Tangale language
| Obere ụdị nke | Tangalic |
|---|---|
| Mba/obodo | Naijiria |
| Ụmụ amaala ka | Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria), Ȯra Gombe, Billiri, Kaltungo, Shongom |
| Usoro ederede | Latin script |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 6b Threatened |
Tangale (Tangle) bụ asụsụ West Chadic a na-asụ na mpaghara Northern nke Naịjịrịa. A na-ahụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala ahụ gafee Akko, Billiri, Kaltungo na Shongom mpaghara Ọchịchị nke Gombe Steeti Niajịrịa .
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E nwere ụdaume Tangale itoolu. Nke ọ bụla na-apụta n'ụdị dị ogologo na nke dị mkpirikpi: 22[1]
| N'ihu | Nlaghachi | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mechiri | meghere | mechiri | ||
| Elu | i | ɪ | ʊ | u |
| N'etiti | e | ɛ | ɔ | o |
| Ala Dị Ala | a | |||
E nwere ihe ruru ụdaume iri atọ na anọ n'asụsụ ahụ, gụnyere nkwụsị implosive, nkwụsị prenasalized, na ụdaume labialized.: 20 Asụsụ ahụ na-eji ọkwa abụọ nke ụda dị iche iche.: 27[1][1]
Akụkụ dị ịrịba ama nke Tangale bụ nkwekọrịta ụdaume. Suffixes na-achịkwa ma ụdaume niile dị n'okwu na-emeghe ma ọ bụ mechie.
Aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha nwere nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị, mana nke a anaghị egosi na aha.: 28 A na-ahụ ọdịiche dị na okike naanị na usoro nkwekọrịta (okike zoro ezo).[1] A naghị akara aha maka ọtụtụ, ma e wezụga okwu "nwatakịrị" nke nwere ụdị ọtụtụ na-adịghị mma. A suffix -i na-egosi aha doro anya.: 31 Aha nwekwara ike iwere suffix possessive, nke na-edepụta onye nwe aha ahụ (nkwekọrịta onye nwe ya).[1][1]
Ngwaa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-ejikọta ngwaa na mgbọrọgwụ nke ụdị nkewa ndị a: CVC-, CVːC-, CV(m)CC-, na CVCː-.: A na-etinye mgbọrọgwụ 39 maka ọtụtụ okwu n'ụzọ itoolu dị iche iche gụnyere reduplication, suffixation, infixation na devoicing.[1] Otu subclass nke ihe dị ka ngwaa 30 nwere mgbọrọgwụ dị mkpirikpi na naanị otu ụdaume: 43[1]
A na-eji otu n'ime nsonaazụ itoolu na-emetụta ọnọdụ (TAM) akara ngwaa:: 39 Imperative-Subjunctive, Aorist-Intentional, Aorista-Subjunsive, Progressive I, Future, Perfect I, Perfect II (Dependent or Repetitive Perfect), Progressive II, ma ọ bụ Habitual.[1]
Na mgbakwunye, ngwaa na ụfọdụ TAM nwere ike iwere Altrilocal-Ventive ma ọ bụ Distance suffix.: 46[1]
Ideophones
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ideophones bụ klas okwu "na-egosipụta mmetụta uche". N'ụzọ ọdịdị, ideophones na-abụkarị disyllabic ma nwee okwu ikpeazụ. Ha nwekwara ụdị ọzọ sitere na reduplication zuru oke. Ideophones na-ebu naanị ụda dị ala.
Aha nnọchiaha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Usoro nnọchiaha na-ekewa ụdị asatọ: mmadụ atọ, otu na ọtụtụ, na ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na ụdị nke abụọ na nke atọ: 32ff E nwere ụdị nnọchiaha atọ nwere onwe (ma ọ bụ zuru oke).[1] Ndị nnọchiaha nwere ụdị atọ nke a na-amata site na ojiji ha na TAM dị iche iche. A na-agbakọta nnọchiaha ihe na ihe na-apụtaghị ìhè na ngwaa. Ihe na-esote (ma ọ bụ ihe na-esochi nkwekọrịta onye nwe) na-ejikọta na aha na ndepụta nke onye nwe ya na-agbaso otu ụdị ahụ dị ka nnọchiaha ndị ọzọ. A na-eji okwu kɪɪ na nsonaazụ possessive emepụta nnọchiaha na-emegharị.
Ịgọnahụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-agbagha okwu aha na okwu site na ihe a kọwara dị ka nsonaazụ -m.: 61[1]
Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]J.S.Hall nke Sudan Interior Mission sooro ndị Tangale rụọ ọrụ ma mepụta akwụkwọ n'asụsụ ahụ. Na 1920 e bipụtara Oziọma Luk site na British and Foreign Bible Society[2] sochiri Ruth na Jona na 1922, mgbe ahụ Ọrụ Ndịozi na 1922, Oziọma Matiu na 1927, Rom na 1928, akwụkwọ ozi Pọl na 1929 na Agba Ọhụrụ na 1932.