTIFICATION. FAO. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved on 6 June 2019.
↑ Máthé. Quality assurance of cultivated and gathered medicinal plants. Retrieved on 23 May 2009., World Health Organization (2003). WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants. Retrieved on 23 May 2009.

[1] Schreinemachers (12 June 2012). "Can public GAP standards reduce agricultural pesticide use? The case of fruit and vegetable farming in northern Thailand". Agriculture and Human Values 29 (4): 519–529. DOI:10.1007/s10460-012-9378-6.

[2] 농산물우수관리 (GAP). www.gap.go.kr. Retrieved on February 1, 2024.

[3] Moya (2019). "Challenges to the use of fertilisers derived from human excreta: The case of vegetable exports from Kenya to Europe and influence of certification systems". Food Policy 85: 72–78. DOI:10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.05.001.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 FOOD SAFETY AND GOOD PRACTICE CERTIFICATION. FAO. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved on 6 June 2019.

[5] Máthé. Quality assurance of cultivated and gathered medicinal plants. Retrieved on 23 May 2009., World Health Organization (2003). WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants. Retrieved on 23 May 2009.

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