Ihe osise Yoruba

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Yoruba art
art by ethnic group, art movement
Akụkụ nkeYoruba culture Dezie
Oge/afọ mmalite13. century Dezie
ụdị ọrụ yaart of sculpture, textile art, architecture Dezie
agbụrụNdi Yoruba Dezie
Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọtaArt Institute of Chicago Dezie
Ihe mkpuchi maka Eze Obalufon II ; c. 1300 OA ; ọla kọpa; elu: 29.2 cm; chọpụtara na Ife ; Ife Museum of Antiquities ( Ife, Nigeria)

Ndị Yoruba nke West Africa ( Benin, Nigeria na Togo ) bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịnala nka dị iche na Africa, ọdịnala na-anọgide na-adị mkpa ma na-emetụta taa. [1]   Ọtụtụ n'ime nkà ndị Yoruba, gụnyere mkpara, uwe ụlọikpe, na ihe mkpuchi maka okpueze, jikọtara ya na ụlọikpe ndị eze. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ nyekwaara ọtụtụ ihe owuwu ụlọ dị ka ogidi veranda, ọnụ ụzọ ámá, na ọnụ ụzọ ndị e ji ihe osise chọọ mma. Nkà ndị Yoruba ndị ọzọ metụtara ụlọ arụsị na omenala mkpuchi. Ndị Yoruba na-efe nnukwu chi dị iche iche, a na-ejikwa ihe osise chọọ ụlọ arụsị ndị a raara nye chi ndị a mma ma na-arụkwa ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi ebe ịchụàjà na ihe ndị ọzọ e ji eme ememe. Omenala nkpuchi na-adịgasị iche na mpaghara, a na-ejikwa ụdị nkpuchi dị iche iche na mmemme na mmemme dị iche iche. [2]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ihe dị ka afọ 1300 OA, ndị na - ese ihe na Ife mepụtara ọdịnala a nụchara anụcha na nke okike na terracotta, nkume na ọla kọpa - ọla kọpa, ọla, na ọla - ọtụtụ n'ime ha yiri ka e kere n'okpuru nkwado nke Eze Obalufon II, nwoke ahụ. bụ onye a na-amata taa dị ka chi ndị Yoruba na-ahụ maka ịkwa ọla, ịkwa akwa na akwa akwa. [3] N'ime narị afọ itoolu gara aga, ọtụtụ alaeze ndị Yoruba ebilitela. Otu onye n’ime ha bụ Ife; Oyo sokwa na ndị mbụ, na ala eze Owa dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na Oyo. Benin malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma na omenala n'Ife ihe dị ka narị afọ nke iri na anọ ma ọ bụ tupu mgbe ahụ. Ndị na-ese Owa wetara ọmarịcha ihe osise ọdụ́ n'ụlọ ikpe Benin, ndị ọchịchị Owa gbanwekwara ma gbanwee ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ Benin na akara ndị isi.

Nkà na ndụ na omenala ndị Yoruba[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Omenala nka na nka n'etiti ndị Yoruba gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Ifá, na-egosi Orishas Ogun, Obatala, Oshun na Obalufon dị ka isi n'akụkọ ifo okike gụnyere nka (ya bụ nka nke mmadụ). >[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

Ka e wee ghọta nke ọma isi ihe art (onà) dị n’echiche ndị Yoruba, mmadụ ga-amarịrị maka ihe gbasara mbara igwe ha, bụ́ nke sitere na mmalite ịdị adị (ìwà) ruo n’otu chi Kasị Elu nke a na-akpọ Olódùmarè, bụ́ generator nke ase, ike na-enye ike na-akwado. na-agbanwe eluigwe na ala. Ndị Yoruba, nka malitere mgbe Olódùmarè nyere onye na-ese ihe bụ chi Obatala iwu ka ọ kpụzie ihe oyiyi mmadụ mbụ site na ụrọ. Taa, ọ bụ omenala ndị Yoruba na-arịọ ndị inyom dị ime ihe ọma na ekele: Ka Obatala ejiji nye anyị ezigbo ọrụ nka . [4]

