Robert Charles Bates
Robert Charles Bates | |
|---|---|
| Born |
27 Jenụwarị 1869 Columbia, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | Mee 2, 1950 (aged 81) Spencer, New York, U.S. |
| Other names | R. Charles Bates, Robert C. Bates |
| Occupation | Architect, educator |
| Known for | Design of early campus buildings at Claflin University, possibly the first Black teacher of architecture at a HBU, possibly the first African-American architecture textbook author |
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Robert |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Bates |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Columbia |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, textbook writer, onye nkuzi |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
Robert Charles Bates (January 27, 1869 - Mee 2, 1950), [1] bụ onye America na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, onye nkuzi na onye ode akwụkwọ. [2] [3] Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke America ma nyere aka chepụta na wuo ọtụtụ ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Claflin, mahadum ojii na-ahụ maka akụkọ ihe mere eme (HBU) na South Carolina. [2] [4] [5] A na-eche na ọ bụ onye nkuzi ojii mbụ nke ụlọ na HBU; na onye mbụ African American odee nke akwụkwọ ụkpụrụ ụlọ. [6] [7]
Akụkọ ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Robert Charles Bates na Jenụwarị 27, 1869, na Columbia, South Carolina, ebe nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ugbo. [1] A na-eche na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nzikọrịta ozi n'ihe osise (ikekwe site na Scranton Correspondence School na Scranton, Pennsylvania). [1] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Normal University nke Clafin ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi, mana ọ dị mkpụmkpụ afọ abụọ site na ngụsị akwụkwọ. </link>[ <span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">mgbe ole?</span> ] [1]
Na mgbanwe nke ihe omume na n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nlekọta nke ọzụzụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka na Mahadum Claflin, nke Freedmen's Aid Society na Southern Education Society kpebiri. </link>[ <span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">mgbe ole?</span> ] [1] Ka ọ na-erule ọdịda nke 1890, Bates nọ na-akụzi ịse ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Claflin, a kwenyere na ọ bụ onye nkụzi ojii mbụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na HBU. [1] [8] [7] Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ dabere na nkuzi klaasị ya, n'agbanyeghị na edeghị ya nke ọma, ọ nwere ike ịbụ akwụkwọ ihe owuwu mbụ nke onye Africa America dere. [1] [6]
Site na 1897 ruo 1900, Bates kwagara Upstate New York iji kuzie ihe osise na Elmira Reformatory . [1] Ndị na-esochi ya site n'ịkụzi azụmaahịa aka aka na Jacob Tome Institution maka ndị oji na-eto eto na ụmụ mgbei na Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland. [1] [9]
Amabeghị ọtụtụ nkọwa gbasara ndụ Bate. [1] Agụnyere profaịlụ Bates na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865–1945 (2004).
Bates nwụrụ na Spencer, New York, na Mee 2, 1950, mgbe ọ dị afọ 81. [10]
Mbipụta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Bates (1892). The Elementary Principles of Architecture and Building. Boston, MA: Press of Geo. H. Ellis.
Na-arụ ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- T. Willard Lewis Chapel (1890) na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina [1]
- Fisk Building (isi ụlọ, 1899) ụlọ elu ugwu na ndịda na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina (ọkụ bibiri na 1913) [1] [2] [11] [12]
- Fisk Building (isi ụlọ, 1900) mgbakwunye klaasị na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina (ọkụ bibiri na 1913) [1]
- Ụlọ nkuzi nkuzi John F. Slater na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina [1]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- African-American architects
- Robert Robinson Taylor, onye nkuzi ojii mbụ nke ụlọ na HBU
- William Wilson Cooke, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke America na Claflin
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị na mmemme mgbatị ahụ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Otis Art Institute, Los Angeles City College, na Los Angeles Trade-Technical College . [13] Bankhead gbalịrị ịrụ ọrụ na
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Wilson (March 2004). "Robert Charles Bates", African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (in en). Routledge, 38–40. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "AA Architects" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Vintage Orangeburg/Day 34: Claflin established by state charter to assist freed slaves (en). The Times and Democrat (December 10, 2014). Retrieved on 2023-03-03. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Wilkins (2016-03-10). Diversity Among Architects: From Margin to Center (in en). Routledge, 120. ISBN 978-1-317-47927-7.
- ↑ Claflin University (1869- ) (en-US). BlackPast.org (2010-07-06). Retrieved on 2023-03-03.
- ↑ "Exhibition celebrates Claflin's 125th anniversary", The Times and Democrat, 1994-09-16, pp. 1. Retrieved on 2023-03-03.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bell (2014-08-01). Space Unveiled: Invisible Cultures in the Design Studio (in en). Routledge, 18. ISBN 978-1-317-65911-2. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Weiss (2012-01-01). Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington (in en). NewSouth Books, 48–49. ISBN 978-1-58838-248-1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Suggs. "A dozen things you need to know about Claflin University", The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved on 2023-03-03. (in English)
- ↑ "Succeeds Dr. F. R. Lane", The Baltimore Sun, 1908-12-14, pp. 10. Retrieved on 2023-03-03.
- ↑ "Professor Bates dies in Spencer", The Ithaca Journal, 2 May 1950. Retrieved on 15 August 2023.
- ↑ Brooks (2011-09-30). Historically Black Colleges and Universities: An Encyclopedia (in en). ABC-CLIO, 52. ISBN 978-0-313-39415-7.
- ↑ Hill (2013). African Americans of Orangeburg County (in en). Arcadia Publishing, 24. ISBN 978-0-7385-9880-2.
- ↑ Wilson (2004-03-01). African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (in en). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-95628-8.