Nchịkọta Van Tilburg
Mkpokọta Van Tilburg bụ mkpokọta nka na Mahadum Pretoria nke nwere arịa ụlọ narị afọ nke 17 na nke 18, eserese, ceramik Delft na ọrụ nka ndị ọzọ, ma gụnye nnukwu mkpokọta South Africa ihe seramiiki China. Nchịkọta seramiiki nke ọwụwa anyanwụ nwere 1699 iberibe ụrọ, ngwa okwute na poselin sitere na 2000 BC ruo mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ. [1]
JA Van Tilburg [2] nyefere nchịkọta ceramik nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na nke Europe, arịa ụlọ, eserese, ọrụ eserese, kapeeti na ngwa igwe na Mahadum Pretoria na 19 Nọvemba 1976. Nchịkọta a gụnyere ceramics ndị China sitere na 2000 BC, arịa ụlọ sitere na 1100 AC, ọtụtụ ihe osise Europe na vases sitere na mkpokọta nke Emperor Kangxi .
Ihe atụ nke ceramik ndị China sitere na Qin (221-206 BC), Han (202 BC - AD 220), Tang (AD 618-906), Song (AD 960-1279), Ming (1368-1644) na Qing (1644- 1912) Enwere ike ịhụ usoro eze na nchịkọta a. Enwekwara ihe atụ nke Japanese Arita na Imari poselin na ceramics Annamese (Vietnamese), yana ihe atụ 63 nke ụrọ Delft mbụ. Ọ gụnyere efere, ihe ndozi na ite ifuru. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ogwe atọ nwere taịlị Delft nke narị afọ 50 nke 17.
N'ime ndị okenye iberibe na nchịkọta Tang funerary wares e nwere a beige amphora na dragọn aka, a-ahụkarị polychrome oyiyi nke Ch'I-t'ou na anụ isi na a 'agba atọ' (green / aja aja / odo) phoenix isi pilgrim flask. Enwere ndị nche ili Tang lokapala nke Fang-Hsiang guzo n'elu oke ehi na-anọdụ ala. A na-eme ndị nlekọta ndị a akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ụdị anụmanụ, ma na-echekwa mmụọ ọjọọ pụọ n'ili nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Otu n'ime ngwaahịa Tang bụ ite n'oge na-acha nchara nchara, nke Emperor Taizong nke usoro ndị eze Tang nyere ya na ebe obibi ndị mọnk Taoist na mbụ iji mee ncheta mmeri o meriri ndị Turkey Eastern na AD 630.
Nchịkọta Van Tilburg nwere ihe nnọchianya nke nchịkọta egwu egwu: ọtụtụ Celadon, ole na ole Ding wares, itoolu Cizhou wares na ole na ole Junyao wares. A na-eji Celadon na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ọkara translucent, nke dịgasị iche na agba site na isi awọ-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Ngwa ahịa Junyao enweghị mgbagha n'ihi agba anụnụ anụnụ, odo odo na odo odo. Enwere ihe Junyao asaa na mkpokọta.
Nchịkọta a nwere 550 iberibe Ming poselin, nke 323 n'ime ha bụ acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọcha. Enwere chaja Ming Swatow 40 na ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị nta dị ka ọkwá, flasks, efere na iko. A na-ahụ ihe atụ nke Chenghua (1465-1487), Hongzhi (1488-1505), Zhengde (1506-1521), Jiajing (1522-1566) na Wanli (1573-1619) ngwaahịa na mkpokọta.
Kangxi (1662-1722) na Qianlong (1736-1795) nke kwesịrị ịrịba ama bụ chaja chaja na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọcha, ite uhie na-acha uhie uhie na ememe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọcha nwere oghere abụọ n'akụkụ. Enwere ọtụtụ efere polychrome Kangxi ' Famille verte ' na Qianlong ' Famille rose ' na mkpokọta. Nchịkọta ahụ nwere ụzọ ite 'Famille noire' nke bụ nke Emperor Kangxi.
E nwekwara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Imperial Japanese iberibe na mkpokọta, n'etiti ha a-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọcha Arita gendi na Arabian ormolu moldings, ihe mmalite narị afọ nke 19-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọcha Arita chaja mma na Ifuru ka ndụ na pọmigranet, a nnukwu ite na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọcha mma na ndị ụkọchukwu na okooko osisi, na ọtụtụ polychrome iberibe Japanese poselin, dị ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Imari tii tent na efere na a Kakeimon efere si banyere 1650 mma na asatọ panels na a odida obodo.
Nchịkọta Van Tilburg nwere ọtụtụ ite Swatow, ọkwá, efere na chaja na-anọchi anya ụdị ịchọ mma niile dị iche iche.
Enweela ntule [3] na o nwere ike ịbụ na ezinụlọ ndị Juu kwakọrọ ngwongwo Van Tilburg n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ . Enwere otutu mgbasa ozi na-adịghị mma gburugburu onyinye na mahadum na ikpe ikpe na Netherlands n'oge 1970s. [4]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Museums & Collections - Van Tilburg Collection. University of Pretoria. Archived from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved on 15 June 2015.
- ↑ Museums & Collections - Van Tilburg Collection. University of Pretoria. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved on 15 June 2015.
- ↑ The Nazi origins of Tuks's pride and joy. Mail & Guardian. Retrieved on 15 June 2015.
- ↑ Jacob van Tilburg loses his head. Mail & Guardian. Retrieved on 15 June 2015.