Echiche ase na-emetụta ole n'ime nka ndị yoruba mejupụtara. N'ihe osise a na-ahụ anya, e nwere ike kewaa imewe ma ọ bụ n'usoro - "nchịkọta na-akwụsị akwụsị nke nkeji nke ihe niile dị iche ma na-ekekọrịta nha anya na nkeji ndị ọzọ." [5] A pụrụ ịhụ ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na trays Ifa na ọkwá, ogidi veranda, ọnụ ụzọ a kpụrụ akpụ, na ihe mkpuchi ndị nna ochie.

  • Ife head, terracotta, probably 12–14th centuries; height: 15.5 cm (6 in.)
    Ifeisi,terracotta, Ahụ anya anya awụ nke 12–14; elu: 15.5 cm (6)
  • Bust of a king or dignitary; 12th-15th century AD; terracotta; Ethnological Museum of Berlin (Germany); discovered at Ife (Nigeria)
    Bust nke eze ma ọ bụ onye isi; Narị afọ nke 12-15 AD; terracotta;Ethnological Museum nke Berlin(Germany); ntụra naIfe(Naijirịa)
  • Brooklyn Museum, Fragment of an Ife Head
    Ndị eze ihe ngosi nka Brooklyn, Iberibe Isi Ife
  • Ceremonial Ivory vessel
    mmiri mmiri emume
  • Decorated Panel Door
    azụ ụzọ Panel a mma
  • Female figure from Oke-Onigbin, Shango shrine.
    Ihe oyiyi nwanyị siOke-Onigbin,Shangoụlọ nsọ.
  • Head, probably of a king; 12th-14th century; terracotta; 26.7 × 14.5 × 18.7 cm (10.5 × 5.7 × 7.3 in.); Kimbell Art Museum (Fort Worth, Texas, USA)
    Isi, ma anya nke eze; àjà nke 12-14; terracotta; 26.7 × 14.5 × 18.7 cm (10.5 × 5.7 × 7.3 n'ime.);Kimbell Art Museum(Fort Worth,Texas, USA)
  • Yoruba peoples armlet (16th century)
    Armlet ndị Yoruba (narị afọ nke 16)

Mkpa Orí dị na nka na omenala ndị Yoruba[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọnụ ụzọ osisi (Ilekun) nwere ihe ndị a pịrị apị
Ndị ọrụ ígwè na osisi (Opa Orisha Oko); narị afọ nke 19; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn

Orí-Inú, ma ọ bụ isi ime mmụọ, dị ezigbo mkpa nye ndị Yoruba. Orí-Inú onye dị mkpa n’ihe gbasara ịdị adị n’ụwa. Ihe kacha mkpa na-aga na Orí maka ezinụlọ ọ bụla. Ya mere, a na-ewu ụlọ arụsị n'ụlọ. A na-ahụ anya Orí site na ihe atụ dị n'ime ịchụ àjà ma ọ bụ ememe, ma ọ bụ nke a na-ahụkarị n'ụlọ, ga-abụ ọnụ ọgụgụ isi terracotta. Orí na-enwekarị ike ikpebi ihe ga-esi ná ndụ onye ọ bụla pụta. Tupu etinye ya n'ụwa, onye ọ bụla ga-ahọrọ Orí nke ya. Ajala nwere ike na-emepụta Orí ọjọọ mgbe ụfọdụ, nke a nwere ike imetụta ndụ ndị ahụ. Àjà na emume na-eme kwa ka afọ ju Orí-Isese, bụ́ onye na-achị Orí nile. Ọrụ ndị bụ isi maka ịchụ-aja bụ ịchụpụ ihe ọjọọ na iweta ihe ọma na obi ụtọ. [6]

