Uzuzu
| obere ụdị nke | clastic sediment, building material, mixture  |
|---|
Uzuzu bụ ala, ụrọ, ụrọ ma ọ bụ ụrọ agwakọta na mmiri. A na-emekarị ya mgbe Mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ isi iyi mmiri. Ihe ndị dị Nkume apịtị oge ochie siri ike n'oge ala iji mepụta nkume dị ka shale ma ọ bụ mudstone (nke a na-akpọkarị lutites). Mgbe a na-emepụta apịtị n'ọnụ mmiri, a na-akpọ apịtị ndị na-esi na ya apụta apịtị.
Ihe owuwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe na-arapara n'ahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ụlọ, apịtị bụ ihe na-agba mmiri nke enwere ike iji kpuchie, mechie, ma ọ bụ na-arapara n'ihe. [1]Enwere ike iji okwu "mud" mee ihe maka ihe dị iche iche na-agba mmiri nke a na-eji eme ihe na-agụnye slurry, mortar, plaster, stucco, na concrete.[1]
Ihe onwunwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-eji apịtị, cob, adobe, ụrọ, na ọtụtụ aha ndị ọzọ eme ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme iji gosipụta ngwakọta nke ala na mmiri ma eleghị anya na mgbakwunye nke nkume, gravel, ahịhịa, lime, na / ma ọ bụ bitumen. E ji ihe a mee ihe n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche iji wuo mgbidi, ala na ọbụna elu ụlọ. Ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ, ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa iji Brick apịtị ma ọ bụ wattle na daub, ala ma ọ bụ usoro cob na-ekpuchi elu ya na plaster ụrọ.
Nkume ụrọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Enwere ike ime ụrọ ka ọ bụrụ brik ụrọ, nke a na-akpọkwa adobe, site na ịgwakọta ụrọ na mmiri, tinye ngwakọta ahụ n'ime ihe a kpụrụ akpụ wee kwe ka ọ kpọọ n'ime ikuku. [2]A na-eji ahịhịa eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ihe na-ejikọta n'ime brik, n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka ha bụrụ ihe mejupụtara. Mgbe brik ga-agbaji, ahịhịa ahụ ga-ekesa ike n'ime brik ahụ, na-ebelata ohere nke ịgbaji. [3]A ghaghị ichebe ụlọ ndị dị otú ahụ pụọ na Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, na-abụkarị site n'iwu ụlọ n'elu masonry, brik ọkụ, nkume ma ọ bụ ntọala mkpọmkpọ ebe, yana mmiri ozuzo ikuku na-ebugharị na ihu igwe mmiri, na-emekarị site na elu ụlọ miri emi. N'ọnọdụ ihu igwe kpọrọ nkụ nke ukwuu, a pụrụ ichebe elu ụlọ dị larịị nke ọma site na mkpuchi apịtị a kwadebere nke ọma (puddled) na nke a na-elekọta nke ọma, nke ga-adị irè ka apịtị ga-agbasa mgbe a na-etinye ya mmiri ma si otú a bụrụ nke na-eguzogide mmiri. [4]Ndị Pueblo Indian na-ejikarị brik adobe eme ihe iji wuo ụlọ ha na ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. Na mba ụfọdụ, e nwere obodo niile e ji ụlọ brik apịtị rụọ.A na-agbakwunye Nri ehi na biomass iji chịkwaa ihu igwe ime ụlọ.[5]
Brik a gbara ọkụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A pụrụ iji apịtị nke na-abụkarị ụrọ, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta ụrọ na ájá mee ihe maka ite, nke otu ụdị ya bụ brik a na-akpọkarị ọkụ. Brik ndị a gbara ọkụ na-adịgide adịgide mana ha na-eri ike dị ukwuu iji mepụta.
Apịtị kwụsiri ike[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mahajan (2020-06-01). 15 Types Of Building Materials Used In Construction (en-GB). Retrieved on 2023-10-21.
