William Augustus Hazel
William Augustus Hazel | |
|---|---|
| Born |
12 Sepụtemba 1854 |
| Died | 13 Febụwarị 1929 (aged 74) Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation | Architect, stained glass artist, educator, academic administrator, civil rights activist |
| Spouse(s) | Rosa Elizabeth Grosvenor Hazard (m. 1882–) |
| Children | 5 |
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | William, Augustus |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Hazel |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 12 Septemba 1854 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Wilmington |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 13 Febụwarị 1929 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Másáchusẹts |
| Ebe olili | Cambridge Cemetery |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, stained-glass artist |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
William Augustus Hazel (1854-1929) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ America, onye na-ese enyo nwere ntụpọ, onye nkuzi, onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ, na onye na-akwado ikike obodo. [1] [2] Ọ bụ onye isi mbụ nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Architecture University Howard na 1919. [2] A na-ewere ya dị ka onye dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ejima na Minnesota ; [3] ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ndị omenkà nwere ntụpọ ojii mbụ na United States. [1]
Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ William Augustus Hazel na Septemba 12, 1854, na Wilmington, North Carolina, nye ndị nne na nna ojii Margaret Ann Kellogg na Benjamin Gilette Hazel hapụ ha. [1] Nna ya amụrụla onye ọkwá nkà William Kellogg, onye ojii ọzọ nweere onwe ya nke mechara bụrụ nna di ya. [1] Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị, ezinụlọ Hazel kwagara Ohio; na mgbe agha obodo America gasịrị, ha kwagara Cambridge, Massachusetts . [1] Nna ya Benjamin Gilette Hazel rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwá nkà na aka wheel, nne ya bụ Margaret Ann Kellogg na-elekọta ụlọ na ụmụ ha. [1] Hazel gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na Cambridge, Massachusetts, ebe ọ nwere oke nka na nka. [1]
N'afọ 1872, Hazel mụtara n'okpuru John La Farge, onye omenkà nwere ugegbe nke French mụrụ. [4] [5] Ka ha na-enwe ekele, ha rụrụ ọrụ na ugegbe nwere ntụpọ na Trinity Church (1873) na Boston. [1] Malite na 1875, Hazel rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'okpuru onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Samuel JF Thayer, mgbe ọ na-ebi na 67 Cushing Street (mgbe e mesịrị 125 Cushing Street, adịghịzi adị) na College Hill agbata obi nke Providence, Rhode Island. [1] Ọ lụrụ na 1882 na Rosa Elizabeth Grosvenor Hazard na Mathewson Street Methodist Church na Providence, Rhode Island. [1] Hazel gara n'ihu ịmụ ọrụ n'okpuru onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Charles Dexter Gambrill, onye bụbu onye ụlọ ọrụ Henry Hobson Richardson . [1] N'oge a nwunye ya Rosa na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na "Butler Demonstration School" na Hampton Institute (nke bụzi Hampton University) na Hampton, Virginia. [1]
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na Jenụwarị 1887, Hazel bịarutere Saint Paul, Minnesota dị ka onye na-ere ahịa maka Tiffany na Companylọ ọrụ New York, nke kpalitere ọgba aghara mpaghara n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe ịhụ ndị oji na ndị na-ese ihe n'obodo ahụ n'oge ahụ. [1] Akpọrọ ya ka ọ kwuo okwu na mmemme enyo nwere ntụpọ na mpaghara Minnesota. [1] Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara na 1122 Raymond Avenue na mpaghara Saint Anthony Park nke Saint Paul. [1]
N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1887, a jụrụ ya ebe obibi na họtel abụọ (Clarendon Hotel na Astoria Hotel) na Saint Paul dabere na agbụrụ ya; ya mere ọ gbara ha akwụkwọ na-adabere na Minnesota Civil Rights Act nke 1885. [1] O meriri ikpe ikpe dị elu, nke mere ka ọ dịkwuo nlebara anya site na obodo Black. [1] N'afọ 1881, a họpụtara Hazel ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ maka Kọmitii ikike obodo na Minnesota. [1]
Na 1888, Hazel rụrụ ọrụ n'okpuru onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Francis Jefferson Roberson na St Peter's African Methodist Episcopal Church na Saint Paul, Minnesota; Edekọghị ihe ndekọ ahụ mana a maara na ọ rụrụ ọrụ kpọmkwem na nhazi ụlọ. [1] N'afọ 1895, o nwetara kọmishọna enyo enyo nke mbụ ya maka ụlọ ụka Katọlik nke ewuru ọhụrụ na Austin, Minnesota, ka ebibiela ụlọ ụka ahụ. [1] Saint Peter's African Methodist Episcopal Church na Springfield, Illinois goro Hazel ka ọ chepụta windo 34 nwere ntụpọ na ihe oyiyi Abraham Lincoln, John Brown, Elijah P. Lovejoy, na " Grand Army " nke na-egosipụta bust nke General Ulysses S. Grant ; ọ dị nwute na ụka a nwetara ọkụ na 1903 ma ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime windo dị ndụ. [1] Na 1897, ọ meriri nrite ọla ọcha na nka ịchọ mma na Tennessee Centennial na International Exposition na Nashville, maka eserese ya na windo enyo nwere ntụpọ na-egosi Jizọs Kraịst. [1]
