George Herriman

George Herriman

George Herriman

mmádu

ụdịekere	nwoke
mba o sị	Njikota Obodo Amerika
aha enyere	George
aha ezinụlọ ya	Herriman
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	22 Ọgọọst 1880
Ebe ọmụmụ	New Orleans
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	25 Eprel 1944
Ebe ọ nwụrụ	Los Angeles
Ụdị ọnwụ	eke na-akpata
ihe kpatara ọnwụ	liver cirrhosis
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka	Bekee
ọrụ ọ na-arụ	cartoonist, comics artist, illustrator, caricaturist, drawer
onye were ọrụ	Los Angeles Herald, San Francisco Chronicle, New York World
ebe agụmakwụkwọ	Loyola High School
Ebe obibi	New Orleans, New York City, Los Angeles
Ebe ọrụ	Njikota Obodo Amerika
agbụrụ	Ndi Afrika nke Amerika, Louisiana Creole people
Ọrụ ama ama	Krazy Kat, The Dingbat Family
onye nlereranya	Miguel de Cervantes, Aesop
Ihe nrite	Will Eisner Hall of Fame
Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọta	Metropolitan Museum of Art, National Gallery of Art
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike	copyrights on works have expired

  

George Joseph Herriman nke Atọ (August 22, 1880 - April 25, 1944) bụ onye America na-ese ihe nkiri nke a maara nke ọma maka ihe nkiri Krazy Kat (1913-1944).    Krazy Kat nwere mmetụta karịa ka ọ na-ewu ewu, ọ nwere ndị na-ege ntị nwere ekele n'etiti ndị na-ese ihe. Akụkọ Gilbert Seldes "The Krazy Kat Who Walks by Himself" bụ ihe atụ mbụ nke onye nkatọ sitere na nka dị elu na-elebara anya nke ukwuu na ihe na-atọ ọchị. The Comics Journal debere eriri ahụ na mbụ na ndepụta ya nke nnukwu ihe ọchị nke narị afọ nke 20. Ọrụ Herriman abụwo mmetụta dị mkpa na ndị na-ese ihe nkiri dịka Elzie C. Segar, Will Eisner, Charles M. Schulz, Robert Crumb, Art Spiegelman, Bill Watterson, na Chris Ware.

A mụrụ Herriman na New Orleans, Louisiana, n'ezinụlọ ndị Creole agbụrụ, ma too na Los Angeles. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1897, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ede ihe. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ese ihe nkiri na ihe na-atọ ọchị - ihe na-eme n'oge ahụ na mbido ya - ma na-ese ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ruo mgbe ọ gosipụtara onye a ma ama ya, Krazy Kat, na ihe nkiri ya The Dingbat Family na 1910. Akara Krazy Kat kwa ụbọchị malitere na 1913, ma site na 1916 Akara ahụ pụtakwara na Sọnde. A maara ya maka uri ya, mkparịta ụka dị arọ; ọmarịcha, na-agbanwe agbanwe; na nhazi peeji ya siri ike, nke nnwale.

N'ihe bụ isi na ike nke ihe nkiri ahụ, Ignatz Mouse ji brik tụọ Krazy, nke onye na-amaghị ihe, onye na-enweghị nne na nna Kat kọwara dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke ịhụnanya. Ka eriri ahụ na-aga n'ihu, triangle ịhụnanya malitere n'etiti Krazy, Ignatz, na Offisa Pupp. Pupp mere ya ọrụ ya iji gbochie Ignatz ịtụ brik na Krazy, ma ọ bụ ịtụ ya mkpọrọ maka ime otú ahụ, mana mbọ ya na-egbochi mgbe niile n'ihi na Krazy chọrọ ka brik Ignatz kụọ ya.