- ↑ admin_666 (29 July 2013). Mud brick. yourhome.gov.au.
- ↑ Smith, Michael G. The Cobber’s Companion: How to Build Your Own Earthen Home. Cottage Grove: Cob Cottage, 1998. Print.
- ↑ Preservation Brief 5: Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings. nps.gov.
- ↑ Bricks made out of mud and cow-dung to regulate indoor climate
Apịtị kwụsiri ike (ala, ala) bụ apịtị nke nwere ihe na-ejikọta ya dị ka simenti ma ọ bụ bitumen. Ihe atụ bụ Mudcrete, landcrete, na ciment ala.
Ihe ndị e ji kpụọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-eme ite site n'ịmepụta ahụ ụrọ n'ime ihe ndị dị n'ụdị achọrọ ma na-ekpo ọkụ ha ruo n'okpomọkụ dị elu n'ekwú ọkụ nke na-ewepụ mmiri niile n'ime ụrọ ahụ, nke na-akpata mmeghachi omume nke na-eduga na mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide gụnyere ịbawanye ike ha na ịka njọ na idozi ọdịdị ha. Enwere ike ịchọ ahụ ụrọ mma tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe a gbasịrị ya. Tupu usoro ụfọdụ, a ghaghị ịkwadebe ụrọ. Ịkụkọta na-enyere aka ijide n'aka na mmiri dị n'ahụ dum. A ghaghị iwepụ Ikuku dị n'ime ahụ ụrọ. A na-akpọ nke a de-airing ma enwere ike iji igwe a na-akpọ vacuum pug ma ọ bụ aka mee ya site na wedging. Wedging nwekwara ike inye aka mepụta ọbụna mmiri. Ozugbo e wepụrụ ahụ ụrọ ma wepụ ikuku ma ọ bụ wepụ ya, a na-eji usoro dịgasị iche iche kpụzie ya. Mgbe a kpụrụ ya, a na-akpọnwụ ma gbaa ya ọkụ.
Na ceramics, imepụta apịtị mmiri (ite a na-akpọ slip) bụ nzọụkwụ n'ime usoro nke imezi ihe ndị ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị buru ibu ga-esi na mmiri ahụ daa.
Ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Uzuzu nwere ike inye ebe obibi maka ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ, gụnyere ụdị ikpuru, frogs, snails, clams, na crayfish. Anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka enyí mmiri, ezì, anụ Rhinoceros, atụ mmiri na enyí, na-asa ahụ n'apịtị iji mee ka ọ dị jụụ ma chebe onwe ha pụọ n'anyanwụ. Apịtị dị n'ime mmiri nwere ike ịbụ ebe obibi nke ụmụ ahụhụ dị iche iche.
Ndụ n'oké osimiri[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Uzuzu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmiri. Ọrụ nke igwu ala anụmanụ na azụ nwere mmetụta dị egwu na ala mmiri apịtị. Nke ala na-enye ohere mgbanwe na cycling nke Oxygen, ihe oriri, na mineral n'etiti mmiri na sediment.[1]
N'okpuru elu, oghere nke ụdị ụfọdụ na-emepụta netwọk dị mgbagwoju anya ma nwee ike ịbanye otu mita ma ọ bụ karịa. Nke a pụtara na apịtị a gwuru n'ala bụ ebe obibi na-amị mkpụrụ, na-enye nri na ebe obibi maka ọtụtụ ndị bi na apịtị na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-eri nri n'ime na n'elu apịtị.[1]
Nsogbu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Uzuzu nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu maka okporo ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri dị, n'ihi na ọrụ ụgbọ ala ọ bụla nke na-agbanwe ntụziaka ma ọ bụ ọsọ na-adabere na mkpakọ n'etiti taya na elu okporo ụzọ, yabụ apịtị dị n'elu okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụ taya nwere ike ime ka ụgbọ ala ahụ na-efe efe. Ndị mmadụ na ụgbọala nwekwara ike ijide n'apịtị, dịka na ájá.
