Francis E. Griffin
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| Aha enyere | Francis, Eugene |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Griffin |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 10 Septemba 1910 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Battle Creek |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 14 Febụwarị 1973 |
| Ebe olili | Oak Hill Cemetery |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
Francis Eugene Griffin (1910–1973) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ America. Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ ojii na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Detroit wee nye aka na-emetụta ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ụkpụrụ ojii n'oge mbụ n'obodo ahụ. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ White & Griffin, [1] na mgbe e mesịrị Ward, Griffin, & Agee, na Francis E. Griffin Associates, Architects, & Planners . Griffin rụkwara ọrụ na 1950s maka gọọmentị United States n'ichepụta ihe owuwu na Liberia . A na-asụgharịkwa aha ya Frances E. Griffin . [2]
Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A mụrụ Francis Eugene Griffin na Septemba 10, 1910, na Battle Creek, Michigan, nye nne na nna Africa America Genevieve Tucker Griffin na William Edward Dunston Griffin. [3] Ezinụlọ ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Ụka Mt. Zion AME dị na Battle Creek. [3] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Battle Creek, wee gụchaa na February 1928. [3] [4]
Site na 1928 ruo 1931, Griffin gara Mahadum Michigan (UMich); sochiri oge ọmụmụ ihe nke abụọ site na 1933 ruo 1935. [3] Ụbọchị ngụsị akwụkwọ ya kpọmkwem site na nzere bachelọ sayensị na injinịa ụkpụrụ ụlọ na UMich amabeghị (ma na 1935 ma ọ bụ 1944). [3]
Na 1936, ọ lụrụ Mallie Hill; ha nwere ụmụ abụọ. [3]
Ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Washington, DC, maka John Anderson Lankford site na 1936 ruo 1938; sochiri ọrụ maka Howard Hamilton Mackey Sr. site na 1939 ruo 1941. [3] N'afọ 1939, Griffin ghọrọ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Washington, DC. [3] Griffin nwere omume onwe ya n'ụlọ ya na 5325 Ames, NE, na mpaghara Capitol View nke Washington, DC, site na 1941 ruo 1943. [3] Ọrụ sochiri ya dị ka onye nleba anya ọnụ ahịa maka ọrụ Mayfair Mansions Apartments nke Albert Irvin Cassell (1943–1945). [3]
Ya na Donald Frank White jikọrọ aka n'etiti 1946 na 1968 iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ White & Griffin Architecture-Engineering Associates na Detroit. [1] [3] N'etiti 1950s, White & Griffin weere ọrụ na Liberia; [3] njikọ aka n'etiti gọọmenti United States, ọchịchị Liberia, na Prairie View A&M University iji mepụta Booker T. Washington Institute, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọrụ aka nke na-agbaso usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji nke United States.
N'ọgwụgwụ 1950s ruo 1970s, ya na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Harold Edward Ward na Aubrey Caston Agee jikọrọ aka wee guzobe ụlọ ọrụ, Ward, Griffin, & Agee. [3] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1970, a gbanwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Francis E. Griffin Associates, Architects, & Planners. [3]
Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka Obodo Detroit Housing Commission site na 1962 na 1969. [3] Griffin bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na BAG (Black Architects Group) na Detroit; na onye otu American Institute of Architects (AIA). [3] Ọ bụkwa onye ndu n'ime National Technical Association, na-enye ọzụzụ, ohere, na nkwado maka ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke America. [3]
Ọnwụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa na February 14, 1973, na Detroit. [3] [5] A kọwapụtara Griffin n'akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographic Dictionary, 1865-1945 (2004).
Ndepụta ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Aịjalon Baptist Church (1950), 6419 Beechwood Street, Detroit, Michigan [3] [6]
- Ụlọ Nzukọ Considine na Ụlọikpe Ọkpụkpụ (1973), 8904 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, Michigan [3]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- African-American architects
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Architects Move To New Headquarters", The Detroit Tribune, 1948-02-07, pp. 5. Retrieved on 2024-01-30. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Donald White, Michigan's first licensed black architect, broke new ground (en). Michigan Public (2020-02-17). Retrieved on 2024-01-31.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Wilson (March 2004). "Francis Eugene Griffin (1910–1973)", African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (in en). Routledge, 245–248. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "DSWilson" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Francis Griffin", Battle Creek Enquirer, February 16, 1973, pp. 10.
- ↑ Francis Eugene Griffin. AIA Historical Directory of American Architects. Retrieved on 2024-01-31.
- ↑ Piper (2019-07-15). The legacy of black architects in Detroit (en). Curbed Detroit. Vox Media, LLC. Retrieved on 2024-01-30.