Herriman biri ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya na Los Angeles, mana ọ na-eme njem ugboro ugboro na ọzara Navajo na Southwestern United States. Ọ dọtara mmasị ya na ọdịdị ala nke Monument Valley na Enchanted Mesa, ma mee Coconino County ebe eriri Krazy Kat ya dị. Ihe osise ya jiri isiokwu Navajo na nke Mexico mee ihe nke ukwuu megide mgbanwe nke ọzara. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe osise ma gosipụta akwụkwọ uri Don Marquis banyere Archy na Mehitabel, nwamba na nkịta. Onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ William Randolph Hearst bụ onye na-akwado Herriman ma nye ya nkwekọrịta ndụ ya na King Features Syndicate, nke mere ka Herriman nwee ndụ dị mma na ụzọ maka ọrụ ya n'agbanyeghị enweghị ewu ewu.

Akụkọ ndụ

1880-1900: Oge ọ malitere

Ndị Herrimans gara St. Augustine Catholic Church na Tremé na New Orleans.

A mụrụ George Joseph Herriman na 348 Villere Street[lower-alpha 1] na New Orleans na August 22, 1880. [2] A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ agbụrụ dị iche iche ma si n'usoro ndị na-asụ French Louisiana Creole mulattoes [1] bụ ndị a na-ewere dị ka ndị nwere onwe ha, ma na-akọ na ha na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmalite abolitionist movement.[3][4] Nna nna ya, Stephen Herriman, bụ onye New Yorker ọcha nke ya na Justine Olivier, [1] nwanyị nwere onwe ya, ma nwee ụlọ ahịa ịkwa ákwà na Royal Street na New Orleans.A mụrụ nne nne ya na Havana, Cuba. [6] Nne na nna ya bụ George Herriman, Jr. (1850-1923),[2] amụrụ na New Orleans, na Clara Morel Herriman (1857-1911),[3] amụrụ na Iberville.[9] Ezinụlọ ahụ gara St. Augustine Catholic Church na mpaghara Tremé nke New Orleans.[1][1]

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri, Herriman na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Los Angeles, [1] ebe ọ tolitere n'ebe ndịda etiti obodo dị nso na Main Street na Washington Boulevard. Nna ya rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ dị ka onye na-akwa ákwà. Herriman gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwoke Katọlik St. Vincent's College (nke bụzi Loyola High School). [10] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1897, ọ resịrị Los Angeles Herald ihe osise nke Hotel Petrolia na Santa Paula. Nke a mere ka ọ nweta ọrụ $ 2 kwa izu dị ka onye enyemaka na ngalaba na-ese ihe, ebe ọ na-ese foto maka mgbasa ozi na Ihe osise ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe ụfọdụ.[11]

1900-1905: Ọrụ mbụ na New York

Ọrụ mbụ Herriman bipụtara bụ ihe ọchị na ihe nkiri nchịkọta akụkọ. (September 7, 1906)

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 20, Herriman banyere n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-aga New York City, na-enwe olileanya na ohere ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe ga-aka mma n'ebe ahụ. O nweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na mbụ, ma lanarị site n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye na-eme mkpọsa na Coney Island, ruo mgbe otu n'ime magazin ndị na-eme ihe ọchị n'oge ahụ, Judge, nabatara ụfọdụ n'ime ihe nkiri ya. N'agbata June 15 na October 26, 1901, iri na otu n'ime ihe osise ya pụtara na peeji nke magazin ahụ, n'ụdị dị egwu nke ụbọchị ahụ. Ọ na-ejikarị ihe oyiyi na-aga n'ihu n'ihe nkiri ya, dịka ọ dị na ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị. Na Septemba 29 n'afọ ahụ, e bipụtara ezigbo akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Pulitzer na-abụghị nkwekọrịta, otu agba na nke ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na mgbakwunye mbụ nke Philadelphia North American Syndicate. Akara mbụ ya na-atọ ọchị pụtara na T. C. McClure Syndicate malite n'October 20. [12]