Na 1909, o sonyeere ngalaba ngalaba na-ahụ maka nrụpụta ọrụ na Tuskegee Institute (Ugbu a Mahadum Tuskegee) na Tuskegee, Alabama . [1] Mgbe ọ na-ezi ihe, ọ na-elekọta nhazi na ịrụ ụlọ ise na campus (ụlọ ahịa ụmụ nwoke), na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Albert Cassell . [1] [6] Ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ afọ iri. [7]
N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1919, na-esote ọpụpụ nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Howard William Jefferson Decatur, Hazel goro dị ka onye nnọchiteanya ya ma bo ya ebubo na ịmepụta Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Architecture. [1] [4] Ọ rụrụ ọbá akwụkwọ ngalaba, ụlọ iri nri, na ụlọ akụ̀ na ụba ụlọ (nke a kwatuola ugbu a). [1]
Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association na Rev. Francis Grimke nyere Hazel ọrụ ka ọ weghachi Frederick Douglass National Historic Site (ma ọ bụ "Cedar Hill"), Washington, DC [1] Emechara mweghachi ahụ n'afọ 1922, ma ekwenyere na ọ bụ ya. Ọrụ nchekwa ụlọ mbụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme sitere n'aka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ojii na United States. [1]
Na 1924, Hazel kwagara na 1724 Christian Street na ndịda Philadelphia, na-ebi naanị abụọ blocks si Black architect Julian Francis Abele . [1] Ọ nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo 1927, mgbe ahụ ike ya malitere ịda ada wee kwaga na Kadịnal Gibbons Institute na Ridge, Maryland iji sonyere ezinụlọ ya. [1] Hazel nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi na February 13, 1929, ma e wee lie ya na ebe ili ozu ezinụlọ Cambridge dị na Cambridge, Massachusetts. [1]
Agụnyere profaịlụ Hazel n'akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865–1945 (2004).
Na-arụ ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- 1888, St. Peter's AME Church, 22nd Street n'etiti 9th na 10th Avenues South, St. Paul, Minnesota (bibiri)
- 1895, Ụka Katọlik Austin, Austin, Minnesota; naanị enyo nwere ugo (akwaturu)
- 1899, St. Paul’s AME Church, 6th na Mason Streets, Springfield, Illinois; naanị windo enyo nwere ntụpọ (bibiri n'ime ọkụ)
- 1921, Ụlọ akụ na ụba ụlọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Howard, Washington, DC (mebiri)
- 1921, Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, Howard University campus, Washington, DC (mebiri)
- 1922, Frederick Douglass National Historic Site ("Cedar Hill") mweghachi, 1411 W Street SE, Washington, DC
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- African-American architects
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]1724 Christian Street na ndịda Philadelphia, na-ebi naanị abụọ blocks si Black architect Julian Francis Abele . Ọ nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo 1927, mgbe ahụ ike ya malitere ịda ada wee kwaga na Kadịnal Gibbons Institute na Ridge, Maryland iji wee lie ya na ebe ili ozu ezinụlọsonyere ezinụlọ ya. Hazel nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi na February 13, 1929, ma e
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 Wilson (March 2004). "William Augustus Hazel", African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (in en). Routledge, 273–278. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "William Augustus Hazel". African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945. Routledge. pp. 273–278. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Wilson" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ashmore. "Building A Past", The Montgomery Advertiser, 1993-10-17, pp. 91. Retrieved on 2023-07-27.
- ↑ Hall (2019-09-18). Exhibit, discussion shine light on pioneering black architects (en-US). Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder. Retrieved on 2023-07-27.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Weiss (2012-01-01). Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington (in en). NewSouth Books, 256. ISBN 978-1-58838-248-1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Southern (1996-07-01). John Lafarge and the Limits of Catholic Interracialism, 1911–1963 (in en). LSU Press, 37. ISBN 978-0-8071-1971-6.
- ↑ Smith (2017-11-27). Encyclopedia of African American Business [2 volumes] (in en). Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 191. ISBN 979-8-216-04284-6.
- ↑ Mitchell (2003). The Crisis of the African-American Architect: Conflicting Cultures of Architecture and (Black) Power (in en), 40. ISBN 978-0-595-24326-6.