Amaghi ama na odee na nka Afrika[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Okwu nke amaghị aha na onye odee enyela nsogbu n'ubi akụkọ ihe mere eme nka n'Africa, ọkachasị dịka ọ metụtara ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị n'etiti Africa na West. [7] Ozi dị otú ahụ bụ, ma ọ dịkarịa ala na mbụ, a na-achọsi ike n'ọhịa ma were ya na ọ dịghị mkpa na ọbụna na-adịghị amasị ọtụtụ ndị nchịkọta. [2] Susan Mullin Vogel achọpụtala ihe mgbagwoju anya ọzọ. "[M] n'ime obodo ha," ka ọ na-ede, "A maara ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa na ọbụna ndị a ma ama, ma aha ha anaghị echekwa aha ha n'ihe metụtara ọrụ ụfọdụ ... Ọtụtụ mgbe, onye na-ese ihe n'Africa na-aghọ ihe na-adịghị mkpa na ndụ ihe nka mgbe ọrụ ya zuru ... Omenala na-echekwa ozi ha ji kpọrọ ihe. " [8]

Nkà ọla[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ndị na-eji oji ndị Yoruba na-emepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ site na ígwè, site na ịkụ aka, ịgbado ọkụ, na nkedo. A na-asọpụrụ Ogun dị ka chi ígwè.

Ndị na-arụ ígwè na-emepụtakwa ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla site na nkedo na-efunahụ . A na-ahụ brass dị ka ihe na-adịghị emebi emebi site n'aka ndị Ogboni .

  • Bronze head from Ife; 12th-15th century; brass; British Museum (London)
    Isi ọla si Ife; àjà nke 12-15;ọla kọpa;Ndị egwu egwu nke British(London)
  • Ceremonial axes; 18th century; from Owo (Ondo state, Nigeria); Speed Art Museum (Louisville, Kentucky, USA)
    Anyụike emume; àjà nke 18; siOwo(Ondo steeti, Nigeria );Igwe ihe ngosi nka Speed(Louisville,Kentucky, USA)
  • Ife altar ring,16th century, Brass or Copper alloy
    Ife altar ring,16th century, Brass or Copper alloy
  • Male figure; late 19th-early 20th century; cast bronze; Honolulu Museum of Art (Hawaii, USA)
    Ihe oyiyi nwoke; àjà adọ nke 19-mmalite nke 20; nkedo ọla;Ndị egwu egwu nke Honolulu(Hawaii, USA)
  • Pair of staffs (Edan Ogboni), male and female couple; 19th century; cast bronze and iron; Honolulu Museum of Art
    Otu ụzọ ọrụ (Edan Ogboni), di na ịhụnanya nwoke na nwoke; àjà nke 19; nkedo njikọ; Ndị egwu egwu nke Honolulu
  • Brass fan (Abebe), one of the ritual objects associated with the Yoruba goddess, Osun
    Brass fan (Abebe), otu n'ime ihe omume eji agwa na chi ekere Yoruba, Ọsun
  • Ijebu brass bracelet depicting a ram head, 18th century
    Mgbaaka ọla Ijebu na-egosi isi ebule, gụnyere afọ nke 18
  • Brass arm band or vessel stand, Ijebu, Yoruba, 19th century
    Brass armband or arians stand, Ijebu, Yoruba, 19th century
  • Beaded sword and Sheath, Nigeria, Yoruba people; beads, metal, fabric, coins, brass, cowry shells, leather - Chazen Museum of Art
    Mma agha bead na Sheath, Nigeria, ndị Yoruba; chaplet, ire, ire ego, brass, cowry shells, akpụkpọ anụ -Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Chazen
  • Shango ceremonial staff, 19th century, Brooklyn Museum
    Ndị ọrụ emumeShango, Afọ nke 19,ihe ngosi nka Brooklyn