Ihe ịga nke ọma ya na mpempe akwụkwọ ndị a mere ka Herriman kwenye ịhapụ akwụkwọ akụkọ.[13] Maka akwụkwọ Pulitzer na Febụwarị 16, 1902, ọ malitere ihe osise mbụ ya nke nwere àgwà na-aga n'ihu, Musical Mose. Akara ahụ gosipụtara onye egwu Africa-America nke mere ka ọ bụrụ agbụrụ ndị ọzọ, naanị iji taa ahụhụ mgbe ndị na-ege ya ntị chọpụtara ya. Prọfesọ Otto na Auto ya, banyere onye ọkwọ ụgbọala dị egwu, sochiri na Machị, na Acrobatic Archie, "nwatakịrị" nwere nwa na-eme ihe nkiri, pụtara na Eprel.[14] N'ihi ọdịnihu ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke yiri ka ọ na-eme ka obi sie ya ike, Herriman laghachiri Los Angeles ịlụ onye ọ hụrụ n'anya n'oge ọ bụ nwata wee soro ya laghachi New York.[15]

Na mbipụta November 1902 Onye Akwụkwọ akụkọ The Bookman, Herriman dere banyere ọrụ ya n'ụzọ na-elelị onwe ya, ebe onye na-ede uri La Touche Hancock, n'otu isiokwu dị na mbipụta ahụ akpọrọ "The American Comic and Caricature Art", dere, "Art na uri bụ njirimara nke George Herriman. Ọ bụrụ na ihe osise ya a na-amaghị nke ọma, mmadụ ga-eche na o mehiere ọrụ ya, ọ na-arịwanye elu mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ihu, ndị na-enweghị ọrụ abụọ dị ka ndị dị ka ndị ọrụ, ndị dị ka Jenụwarị abụọ malitere na-arụ ọrụ, ndị ọrụ,[15][16][17] Ọ malitere ise ihe nkiri cowboy Lariat Pete na Septemba maka ndị otu McClure mgbe Two Jolly Jackies kwụsịrị.[18]

Akụkọ na-atọ ọchị Major Ozone's Fresh Air Crusade (1904-1906) bụ ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ maka Herriman. (April 21, 1906)   

Na June, New York World were Herriman n'ọrụ. N'ebe ahụ, o gosipụtara nkọwa Roy McCardell banyere ihe omume mpaghara, malite na June 28 ma na-agba ọsọ ruo na ngwụcha afọ. Herriman ka na-emepụta ọrụ syndicate, dị ka Major Ozone's Fresh Air Crusade maka World Color Printing Company malite na Jenụwarị 2, 1904. Onye ọzọ n'ime ndị Herriman na-echegbu onwe ya, Major gara ụwa na-enweghị isi na-achọ ikuku kachasị ọcha na mkparịta ụka abụ. [19] Major Ozone bụ ihe a ma ama nke na n'oge na-adịghị anya, e nyere ya ihu akwụkwọ mgbakwunye ahụ.[18] N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Herriman si n'Ụwa gaa na New York Daily News, ebe e nyere ya ọrụ dị ukwuu na ọrụ dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere akụkọ eserese banyere egwuregwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[19] N'ọnwa Febụwarị na Machị, o nwere obere ihe na-atọ ọchị banyere ndụ ụlọ a na-akpọ Home Sweet Home. N'oge opupu ihe ubi ahụ, ọ malitere igosi usoro isiokwu nke Walter Murphy dere nke akpọrọ Bubblespikers.[20]

Rudolph Block goro Herriman maka akwụkwọ Hearst na "ụgwọ ọrụ kwekọrọ na nkà ya", malite n'April 22 na New York American, nke na-enweghị ihe ọchị kwa ụbọchị n'oge ahụ.[20][18] Herriman sere ihe nkiri egwuregwu n'ọfịs n'akụkụ Frederick Burr Opper, James Swinnerton, na Tad Dorgan, onye a maara nke ọma dị ka "Tad" ma were ya dị ka kpakpando na akwụkwọ akụkọ Hearst ọzọ, New York Evening Journal.[21] A na-enyekarị Tad na Herriman ọrụ ịkọ otu ihe omume egwuregwu ahụ ma ghọọ ezigbo ndị enyi. N'afọ 1924, Tad kpọrọ Herriman "otu n'ime ndị na-eme egwuregwu kachasị mma n'ụwa" ma kwaa ụta na Herriman anaghịzi arụ ụdị ọrụ ahụ.[22] Herriman gara n'ihu na Hearst ruo na June 1905, mgbe ọ hapụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, ikekwe n'ihi àgwà na-enweghị ọmịiko nke onye nchịkọta egwuregwu ọhụrụ na ndị na-ese ihe nkiri.[23][24] Ọ laghachiri Los Angeles na ọkara ikpeazụ nke afọ 1905. [25][26]

