Ndị Enyi nke Ụwa

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Ndị Enyi nke Ụwa
environmental organization, non-governmental organization, nonprofit organization
Oge/afọ mmalite1971 Dezie
aha mkpirisiFoEI Dezie
Archive naAmsab - Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Gent Dezie
mba/obodoDenmark Dezie
Onye òtù nkeEuropean Environmental Bureau Dezie
nwere enyemakaJordens Vänner Dezie
webụsaịtịhttp://www.foei.org Dezie
kọwara na URLhttps://workforgood.co.uk/charities/friends-of-the-earth-charitable-trust/, https://www.crowdfunder.co.uk/p/friends-of-the-earth, https://www.charity.ebay.co.uk/charity/i/Friends-of-the-Earth-Charitable-Trust/124827 Dezie

Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) bụ netwọk mba ụwa nke òtù gburugburu ebe obibi na mba 73. Ihe dị ka ọkara nke ndị otu ahụ na-akpọ onwe ha "Ndị enyi nke Ụwa" n'asụsụ nke ha; ndị ọzọ na-eji aha ndị ọzọ.[1] E guzobere nzukọ ahụ na 1969 na San Francisco site n'aka David Brower, Donald Aitken na Gary Soucie mgbe Brower kewara na Sierra Club[2] n'ihi ụzọ dị mma nke nke ikpeazụ maka ike nuklia. Robert Orville Anderson, onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ Atlantic Richfield nyere onyinye ntọala nke $ 500,000 (na 2019 USD).[3] Ọ ghọrọ netwọk mba ụwa nke òtù na 1971 na nzukọ nke ndị nnọchiteanya si mba anọ: US, Sweden, UK na France.[4]

FoEI nwere odeakwụkwọ ugbu a (nke dị na Amsterdam, Netherlands) nke na-enye nkwado maka netwọk ahụ na nnukwu mkpọsa ya.[5] Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ndị nnọchi anya a họpụtara site na otu mba na-esetịpụ iwu ma na-ahụ Maka ọrụ nke odeakwụkwọ. N'afọ 2016, a họpụtara onye na-eme ngagharị iwe na Uruguay Karin Nansen ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke nzukọ ahụ.

Nsogbu mkpọsa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ndị enyi nke ụwa (n'ụwa niile) bụ òtù ndị otu mba ụwa, nke ndị otu ya gbasara n'ụwa niile. Ihe omume nkwado ya na-elekwasị anya na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eme ka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ikike mmadụ pụta ìhè. Akụkụ mba ụwa nke Friends of the Earth nwere isi na Amsterdam, Netherlands, maka ebumnuche ụtụ isi.[6]

Dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya si kwuo, ihe ndị Friends of the Earth na-ebute ụzọ ugbu a na mkpọsa bụ: ikpe ziri ezi nke akụ na ụba na iguzogide neoliberalism; ọhịa na ụdị dị iche iche; ọbụbụeze nri; na ikpe ziri ezi na ike.[7] A na-etinye ihe ndị FOEI na-ebute ụzọ na mkpọsa na nzukọ ezumezu ya ugboro abụọ n'afọ. Tụkwasị na nke a, FOEI na-eme atụmatụ mkpọsa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, dị ka ọzara; Antarctica; ụgbọ mmiri, igwu ala na ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụta ihe; na ike nuklia.[7][8] N'afọ 2016, FOEI duziri mkpọsa maka oriri na mmepụta anụ (Meat Atlas).[9]

FOEI na-azọrọ na ọ gara nke ọma n'ihi na ọ kpochapụrụ ọtụtụ ijeri ego enyemaka ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi nye ndị na-emetọ ụlọ ọrụ, gbanwee ụlọ akụ ụwa iji dozie nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ikike mmadụ, mee ka arụmụka banyere okpomọkụ ụwa na-eme ka US gbalịa iwu kachasị mma, kwụsị ihe karịrị 150 na-ebibi ihe na ọrụ mmiri n'ụwa niile, tinye ma merie iwu ndị dị ịrịba ama nke ebe a na-egwupụta mmanụ ma machibido igbu whale mba ụwa.[10] Ndị na-akatọ ya na-ekwu na nzukọ ahụ na-anwa naanị inweta nlebara anya mgbasa ozi (dị ka site na ịhapụ abụ "Love Song to the Earth"), mana ọ naghị anọgide na ndị obodo iji dozie nsogbu dị mgbagwoju anya n'ezie, nakwa na ọ na-egbochi mmepe na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. Ha akatọwokwa iwu ya ịnakwere ego dị elu site na ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ebere metụtara mmanụ na gas.[11]