Ivory na osisi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Arm band, Owo, Yoruba, 18th century AD, ivory - Ethnological Museum, Berlin
    Arm band, Owo, Yoruba, awụ nke 18 AD, ọdụ́ - Ethnological Museum, Berlin
  • 18th century ivory divination tapper (iroke ifa) from the Owo region. Brooklyn Museum
    narị afọ nke 18 ọdụm ịgba afa tapper (iroke ifa) from theOwo region.Ezi ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn
  • Ivory vessel cover, Owo, Yoruba, (1700s)18th Century
    ụgbọ mmiri Ivory,Owo, Yoruba, (1700s) ike awụ nke 18
  • Ivory armlets, Yoruba peoples, Owo region of Yorubaland, 16th century. This particular pair may have been part of the Olowo's ceremonial attire
    Armlets Ivory, ndị Yoruba, mpaghara Owo nkeAla Yoruba, Afọ afọ nke 16. Otu ụzọ a nwere ike ịbụ nke uwe emume Olowo
  • Ceremonial arm band from Owo 18th century AD, ivory - Ethnological Museum, Berlin
    Ememe ogwe aka sitere na Owo 18th century AD, ọdụdụ - Ethnological Museum, Berlin
  • Ceremonial ivory sword fragment, Udamaloore, Owo,19th century
    Iberibe mma agha ọdụm, Udamaloore, Owo, akpan afã nke 19

Terracotta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ife terracotta head dating to the 14th century. Heads (Orí) are a very prominent aspect of early Ife artistic forms
    Ife terracotta isi ngosi na ike awụ nke iri na anọ. Isi (Orí) bụ onye ọdịiche n'ụdị nka nka mbụ Ife
  • Memorial head with vertical facial striations typical of ife heads, Nigeria, 12th century AD, terracotta - Ethnological Museum, Berlin
    Isi USB nke nwere ihu kwụ ọtọ nke ụdị isi ife, Nigeria, ike awụ nke 12 AD, terracotta - Ethnological Museum, Berlin
  • Ife, memorial head of a king or notable with tribal marking/scarification above eyes, terracotta, 12th-15th century
    Ife, onye isi nke eze ma ọ bụ onye a ma nke nwere akara ebo/scarification n'elu anya, terracotta, akpan afụ nke 12-15

Yoruba Masquerade[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọchịchọ dị n'ọtụtụ ihe omimi nke Africa iji mata anụ ahụ dị ka ụgbọ nke na-etinye mkpụrụ obi n'ụwa akwadola iji ihe atụ nke masquerade mee ihe maka ebumnuche yiri ya. Egúngún, Gelede, na Epa so na ọtụtụ ụdị Masquerade ndị Yoruba na-eme. [ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

  • Gelede mask; Museu Afro Brasil (São Paulo, Brazil)
    Gelede n kpuchie;Museu Afro Brasil(Sao Paulo, Brazil)
  • Mask with 7 birds; 19th-20th century; Detroit Institute of Arts (USA)
    Ihe gbasara na gburugburu 7; àjà nke 19-20;Ndị ọrụ Detroit nke Arts(USA)
  • Mask with superstructure and two birds; 19th-20th century; Detroit Institute of Arts
    Nkpuchi na superstructure na akụkụ abụọ; àjà nke 19-20; Ndị ọrụ Detroit nke Arts
  • Headgear; circa 1900-1915; Detroit Institute of Arts
    Ihe omume isi; ihe dịka 1900-1915; Ndị ọrụ Detroit nke Arts
  • Carnival mask; circa 1950; Indianapolis Museum of Art (USA)
    Ihe omume nke Carnival; ihe dịka 1950;Ndị egwu egwu nke Indianapolis(USA)
  • Mask; wood; Hood Museum of Art (USA)
    Ihe omume; osisi;Hood Museum of Art(USA)
  • Efe-gelede mask; early 20th century AD; wood, indigo & white pigments; Krannert Art Museum (Illinois, USA)
    Ẹphe-gelede nkpuchi; akpa afọ nke 20 AD; osisi, indigo & ọcha pigmenti;Ndị ihe ngosi nka nke Krannert(Illinois, USA)
  • The Gelede Masked Festival in Cové, in Benin
    Ememe Gelede masked na Cové, naBenin