1905-1910: Ịlaghachi California

Àtụ:Wide imageNa California, Herriman gara n'ihu na-ezipụ ozi na ọrụ na World Color Printing Company. Ọ kpọlitere Major Ozone ma mepụta Grandma's Girl - Likewise Bud Smith, nke ọ jikọtara site na eriri abụọ gara aga, na eriri ụmụaka abụọ, Rosy Posy - Mama's Girl. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Los Angeles Times na Jenụwarị 8, 1906, tupu ọ laghachi Hearst n'oge ọkọchị ahụ.[27] N' ihe osise dị n'ihu akwụkwọ akụkọ Hearst's Los Angeles Examiner, a mara ọkwa Herriman dị ka "onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke Examiner" n'August 21. Ihe osise ya malitere ịpụta na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ peeji ọ bụla, na-akpata nnukwu ahịa maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ.[28] N'ọnwa Ọktoba, ọ kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ maka World Color.[27][27]

N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma nke Bud Fisher's daily strip A. Mutt, ala-alpha 3] nke malitere na ngwụcha 1907, Herriman malitere otu egwuregwu kwa ụbọchị na-amalite na Disemba 10 nke a na-akpọ Maazị Proones the Plunger.[29] Akara ahụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka nke Fisher, ọ kwụsịrị ịpụta mgbe Disemba 26 gasịrị.

Mary's Home from College, onye bu ụzọ na "ihe osise ụmụ agbọghọ" a ma ama dị ka Cliff Sterrett's Polly and Her Pals na John Held Jr.'s Merely Margie, malitere na Febụwarị 19, 1909 ruo Jenụwarị 4, 1910. Akụkọ na-atọ ọchị ya ọzọ, Baron Mooch, nke onye na-agba ọsọ n'efu, pụtara na Examiner n'October 12, 1909. [33] Herriman malitere mpempe akwụkwọ abụọ ọzọ na Nọvemba 1909 na World Color Printing Company - Alexander the Cat na Daniel na Pansy, nke abụọ pụtara na agba. Daniel na Pansy bụ ihe osise mbụ nke Herriman iji gosipụta ihe niile gbasara anụmanụ.[35] Gooseberry Sprig sochiri nke a na Examiner na Disemba 23, banyere aristocratic, sịga-ese siga nke pụtara na mbụ na egwuregwu egwuregwu Herriman. Ihe omuma nke nnụnụ bu ihe bu Krazy Kat ụzọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe omuma ya pụtara ọzọ na mpempe akwụkwọ.[33][33]

1910-1922: New York ọzọ, na Krazy Kat

Àtụ:Wide imageN'afọ 1910, onye nchịkọta egwuregwu nke New York Evening Journal kpọrọ Herriman laghachi New York iji kpuchie Tad Dorgan onye nọ na San Francisco na-akọ Jack Johnson (boxer)">"Agha nke Narị Afọ" n'etiti Jack Johnson na Jim Jeffries.[35] Ụbọchị isii mgbe ọ bịarutere na New York, Herriman malitere The Dingbat Family, nke E. Pluribus Dingbat na ezinụlọ ya na-eme.[37] Herriman jiri mkpụrụedemede na-ede na July 26, 1910, mana ọ laghachiri ngwa ngwa na mkpụrụedemede aka.[38] N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1910, Herriman gbanwere aha ya bụ The Family Upstairs . Aha mbụ ahụ laghachiri mgbe e wepụrụ ya na Nọvemba 15, 1911, mgbe a kwatuchara ụlọ Dingbats iji mee ka ụlọ ahịa dị na ngalaba ma ha na ndị iro ha dị n'elu kewara ụzọ.[1]

