Ndị Dị n'Oké Osimiri

Ndị nke Abyss

ọrụ edemede
Oge/afọ mmalite	1902
aha	The People of the Abyss
Isiokwu nlebanya	East End of London
ụdị	na-abụghị akụkọ ifo
nwere mbipụta ma ọ bụ ntụgharị asụsụ	The People of the Abyss, The People of the Abyss
Odee akwụkwọ	Jack London
mba osi	Njikota Obodo Amerika
asụsụ eji dee ọrụ	Bekee
afọ/ụbọchị mbipụta	1903
ebe akụkọ	East End of London, England
copyright status	Public domain, Public domain

Dorset Street in London's notorious Whitechapel district, photographed in 1902 for *The People of the Abyss*

The People of the Abyss (1903) bụ akwụkwọ Jack London dere, nke nwere akụkọ mbụ ya banyere ọtụtụ izu o biri na Whitechapel district nke East End nke London na 1902. ^[1] London nwara ịghọta ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke mpaghara a na-adịghị mma nke obodo, na-ehi ụra n'ụlọ ọrụ ^[2] ma ọ bụ n'okporo ámá, na ịnọ dị ka onye ọbịa na ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. Ọnọdụ ndị o nwetara ma dee banyere ya bụ otu ihe ahụ e mere atụmatụ na ihe dị ka 500,000 nke ndị ogbenye London nọ n'oge a diri.

Ihe mbụ na ihe nketa

Enweela ọtụtụ akụkọ gara aga banyere ọnọdụ mkpọmkpọ ụlọ na England, ọkachasị Ọnọdụ nke Klas na-arụ ọrụ na England (1845) nke Friedrich Engels dere. Ọtụtụ dabere na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ, n'adịghị ka akaụntụ nke London. Mgbasa ozi nke oge a maka akwụkwọ ahụ jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-akpali akpali nke Jacob Riis Olee otú ọkara ndị ọzọ si ebi ndụ (1890), bụ nke dekọrọ ndụ na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke New York City na 1880s. ^[3]

George Orwell sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ndị mmadụ nke Abyss, nke ọ gụrụ n'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. N'afọ ndị 1930, ọ malitere igbanwe onwe ya dị ka onye na-adịghị mma ma mee njem nlegharị anya na mpaghara dara ogbenye na London. Enwere ike ịhụ mmetụta nke The People of the Abyss na Down na Out na Paris na London na Ụzọ Wigan Pier . ^[4]

N'ịtụle akwụkwọ maka Daily Express, onye nta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Bertram Fletcher Robinson dere na ọ ga-esi ike ịchọta olu na-akụda mmụọ karị. ^[5]

Nkọwa okwu

Mgbe London dere akwụkwọ ahụ, okwu ahụ bụ " Abyss ", na nkọwa ya nke Hell, bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-ezo aka na ndụ ndị ogbenye bi n'obodo ukwu. Ọ pụtara na HG Wells 'ewu ewu 1901 akwụkwọ Anticipations ọtụtụ ugboro, yana nkebi ahịrịokwu "Ndị nke abis", ^[6] nke ọ ga-eji ọzọ n'Isi nke 3 nke Mankind in the Making (1903). Na 1907 London jiri okwu ahụ bụ "ndị abyss" na The Iron Heel, ^[7] ọrụ nke akụkọ ifo sayensị dystopian nke edobere na United States. ^[8]

Akwụkwọ akụkọ

Rees, Rosemary; Shephard, Colin, "OCR Ihe Ọmụmụ Ihe omimi nke Britain 1906-1918: Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe nke Britain", London : Hodder Murray, Jan 23, 2002, Ntụaka - Page 10 Isi mmalite 4

Hụkwa

Victorian Slum House, usoro BBC gbasara ihe ntụrụndụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ebe mkpọda ụlọ na ndị bi na East End nke London.

Edensibia

mmalite ndị ọzọ, n'adịghị ka akaụntụ nke London. Mgbasa ozi nke oge a maka akwụkwọ ahụ jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-akpali akpali

↑ Swafford (2015). "Among the Disposable: Jack London in the East End of London". The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 48 (2): 15–40. DOI:10.1353/mml.2016.0002.
↑ Richard Gray - the Lycanthorpe.
↑ Shaw (1903). The American Monthly Review of Reviews. Review of Reviews. Retrieved on 11 November 2017. “It tingles with the vitality of his fiction, and with a directness only possible from a man who knows London as Jacob Riis knows New York.”
↑ Shelden (1991). Orwell: The Authorized Biography. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-016709-2. p. 62. Orwell read The People of the Abyss while at St. Cyprians; London's book was a "definite source of inspiration"; Orwell "was following its example" (p. 121).
↑ "difficult to find a more depressing volume", Ashburton Guardian, January 9, 1904, p. 2.
↑ Wells [1901] (1999). Anticipations of the Reactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and Thought. New York: Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-40673-3.
↑ Rideout (1992). The Radical Novel in the United States, 1900-1954. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08077-8. “London focuses his climax on 'the People of the Abyss' — H. G. Wells' phrase now appears as a chapter title."”
↑ Theodore Dalrymple, "The Dystopian Imagination," in Our Culture, What's Left of It (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2005)}, p. 106.

Templeeti:Gutenberg

Templeeti:Librivox book
Online text of the 1903 edition Templeeti:Webarchive of The People of the Abyss, with illustrationsTempleeti:Jack London novels

[1] Swafford (2015). "Among the Disposable: Jack London in the East End of London". The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 48 (2): 15–40. DOI:10.1353/mml.2016.0002.

[2] Richard Gray - the Lycanthorpe.

[3] Shaw (1903). The American Monthly Review of Reviews. Review of Reviews. Retrieved on 11 November 2017. “It tingles with the vitality of his fiction, and with a directness only possible from a man who knows London as Jacob Riis knows New York.”

[4] Shelden (1991). Orwell: The Authorized Biography. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-016709-2. p. 62. Orwell read The People of the Abyss while at St. Cyprians; London's book was a "definite source of inspiration"; Orwell "was following its example" (p. 121).

[5] "difficult to find a more depressing volume", Ashburton Guardian, January 9, 1904, p. 2.

[6] Wells [1901] (1999). Anticipations of the Reactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and Thought. New York: Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-40673-3.

[7] Rideout (1992). The Radical Novel in the United States, 1900-1954. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08077-8. “London focuses his climax on 'the People of the Abyss' — H. G. Wells' phrase now appears as a chapter title."”

[8] Theodore Dalrymple, "The Dystopian Imagination," in Our Culture, What's Left of It (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2005)}, p. 106.

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