Friends of the Earth (EWNI)
Ndị enyi nke ụwa England, Wales na Northern Ireland (nke a makwaara dị ka FoE EWNI) bụ otu n'ime mba 75 gburugburu ụwa nke mejupụtara netwọk ndị enyi nke ụwa nke òtù gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-akpọkarị ya 'Ndị enyi nke Ụwa' n'ime mba ya.
E hiwere ndị enyi nke ụwa na England na 1971, afọ abụọ mgbe e hiwere otu ahụ na San Francisco na 1969. [1] Onye ndu mbụ ya bụ Graham Searle, onye bụbu osote onye isi oche nke National Union of Students. [2]'afọ 1975, Searle dere New Zealand Beech Forest Controversy maka ndị enyi nke ụwa n'oge otu afọ ezumike na mba ahụ. [1] Otu n'ime mkpọsa mbụ nke nzukọ ahụ e guzobere ọhụrụ bụ ịtụfu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ karama iko 1000 n'ihu HQ nke nnukwu ihe ọṅụṅụ na-atọ ụtọ Schweppes na Connaught House, London iji mee mkpesa maka iwu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nke inwe karama ndị a na-apụghị iweghachi azụ. Ihe omume ndị ọzọ mbụ lekwasịrị anya na imegide oghere ọla kọpa na Snowdonia National Park (nke dugara na mmeri n'oge mgbe a kwụsịrị nke a) na ọrụ iji chekwaa ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Nke a toro n'ime mkpọsa 'Zọpụta Whale' zuru ụwa ọnụ site na FoE, Greenpeace na ndị ọzọ.
Mgbasa ozi maka ike nchekwa bụkwa okwu mmalite, nke ọkachamara na United States Amory Lovins kwadoro FoE EWNI. Mmegide nke ike nuklia na nkwado maka ike mmeghari bụ isi okwu mkpọsa nke malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe - ugbu a na 2020 isi isiokwu maka ọrụ FoE EWNI.
Omume ime obodo n'ofe UK bụ ihe ama ama nke FoE EWNI, nke nwere netwọk nke 'ndị otu mpaghara' nwere ikikere na-enweta ogo nke nnwere onwe maka okwu ha na-arụ ọrụ. N’oge na-adịghị anya ka e malitechara na 1971, e nwere alaka asatọ dị n’ógbè ahụ, ka ọ na-erulekwa 1976, e nwere 140. N’afọ 1978, òtù dị iche iche dị na Scotland kewara iji guzobe nzukọ nke ha.FoE Scotland . [3] [4]'afọ 1980, FoE nwere otu 250 na ndị na-akwado 17,000, mana uto nke òtù udo na CND site na 1980-84 hụrụ nkwado na-apụ na FoE na-ebelata na ndị ọrụ 12.
[5]'Na 1984 Jonathan Porritt, onye bụbu onye nkuzi na onye isi oche nke Ecology Party (nke akpọrọ Green Party na 1985), ghọrọ onye isi otu ahụ. site na 12 ruo ihe karịrị 100. [5] [6]
Onye isi nchịkwa ọzọ Dave Gee, Charles Secrett sochiri ya bụ onye nọ n'ọkwa ahụ ruo afọ 2003. N'etiti afọ 2003 na 2008, onye isi nchịkwa nke FoE EWNI bụ Tony Juniper onye ghọrọ Onye isi oche nke Natural England na 2019. Site [7] 2006-2008 FoE rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mkpọsa (nke a maara dị ka 'Big Ask') maka UK Climate Act, [1] nke ghọrọ iwu na 2008. Site na 2015-2020 Craig Bennett bụ Chief Executive, onye hapụrụ ka ọ bụrụ Director of the Wildlife Trusts. [8] họpụtara Miriam Turner na Hugh Knowles dị ka ndị isi oche na Jenụwarị 2021.
Ọdịdị na ego[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
FoE EWNI nwere usoro abụọ, nke gụnyere ntụkwasị obi, nke bụ ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha, na ụlọ ọrụ nwere oke, nke na-eme mkpọsa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị - iwu UK na-egbochi ebe ọrụ ebere nwere ike ime mkpọsa.
Ngụkọta ego maka Friends the Earth Ltd. maka afọ na-agwụ na Mee 2019 bụ £ 11.2m nke ihe dị ka £ 8m bụ onyinye sitere na FoE Charitable Trust.
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ When was Friends of the Earth founded?. foe.co.uk. Retrieved on 9 July 2015.
- ↑ Rush to Destruction, An Appraisal of the New Zealand Beech Forest Controversy, Graham Searle, A.H. and A.W. Reed, 1975.
- ↑ Our History.
- ↑ p212–213 State of Emergency The Way We Were: Britain 1970–1974 by Dominic Sandbrook 2011 Penguin Books
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Profile: Jonathon Porritt. BBC News (April 2004). Retrieved on 2 June 2011.
- ↑ Promising the Earth.
- ↑ What is the 2008 Climate Change Act?.
- ↑ Our CEOs Miriam Turner and Hugh Knowles. www.friendsoftheearth.uk (18 November 2020).