Ndị nkatọ anaghị ele eriri ahụ anya nke ọma, mana ọ nyere ụgbọ ala maka ọnọdụ na-amị mkpụrụ: na July 26, òké tụbara brik na nwamba ezinụlọ ahụ - nke a na-akpọ "Kat" - nke kụrụ nwamba ahụ n'isi.[37] Ihe omume nke òké a na "Kat" nọgidere na-apụta na akụkụ ala nke Ezinụlọ Dingbat. Herriman kwuru na o mere nke a "iji mejupụta oghere mkpofu".[37] N'ihe dị ka otu ọnwa mgbe ọ pụtara na nke mbụ ya, "Kat" gburu n'elu òké ahụ na-ehi ụra wee susuo ya ọnụ n'olu dara ụda. Anụ ahụ tetara na-asị, "M rọrọ nrọ ka mmụọ ozi susuo m ọnụ", ebe "Kat" si na ya pụọ wee sị, "Ihe dị ụtọ".[40]

Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri na New York Evening Journal (January 3, 1911) N'elu, site n'aka ekpe: Gus Mager, Charles Wellington, HerrimanBottom, site n"aka ekpe: Harry Hershfield, Ike Anderson, Tad Dorgan  

Okike nke "Kat" edoghị anya site na mbido. Herriman nwalere mkpebi banyere okike nke onye ahụ, mana ọ nọgidere na-edoghị anya ma ọ ga-ezo aka na "Kat" dị ka "ya" ma ọ bụ "ya" dịka ọ hụrụ. Herriman tinyere nkọwa ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ime obere ihe ndị dị ka cacti, pagodas, ahịhịa mara mma, ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na-amasị ya; nke a ghọrọ akara nke Krazy Kat. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ toro ma n'oge na-adịghị anya gụnyere onye isi Bull Pupp na ndị sitere na Gooseberry Sprigg.[41] Ndị na-ese onyinyo, mmekọrịta na ọnọdụ ndị na-etolite n'oge ndụ ya, ndị ọrụ ibe Herriman gbara ume.[42]

Ihe nkedo nwamba na òké na-ewu ewu; kama imejupụta ohere na ala nke akụkụ nke Ezinụlọ Dingbat, ọ malitere ibi na ọkwa nke akụkụ nke ya.[43] Na Julaị 1912, mgbe Herriman nwere Dingbats na ezumike, Krazy Kat na Ignatz Mouse weghaara eriri ahụ, nke a kpọrọ Krazy Kat and I. Mouse maka oge ahụ.[44] N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1913, Krazy Kat malitere dị ka onye na-ese onyinyo onwe ya na peeji nke egwuregwu kwa ụbọchị.[43][43]

N' afọ ole na ole mbụ nke mbipụta, ọchị Krazy Kat gbanwere site na slapstick gaa n'ụdị Vaudevillian. Mgbanwe azụ ghọrọ ihe dị egwu, na-egosi ihe ndị na-abịa. Akara ahụ gbasaa ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ ojii na-acha ọcha na Sunday na Eprel 23, 1916.[lower-alpha 4] Herriman jiri echiche ya mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma jiri peeji ahụ dum mee ihe na nhazi nke eriri ahụ.[47] Akara ndị ahụ dị iche na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ dị na peeji nke egwuregwu; na-enweghị isi, na-enweghị obi ike, ma na-enweghị ntụpọ.[48]

Herriman gara Monument Valley na Arizona na ebe ndị yiri ya na New Mexico na ndịda Utah, ma tinye ụdị dị iche iche nke ọzara n'ime eriri ya. The Enchanted Mesa nke New Mexico pụtara na Krazy Kat n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1916. Herriman nwere ike ileta mgbe ọ gụsịrị edemede Theodore Roosevelt na 1913, mana ọ nwere ike ịga n'oge gara aga - ọzara Coconino County, Arizona, nke ghọrọ ihe ndabere Krazy Kat ka a kpọtụrụ aha na 1911 The Dingbat Family strip, ọ bụ ezie na ezigbo Coconino county dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ karịa nsụgharị Herriman.[49][50]Àtụ:Wide imageEzinụlọ Dingbat gwụchara na 1916 ma jiri Baron Bean dochie ya n' ya. Onye na-ese onyinyo ahụ, The Baron, bụ onye ogbenye nke England, onye na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla nke Charles Dickens na Charlie Chaplin kpaliri. Ya na onye na-ejere ya ozi Grimes ga-eme atụmatụ ụzọ isi gafee. Herriman mechara webata ndị nwunye ndị isi ihe nkiri ahụ, mgbe ọ gbasịrị ọsọ dị ka ihe eji eme ihe n'ụlọ, na mpụta oge ụfọdụ nke ndị sitere na ụwa Krazy Kat, ọ kwụsịrị na Jenụwarị 1919. A gbanwere ya n'echi ya site na Now Listen Mabel, nke bụ banyere nwa okorobịa na-achọ nwa agbọghọ; a ga-ejide ya n'ọnọdụ na-emebi emebi, nke ọ ga-anwa ịkọwa site na "Ugbu a gee Mabel ..." Akara ahụ dịgidere ruo na Disemba ahụ.[51]