Ọdịdị nke netwọk ahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Òtù ndị otu nọ n'otu mba nwere ike ịkpọ onwe ha Friends of the Earth ma ọ bụ okwu yiri ya sụgharịrị n'asụsụ mba, dịka, Friends of the World (US), Friends of the Land (EWNI) (England Wales na Northern Ireland), Amigos de la Tierra (Spain na Argentina). Otú ọ dị, ihe dị ka ọkara nke ndị otu ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha nke ha, mgbe ụfọdụ na-egosipụta mmalite onwe ha na ntinye aka na netwọk ahụ, dị ka Pro Natura (Switzerland), Korean Federation for Environmental Movement, Environmental Rights Action (FOE Nigeria) na WALHI (FOE Indonesia).

Ndị enyi nke ụwa mba ụwa (FoEI) na-akwado odeakwụkwọ nke dị na Amsterdam, na kọmitii ndị isi a maara dị ka ExCom.[12] Ndị otu niile na-ahọpụta ExCom na nzukọ ezumezu a na-eme afọ abụọ ọ bụla, ọ bụkwa ExCom na-ewe ndị odeakwụkwọ n'ọrụ.[13] N'otu nzukọ ahụ, a na-ekwekọrịta ụkpụrụ na ọrụ ndị dị mkpa.

Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ nke a na-ahazi na ọkwa FoEI, ndị otu mba nweere onwe ha ime mkpọsa nke ha na ịrụ ọrụ bi- ma ọ bụ multi-n'akụkụ dị ka ha hụrụ, ọ bụrụhaala na nke a emegideghị iwu nkwekọrịta na ọkwa mba ụwa.

Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

The Meat Atlas bụ akụkọ kwa afọ banyere usoro na mmetụta nke ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ. Mbipụta ahụ nwere edemede 27 dị mkpirikpi ma, site n'enyemaka nke eserese, na-ahụ ihe ndị mere eme banyere mmepụta na iri anụ. Ndị enyi nke ụwa na Heinrich Böll Foundation jikọrọ aka bipụta The Meat Atlas.[14]

Ndị na-akwado ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Onye na-eti egwu rock bụ George Harrison sonyeere ndị enyi nke ụwa mgbe ọ gachara ngagharị iwe ha na-emegide nuklia na London n'afọ 1980. Ọ raara abọm ya kachasị egwu na 1989, Best of Dark Horse, nye Friends of the Earth, n'etiti òtù ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi.[15]
  • A maara Jay Kay, onye na-eduzi otu egwu funk / acid jazz Jamiroquai, maka inye ụfọdụ n'ime uru ndị a na-enweta site na ahịa album ya na Friends of the Earth na Oxfam, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ.
  • Dominique Voynet, onye gbara ọsọ na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke France na 1995 na 2007 na "les verts" parti, ma ọ bụ Green Party, bụ onye otu.
  • Thom Yorke, onye na-agụ egwú nke Radiohead, akwadowo ọtụtụ mkpọsa Friends of the Earth n'ihu ọha.
  • Ego sitere na ahịa nke otu "Love Song to the Earth" (2015), nke Paul McCartney, Jon Bon Jovi, Sheryl Crow, Fergie, Sean Paul, na Colbie Caillat na ndị ọzọ, na-aga na Friends of the Earth U.S. na United Nations Foundation.

