Henry Francis Downing
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Henry |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1846 |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 19 Febụwarị 1928 |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | sailor, ode akwukwo ifo, Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
Henry Francis Downing (c. 1846 - Febụwarị 19, 1928) [1] bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede. Nwa nwanne nna ya bụ Hilary RW Johnson, onye isi ala Liberia mbụ mụrụ n'Africa (1884–92). [2]
Akụkọ ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Henry Francis Downing na New York City wee kpọọ aha nna ya Henry. A maara nna nna ya onye na-azụ ahịa na onye na-ere oporo Thomas Downing. N'etiti ndị nne na nna Downing bụ onye na-eri nri na onye mkpochapụ George T. Downing, bụ onye na-azụ ahịa na-aga nke ọma na New York, Newport, Rhode Island, na Washington, DC.
Na 1864 Downing sonyeere ndị agha mmiri US na Brooklyn Navy Yard . [1] Dị ka BlackPast.org si kwuo, "akwụkwọ ndekọ ndị agha mmiri depụtara ya dị ka ọ gbapụrụ na 1865, ọ bụ ezie na e mesịrị kpughee na ọ hapụrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ịga olili ozu nna nkuchi ya, nne ya enwetawokwa mgbapụta ya ka o wee nyere ya aka". [1] Mgbe agha obodo US gasịrị, Downing malitere njem na gburugburu ụwa, wee rute n'ógbè America nke Liberia, bụ ebe o biri afọ atọ. [1] Mgbe ọ laghachiri na US na 1872, ọ debanyere aha ọzọ na ndị agha mmiri, na-eje ozi ruo 1875. [1]
UNa 1887, Grover Cleveland họpụtara Downing ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya Luanda, Angola, mana ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na 1888. N'ọgwụgwụ 1890, o duuru ndị Africa America nke New York City ka ha nwee mmasị na Comte de Paris . [3] Ná mmalite 1891, Onyeikpe William H. Amoux, onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii nke 200 Pan-Republican Congress, họpụtara Downing, ya na ndị ikom ndị ọzọ a ma ama, na Kọmitii Atụmatụ na Oke. [4]
N'ọnwa na-esote, Downing ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị Africa mbụ ndị America so ndị Reform Democrats rie nri. [5] Na June 1892, Downing, onye Democrat ogologo ndụ, sonyeere ndị Africa America ndị ọzọ n'isi ụlọ ọrụ Democratic. Ha kwenyere na ha ga-achọ njikọ ọzọ karịa Republican Party. [6] Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ gbara Sils na Ọkpara, ndị nwe ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Brooklyn akwụkwọ maka $10,000 maka mgbasa nke ọgbụgbọ ọgbụgbọ . Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ahụ, Downing abụrụla onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ozi Brooklyn . [7] [8] Na Nọvemba 4, 1892, onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ sonyeere C. Holliday nke Topeka na George PH McVay nke Harlem, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Uptown Press, na College Street Chapel maka mkparịta ụka. [9]
Mgbe ọ nọ na London, Downing lekwasịrị anya na ide ihe, na-ebipụta ọtụtụ egwuregwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ, The American Cavalryman: A Liberia Romance (1917). [10] Downing sitere na ndụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri America bụ Ira Frederick Aldridge, bụ onye mepụtara ọrụ na-eme Shakespeare na London na Europe. [11] Downing bụ "ma eleghị anya, onye mbụ sitere na Africa nwere egwuregwu nke ya nke e dere na nke e bipụtara na Britain." [12]
Nlaghachi na US na 1917, Downing biri na New York City n'ime afọ ikpeazụ ya. Ọ nwụrụ na February 19, 1928, na Harlem Hospital . [1]
Ihe nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ojii bụ Oscar Micheaux dabere na fim abụọ na ọrụ agụmagụ Downing. Afọ Iri Atọ nke Micheaux (1928) dabere na akụkọ / akwụkwọ akụkọ Downing, na ihe nkiri A Daughter of the Congo (1930) dabere na Downing's The American Cavalryman .
Ejije
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]na ọṅụṅụ Brooklyn akwụkwọ maka $10,000 maka mgbasa nke ọgbụgbọ ọgbụgbọ . Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ahụ, Downing abụrụla onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ozi Brooklyn . Na Nọvemba 4, 1892, onye nchịkọta
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Jessica Salo, "Downing, Henry Francis (1846-1928)", BlackPast.org
- ↑ Jeffrey Green, "125: Henry F. Downing, African American author in London 1895-1917", Post Card.
- ↑ The Daily Democrat. 1 Nov. 1890. Retrieved 4 Nov. 2017.
- ↑ "UNION OF REPUBLICS. THE PAN-REPUBLIC CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES APPOINTED." The New York Herald. 12 Jan. 1891. Retrieved 4 Nov. 2017.
- ↑ "ONE OF THE GUESTS A NEGRO," The New York Herald. 8 Feb. 1891. Retrieved 4 Nov. 1891.
- ↑ " COLORED DEMOCRATS ORGANIZE. THE REPUBLICAN PARTY NO LONGER THEIR PROTECTOR." The New York Times. 22 June. 1892. Retrieved 4 Nov. 2017.
- ↑ Boston Daily Globe. 9 Jul. 1892. Retrieved 4 Nov. 2017.
- ↑ "TO GUARD AGAINST CHOLERA." Chicago Tribune. 9 Jul. 1892. Retrieved 4 Nov. 2017
- ↑ "... Will be Mid Friday Evening, November 4th, at the College Street Chapel." Decatur Daily Republican. 3 Nov. 1892. Retrieved 4 Nov. 2017.
- ↑ Contee (1982). Dictionary of American Negro Biography, 188–189.
- ↑ Roberts (2012). "A London Legacy of Ira Aldridge: Henry Francis Downing and the Paratheatrical Poetics of Plot and Cast(e)". Modern Drama 55 (3): 386–406. DOI:10.3138/md.55.3.386.
- ↑ Chambers (2011). Black and Asian Theatre in Britain: A History. London: Routledge.