Ndụ onwe onye

A kọwara Herriman dị ka onye na-eweda onwe ya ala, ọ chọghịkwa ise foto.[10] Akụkọ ọnwụ nke New York Journal-American kọwara ya dị ka di na nna raara onwe ya nye, nke nwere obere ọdịdị, omume dị nro na onye na-enye onyinye na-amaghị aha ya na ọrụ ebere.[81] Ọ na-emesapụ aka nye ndị enyi ya, ma ree ụlọ Hollywood mbụ ya, nke ọ zụrụ maka $ 50,000, nye enyi ya maka $ 40,000.[70] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye nzuzo, a sịrị na ọ bụ ezigbo onye ọbịa na ndị enyi ya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-agbachi nkịtị n'oge mmemme ma na-apụkarị n'ime ụlọ ahụ iji sa efere, nke o kwuru na ọ na-atọ ya ụtọ ka o nyere ya ohere iche echiche. Egwuregwu kachasị amasị ya bụ poker, nke ọ na-atọ ya ụtọ na ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ibe ya.[19]

Herriman nwere nnukwu ịhụnanya maka ụmụ anụmanụ, ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke nkịta na nwamba; o nwere nkịta ise na nwamba iri na atọ na 1934.[70][35] Ọ na-anọkarị na nri akwụkwọ nri, ma e wezụga mgbe ọ mere ka ọ dị ya ka ọ na-adịghị ike, ọ jụkwara ịgba ịnyịnya. Ọ nwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'ọnọdụ Ford" id="mwAic" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford nke na ọ ga-azụta naanị ụgbọala Ford. Ọ zụrụ ụdị ọhụrụ kwa afọ.[71]

Herriman lụrụ onye ọ hụrụ n'anya n'oge ọ bụ nwata bụ Mabel Lillian Bridge na Los Angeles na July 7, 1902.[15] Ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ: Mabel (1903-1962), nke a na-akpọ "Toodles" (mgbe e mesịrị "Toots") na Barbara (1908-1939), nke a kpọrọ "Bobbie", onye nwere epilepsy wee nwụọ na mberede na 1939 mgbe ọ dị afọ 31.[19][70]Àtụ:Wide imageỌkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze Arthur Asa Berger mere ka a mara ihe nketa agbụrụ dị iche iche nke Herriman na 1971. Mgbe ọ na-eme nchọpụta maka ntinye Herriman maka Dictionary of American Biography, Berger chọpụtara na edepụtara agbụrụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka "acha" na asambodo ọmụmụ ya nke ọ nwetara na New Orleans Board of Health. Nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 1880 maka New Orleans depụtara nne na nna ya dị ka "mulatto".[85] Mgbe ọ gụrụ nke a, onye Africa America na-ede uri Ishmael Reed raara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke 1972 Mumbo Jumbo nye "George Herriman, onye Africa-America, onye mepụtara Krazy Kat". A bịara mara Herriman dị ka Black ma ọ bụ Creole na akwụkwọ ndị na-atọ ọchị, gụnyere akụkọ ndụ mbụ ya, Krazy Kat: The Comic Art of George Herriman (1986), ebe akara "Grik" na-arapara na ụfọdụ ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ, Bill Blackbeard jikwa ya mee ihe na mmeghe ya na Krazy na Ignatz mpịakọta na mmalite afọ 2000.[86][87] Nnyocha e mechara mee na New Orleans Public Library site n'aka onye na-ese ihe nkiri Brian Nelson gosiri na a mụrụ nne nne Herriman na Havana, Cuba, na edepụtara ndị ikwu ya niile dị ka "mulatto" na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke 1890, nakwa na Herriman nwekwara ike ịnwe ndị nna nna Spanish ma ọ bụ Native American. [6]

