Paule Marshall
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Paule |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Marshall |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 9 Eprel 1929 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Brooklyn |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 12 Ọgọọst 2019 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Richmond |
| ihe kpatara ọnwụ | dementia |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | American English, Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | odee akwụkwọ, ode akwukwo ifo |
| onye were ọrụ | Yale University, University of California, Berkeley |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Brooklyn College, Hunter College |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
Paule Marshall (Eprel 9, 1929 - Ọgọst 12, 2019) bụ onye odee America, mara amara maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mpụta mbụ ya na 1959 Brown Girl, Brownstones . Na 1992, mgbe ọ dị afọ 63, e nyere Marshall onyinye MacArthur Fellowship .
Ndụ na ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Marshall Valenza Pauline Burke na Brooklyn, New York. [1] Adriana Viola Clement Burke na Sam Burke na Eprel 9, 1929. Nna Marshall esiwo n'agwaetiti Caribbean nke Barbados kwaga New York na 1919 na, n'oge ọ bụ nwata, gbahapụrụ ezinụlọ ahụ ịbanye n'òtù okpukpe dị iche iche, na-ahapụ nwunye ya ka ọ zụọ ụmụ ha naanị ya. [2] Marshall dere banyere otú ọrụ ya si bụrụ mmụọ site n'ikiri mmekọrịta nne ya na asụsụ: "Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ, ụdị dị ọnụ ala nke nne m na ndị enyi ya nwere. O weghachiri ha n'echiche nke onwe ha ma mee ka ha nwekwuo ùgwù. Site n'asụsụ. ha nwere ike imeri mmechuihu nke ụbọchị ọrụ n'ihu ụwa ha na-enweghị ike ịgbachitere, ha gbabara n'asụsụ." [3] N'ịbụ onye na-ede uri Paul Laurence Dunbar, Marshall gbanwere aha ya site na Pauline ka ọ bụrụ Paule (na nkịtị e) mgbe ọ dị afọ 12 ma ọ bụ 13. [4]
Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Bushwick wee debanye aha na Hunter College, Mahadum City nke New York, na atụmatụ nke ịghọ onye ọrụ mmekọrịta. Ọ rịara ọrịa n'oge mahadum wee were ezumike otu afọ, n'oge nke o kpebiri ịga akwụkwọ na English Literature, [5] mechara nweta nzere bachelọ nke Arts na kọleji Brooklyn na 1953 na nzere nna ya ukwu na Hunter College na 1955. [6] [7] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, Marshall dere maka World Anyị, akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ekesa nke mba a na-edezi maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ America-American, bụ nke o kwuru na ọ kụziiri ịdọ aka ná ntị ya na ederede ma mesịa nyere ya aka n'ịde akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Brown Girl, Brownstones . [8] Na 1950, ọ lụrụ onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ bụ Kenneth Marshall; ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 1963. N'afọ ndị 1970, ọ lụrụ Nourry Menard, onye ọchụnta ego Haiti . [9]
Na-arụ ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]mmụọ site n'ikiri mmekọrịta nne ya na asụsụ: "Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ, ụdị dị ọnụ ala nke nne m na ndị enyi ya nwere. O weghachiri ezumike otu afọ, n'oge nke o kpebiri ịga akwụkwọ na English Literature, mechara
- Nwa agbọghọ Brown, Brownstones (Ụlọ Random, 1959; The Feminist Press, 1981)
- Aka na-akụ mkpụrụ obi na-abụ abụ (akwụkwọ akụkọ anọ dị mkpụmkpụ; Atheneum, 1961)
- Ebe ahọpụtara, ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe (Harcourt, 1969)
- Reena na Akụkọ Ndị Ọzọ (The Feminist Press na CUNY, 1983)
- Abụ otuto maka nwanyị di ya nwụrụ (Putnam, 1983 ) (Ewegharịrị 2021, McSweeney's; mkpuchi siri ike ), na mmalite nke Opal Palmer Adisa .)
- Merle: A Novella, na Akụkọ Ndị Ọzọ (Virago Press, 1985)
- Ụmụ nwanyị (Atheneum, 1991)
- Eze Fisher : Akwụkwọ akụkọ (2001)
- Ụzọ Triangular : A Memoir (Akwụkwọ ndị bụ isi nke Civitas, 2009)
Kwuo okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]"Aghọtara m na ọ bụ ihe ejiji ugbu a ịchụpụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ọdịnala dị ka ihe anachronism, mana m ka ọ ka bụ ụdị dị mkpa. Ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-enye ohere maka ụdị ederede zuru oke, nke zuru oke nke m hụrụ n'anya ... ọ na-enye m ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa yana ịchọpụta ma ọnọdụ ime nke ndị m na-agụ, yana ụwa ndị gafere ha." [10]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Innes. "Paule Marshall obituary", The Guardian, August 19, 2019.
- ↑ Dance, Daryl Cumber. "An Interview of Paule Marshall", The Southern Review 28, no. 1 (Winter 1992).
- ↑ "Notes From the Book Review Archives", The New York Times, March 20, 2018, reprinting excerpt from 1983 essay by Marshall.
- ↑ Lee (March 11, 2009). Voyage of a Girl Moored in Brooklyn. The New York Times.
- ↑ Hoffman (12 March 2008). Marshall, Paule (1929–2019). BlackPast. Retrieved on August 18, 2019.
- ↑ Timar. Postcolonial Studies @ Emory.
- ↑ Cardwel,Candace, "Marshall, Paule", in Paul Finkelman, Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present, Oxford University Press, USA, 2009, p. 263.
- ↑ Pettis (1991). "A MELUS Interview: Paule Marshall". MELUS 17, No. 4, Black Modernism and Post-Modernism (Winter 1991–Winter 1992) (4): 117–129. DOI:10.2307/467272.
- ↑ "Paule Marshall", Voices from the Gaps – University of Minnesota.
- ↑ De Veaux, Alexis, "Paule Marshall: In Celebration of Our Triumph", Essence, May 1979.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ajụjụ ọnụ ọdịyo 1991 na Paule Marshall na Wired for Books.org nke Don Swaim.
- "Paule Marshall – Triangular Road – Part 1", Connie Martinson Talks Books .
- "Paule Marshall: Coming of Age" .
- Felicia R. Lee, "Njem njem nke nwa agbọghọ na Brooklyn", The New York Times, Maachị 11, 2009.