Nkwado Maka Nnukwu Ajụjụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'etiti ndị nọ na mmalite nke Friends of the Earth (EWNI) 's climate change campaign The Big Ask bụ Jude Law, Edith Bowman, Siân Lloyd, Ross Burden, David Cameron, David Miliband, Thom Yorke, Stephen Merchant, Michael Eavis, na Emily Eavis.[16][17]

Òtù ndị otu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

We are fed up
Anyị agwụla! - ngagharị iwe: Ndị enyi nke ụwa Germany bụ akụkụ nke njikọ aka nke na-ahazi ngagharị iwe ahụ.[18]

Eshia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Friends of the Earth Japan [ja]
  • Nzukọ Indonesian maka gburugburu ebe obibi, Indonesia
  • Njikọ Korea Maka Mgbasa Ozi
  • Ndị Enyi nke Ụwa Middle East
  • Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Iwu na Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ - Kasama sa Kalikasan
  • Ụlọ Ọrụ Ikpe Ziri Ezi, Sri Lanka
  • Sahabat Alam Malaysia

Europe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ndị Enyi nke Ụwa Europe, Brussels
  • Ndị enyi nke Ụwa (EWNI), (England, Wales na Northern Ireland)
    • Manchester Ndị Enyi nke Ụwa
  • Green Action, Croatia
  • Hnutí DUHA, Czech Republic
  • Milieudefensie, Netherlands
  • Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature, Norway
  • Ndị Enyi nke Ụwa (Malta)
  • NOAH, nke e guzobere na 1969 na Denmark, nzukọ mba nke Foe kemgbe 1988, Denmark [2]

Ebe Ugwu America[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • ndị enyi ụwa Canada
  • Les AmiEs de la Terre de Quebec Canad
    • Les AmiEs de la Terre de Quebec Canada
  • Ndị enyi ụwa (US)

Oceania[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • ndị enyi ụwa Australia

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ndị enyi ụwa inc v. Laidiaw Environmental Services, Inc
  • Ndepụta nke nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi
  • Ndị enyi ụwa (HK)

Ihe edeturu na ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Organisation
  2. ↑ Thomson, Jennifer (2017).
  3. ↑ Shellenberger. Why Renewables Advocates Protect Fossil Fuel Interests, Not The Climate (en). Forbes. Retrieved on 2019-06-18.
  4. ↑ History (April 2014). Archived from the original on 12 April 2014. Retrieved on 25 May 2016.
  5. ↑ "Friends of the Earth ticked off over claims in anti-fracking leaflet", The Guardian, 4 January 2017. Retrieved on 16 October 2018.
  6. ↑ Our work. www.friendsoftheearth.uk. Friends of the earth UK. Retrieved on 16 October 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Home - Friends of the earth international. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved on 25 May 2016.
  8. ↑ Meyer (2014). ""Where do we go from Wyhl?" Transnational Anti-Nuclear Protest targeting European and International Organizations in the 1970s". Historical Social Research 39 (1): 212–235. DOI:10.12759/hsr.39.2014.1.212-235. Retrieved on 25 May 2016. 
  9. ↑ Home - Friends of the earth international. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved on 25 May 2016.
  10. ↑ United States of America - Friends of the Earth International. foei.org (8 November 2013). Retrieved on 18 January 2017.
  11. ↑ "Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth hit back over 'out-of-touch' criticism", The Guardian, 13 June 2011. Retrieved on 16 October 2018.
  12. ↑ International secretariat. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved on 25 May 2016.
  13. ↑ Home - Friends of the earth international. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved on 25 May 2016.
  14. ↑ Meat Atlas, Friends of the Earth, download Meat Atlas as pdf
  15. ↑ Harry (2003). The George Harrison Encyclopedia. London: Virgin Books, 28, 85. ISBN 978-0753508220. 
  16. ↑ Radiohead's Thom Yorke to guest-edit Observer Magazine published March 20, 2008.
  17. ↑ Big names back The Big Ask. Friends of the Earth. Retrieved on 25 May 2016.
  18. ↑ Friends of the Earth Europe, We are fed up: 30,000 march in Berlin, 19 January 2014.

Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Brian Doherty na Timothy Doyle, Environmentalism, Resistance and Solidarity. The Politics of Friends of the Earth International (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2013). doi:10.1057/9781137316714
  • Jan-Henrik Meyer, "'Ebee ka anyị si Wyhl gaa?' Nnọchiteanya Transnational Anti-Nuclear nke lekwasịrị anya na European na International Organisations na 1970s, " Historical Social Research 39: 1 (2014): 212-235. [3]

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Official website
  • isiokwu nke enyi ụwa France Ọkachamara ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi hụ Red
  • ndị enyi nke ụwa ụwa YouTube ọwa
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ndị_Enyi_nke_Ụwa&oldid=117502