Nnakwere na ihe nketa

E. E. Cummings dere okwu mmeghe nke akwụkwọ Krazy Kat mbụ na 1946.

Krazy Kat bụ onye a ma ama n'etiti ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ, ndị na-ese ihe na ndị nkatọ, na 1920s Herriman's modernist touches natara otuto. [88][94] N'afọ 1921, onye na-ede egwu bụ John Alden Carpenter, onye nwere mmasị n'ọrụ Herriman, bịakwutere ya ka ọ rụkọọ ọrụ na Krazy Kat ballet.[95] Onye isi ala Woodrow Wilson jụrụ ịhapụ akụkụ ọ bụla nke Krazy Kat, ọ ga-eburu ya gaa nzukọ ndị kansụl.[96]

Onye edemede E. B. White toro ihe osise Herriman maka Archy na Mehitabel.[67] Onye na-ese ihe nkiri Edward Sorel dere na enweghị ewu ewu Krazy Kat n' na-adịghị anya bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi iwu nchịkọta akụkọ Hearst, n'ihi na ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya "ndị na-enweghị isi" bụ ndị o lekwasịrị anya na ha agaghị enwe ekele maka ụdị ọrụ Herriman, ọ bụ ezie na Hearst n'onwe ya kwadoro ihe nkiri ahụ.[72] Mgbe ọnwụ Herriman gasịrị, a kwụsịrị ihe osise ahụ, n'adịghị ka ihe osise ndị a ma ama nke ndị na-ese ihe osise na-aga n'ihu mgbe ndị okike ha nwụsịrị. Ọdịdị ya dị otú ahụ nke na ọtụtụ iri afọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, e gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ụlọ ngosi nka.[97]

Kemgbe afọ 1997, Small Press Expo na-eme Ignatz Awards kwa afọ iji sọpụrụ òké Herriman si Krazy Kat. Ọ na-amata nkà na mbipụta na-atọ ọchị n'onwe ya.[114] Krazy Kat bụ onye mbụ na ndepụta nke Comics Journal nke ndị na-eme ihe ọchị kachasị ukwuu na narị afọ nke iri abụọ.[115] The Society of Illustrators webatara Herriman n'ime Hall of Fame ya na 2013.[116]

Ọrụ

Ụdị ejiji

N' ihe mgbochi yiri ka ọ bụ ihe odide ahụ - ihe odide ndị na-apụta ugboro ugboro, Krazy-Ignatz-Offisa Pupp triangle ịhụnanya - Herriman ji akụkọ ahụ, ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, na okike nke Krazy Kat.[117] N'etiti mmetụta dị iche iche Herriman gwakọtara n'ọrụ ya bụ nke Navajo na nke Mexico.[94][66] O jiri asụsụ mee ihe n'ụzọ dị mma, na-eji okwu mkparị asụsụ dị iche iche na ngwakọta dị iche iche nke asụsụ ndị si n'agbụrụ dị iche iche.[118][119][120][121] Herriman jiri usoro metafictional jikọtara ya na postmodernism; ihe odide ya maara onwe ya, ọ na-adọta uche n'onwe ya na ihe osise ya ugboro ugboro dị ka ihe osise na eriri ya, ọ na-emekwa ka njirimara nke asụsụ na ahụmịhe.[122][122] about="#mwt580" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"FOOTNOTEJohnson1999208"},"body":{"extsrc":"[[#CITEREFJohnson1999|Johnson 1999]], p. 208."},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Johnson"},"2":{"wt":"1999"},"p":{"wt":"208"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson1999208_129-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref">[./George_Herriman#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson1999208-129 [123]]