Nnukwu Mmiri ozuzo, snow na-agbaze, ma ọ bụ mmiri dị elu nke ala nwere ike ịkpata mmegharị nke ala ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị n'ime ala, nke nwere ike ịta ụrọ, mbuze ala ma ọ bụrụ sinkholes. Mudslides na ash ugwu mgbawa (nke a na-akpọ lahars) na-eme mgbe mgbawa ugwu ka Mmiri ozuzo na-eme ka ntụ dị nro. [2]Mudslides bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ United States n'oge afọ El Niño n'ihi mmiri ozuzo dị ogologo.
Dị ka nri[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Geophagia bụ omume nke iri ala ma ọ bụ ihe ndị yiri ala, nke a makwaara dị ka geophagy, ụfọdụ anụmanụ na-abụghị mmadụ na ụmụ mmadụ na-eme ya na ọdịbendị ụfọdụ. N'omenala ụmụ mmadụ ndị ọzọ, a na-ewere ya dị ka nsogbu iri nri ma kọwaa ya dị ka Pica.[3][4]
Ịsa ahụ n'apịtị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mudding[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mud bogging bụ ụdị egwuregwu moto na-ewu ewu na Canada na United States nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwọ ụgbọala site na olulu apịtị ma ọ bụ ụzọ dị ogologo. A na-ekpebi ndị mmeri site n'ebe dị anya ha gafere n'olulu ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọtụtụ ụgbọala nwere ike ịga ogologo ahụ dum, oge a na-ewe iji gafee olulu ahụ ga-ekpebi onye mmeri.
Uzuzu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ịgba apịtị bụ ihe omume a ma ama na-emetụta apịtị. Ndị sonyere na-agba ọsọ nke kilomita 5 (3 mi) ruo kilomita 20 (10 mi), ka ha na-agafe apịtị, ma na-alụ ọgụ megide ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ.[5][6][7]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Obere ala
- Igwu apịtị
- Muck (ala)
- Nkume e gwuru
- Ihe mkpofu
- Uzuzu flap
- Ugwu apịtị na-agbọpụta ọkụ
- Mkpịsị ụkwụ
- Ubi
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 A summary of the ‘Burrowed Mud’ MPA search feature. (n.d.). Retrieved January 13, 2015, from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:4-c-IWKEf1kJ:www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0039/00394205.docÀtụ:Dead link &cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
- ↑ "Mud on the Move." Earth: The Definitive Visual Guide. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2013. 98. Print.
- ↑ Ziegler, J. (1997). "Geophagia: a vestige of paleonutrition?". Tropical Medicine and International Health 2 (7): 609–611. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-359.x. PMID 9270727.
- ↑ Fack (May 2020). "Geophagy in the yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) at La Esperanza, Peru: site characterization and soil composition". Primates 61 (3): 507–518. DOI:10.1007/s10329-020-00802-9. PMID 32095910.
- ↑ Mud Run – Obstacle Races – Tough Mudder. Tough Mudder. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved on 15 October 2014.
- ↑ Cerebrun – Get Mental. Cerebrun. Retrieved on 15 October 2014.
- ↑ Warrior Dash – The World's Largest Obstacle Race Series. Warrior Dash. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved on 15 October 2014.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
 |
Wikimedia Commons nwe ru media dị ikwu nye Mud. |
- P.J. Depetris (2005). Mud and mudstones introduction and overview, 1, Berlin [u.a.]: Springer. ISBN 3-540-27082-5.
- Wood (2006). Mud a military history, 1st, Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. ISBN 9781612343310.
- (1995) in C.L.V. Monty: Carbonate Mud-Mounds Their Origin and Evolution.. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 1-4443-0412-7.
- Okonkwo (2009). Introductory Mud Engineering Handbook. Booksurge Publishing. ISBN 9781439227275.
- Rael (2009). Earth architecture, 1st, New York, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1-56898-767-5.