Okpueze ndị Yoruba[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Okpueze nke ejiri akwa bead ( ade ) nwere akwa mkpuchi, nke kachasị mma nke Oba, na-egosipụta ọchịchọ nke mmepeanya na ọkwa kachasị elu. Na ya seminal isiokwu na isiokwu, Robert F. Thompson dere, sị, "The okpueze incarnates intuition nke eze nna nna, mkpughe nke oké omume nghọta na onye nke eze, na ewute nke aesthetic ahụmahụ." [9]

  • Beaded Crown (Ade) of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu; late 19th or early 20th century; basketry frame covered by a stiffened cloth base which is embroidered with glass beads: white, blue, green, pink, red-orange, ochre, and violet; 57.8 x 21.6 cm (diameter) (22 3⁄4 x 8 1⁄2 in.); Brooklyn Museum (New York City)
    Beaded Crown (Ade) of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu; mbubreyo 19th ma ọ bụ nri ụtụtụ nke 20; nkata nkata ya na isi akwa siri ike nke enyo enyo gbachie: ọcha, blue, green, pink, red-oroma, ocher na violet; 57.8 x 21.6 cm (dayameta) (22 );Ezi ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn(New York City)
  • Yoruba royal ceremonial crown. Ade Nla or Ade Isenbaye. The beaded veil shields the Oba's own face and transforms him into a living embodiment of Odùduwà and the force of the collective ancestors. The birds signify that the Oba is a divine ruler. Half in the physical and half in the spiritual realms just as the birds can traverse both the terrestrial and the celestial. Musée du Quai Branly
    okpueze emume eze yoruba.Ade Nlama ọ bụAde Isenbaye. Mkpukpu akpụrụ akpụ na-echebe ihu ya n'Oba wee jiri ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị ndụ nke Odùduwà na ike ndị nna. Nnụnụ na-egosi na Oba bụ onye Chineke. Ọkara n'anụ ahụ na ọkara n'ime ime ike dị ka ihe oyiyi nwere ike ịgafe ma ụwa na nke lug.Musée du Quai Branly
  • Beaded Oba's royal coronet (Akoro), Indianapolis Museum of Art. The Akoro was smaller than an Adé and was usually worn by lesser ranking kings under a regional Oba.
    Beaded Oba's royal coronet (Akoro), Indianapolis Museum of Art. Akoro dị obere Adé, ndị eze dị obere na-eyikarị ya n'okpuru Oba mpaghara.
  • Yoruba 19th century copper alloy (brass) crown from Iperu following the typical Yoruba stem on cone ancestral crown designs. These crowns are used in the veneration of the paternal ancestors of Iperu (Ijebu) kings. The four staring faces represent the all-seeing gods or ancestors. Their protruding eyes signify when the spiritual eye replaces ordinary vision. The two figures with mudfish legs refer to supernatural powers in two realms, land and water, or reality and spirit.
    Yoruba eje nke 19 ọla kọpa alloy (ọla) okpueze sitere naIperuna-agbaọsọ ụdị osisi Yoruba n'ụdị okpueze cone. A na-eji okpueze ndị a na- ike ndị nna nna nke ndị eze Iperu (Ijebu). Ihu anɔ ahụ na-ele anya na- anya chi ma ọ bụ ndị nna ochie na-ahụ ihe niile. Anya ha na-egosipụta na-egosi anya ime ime akọwa n'chiri anya anya. Akọbụrụ ahụ nwere ikike ụkwụ apịtị na-ezo aka na ike ụmụaka nke mmadụ n'ebe abụọ, ala na mmirika, ma ọ bụ eziokwu na ike.
  • Royal headdress called Orikogbofo were lighter versions of ancestral crowns, which were often heavy and cumbersome. The orikogbofo fulfilled the function of keeping the Oba's head always covered, for it was taboo for an Oba to be seen bare headed. This style is now popular across southern Nigeria worn by various royals in the region. Remnant tassels of a beaded veil that should completely shield the Oba's face has been extensively reduced to a few convenient strings.
    Okpueze ndị nna ochie a na-akpọOrikogbofobụ obere okpueze ndị nna ochie, nke na-agha arọ ma dị egwu. Orikogbofo mezuru oru nke idebe isi oba mgbe nile, n'ihi na oburu na oba ka a hu onye isi n'isi. Ụdị a na-ewu ewu ugbu a n'ofe ndị Naijiria nke ndị eze dị iche iche na mpaghara ahụ na-eyi. Mgbọrọgwụ tassels nke akwa nhọrọ nke kwesịrị ichebe ihu Oba kpamkpam belala ka ọ bụrụ eriri dị mma ole na ole.
  • Yoruba ancestral royal crown (Ade Nla)
    Yoruba ancestral royal crown (Ade Nla)
  • Beaded Crown (Ade) of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu, The Ogoga of Ikere Ekiti; late 19th century; basketry frame, covered with beaded cloth; 95.9 x 24.1 cm (37 3⁄4 x 9 1⁄2 in.); Brooklyn Museum
    Beaded Crown (Ade) of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu, The Ogoga of Ikere Ekiti; iche afọ nke 19; nkata nkata, ya na akwa akwa; 95.9 x 24.1 cm (37 ); Ezi ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn

Alarinjo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Olufeko n'ime Eredo nke Sungbo na-ejide ihe nketa <i id="mwAdk">nke Philosophers Legacy</i> na 2017

E nwekwara ụdị ihe nkiri ọdịnala a ma ama dị ka Alarinjo nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'oge ochie nke nyekwaara ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria nke oge a ọtụtụ ihe. 

Esiẹ Museum[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka dị na Esiẹ, Irepodun ( Kwara steeti), bụ nke mbụ e hiwere na Nigeria mgbe ọ mepere na 1945. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nwere mgbe ihe karịrị otu puku ihe oyiyi ma ọ bụ ihe oyiyi na-anọchi anya mmadụ. A na-ekwu na ọ nwere ihe oyiyi ncha ncha kacha ukwuu n'ụwa. [10] Akwukwara na ọrụ nka ya yiri nke omenala Nok . N'oge a, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Esie bụ ebe a na-eme mmemme okpukpe ma na-eme mmemme n'ọnwa Eprel kwa afọ. 

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Drewal (1989). in Wardwell: Yoruba : nine centuries of African art and thought. New York: Center for African Art in Association with H.N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-1794-7. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Adande (2009). African art a century at the Brooklyn Museum. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Museum [u.a.]. ISBN 978-0-87273-163-9.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Brooklyn Museum" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Blier (2015). Art and Risk in Ancient Yoruba: Ife History, Politics, and Identity c. 1300. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107021662. 
  4. ↑ Clarke (2007). Embodying the sacred in Yoruba art : featuring the Bernard and Patricia Wagner Collection. Atlanta, Ga.: High Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-932543-20-9. 
  5. ↑ Drewal (1987). "Composing Time and Space in Yoruba Art". Word and Image: A Journal of Verbal/Visual Enquiry 3 (3): 225–251. DOI:10.1080/02666286.1987.10435383. 
  6. ↑ Abiodun (2014). Yoruba Art and Language: Seeking the Art in African Art. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 
  7. ↑ Picton (1994). in Rowland Abiọdun: The Yoruba artist : new theoretical perspectives on African arts ; [based on a 1992 symposium held at the Museum Rietberg Zürich]. Washington [u.a.]: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1560983396. 
  8. ↑ Vogel (Spring 1999). "Known Artists by Anonymous Works". African Arts 32 (1): 40, 42, 50. DOI:10.2307/3337537. 
  9. ↑ Thompson (1972). in Douglas Fraser: African art & leadership. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 227–260. ISBN 0299058204. 
  10. ↑ Esie Museum. All Africa. Retrieved on 1 February 2013.

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