Asụsụ Dagaare

 

Asụsụ Dagaare

asụsụ, modern language

obere ụdị nke	Oti–Volta
mba/obodo	Burkina Faso, Ghana
ụdị asụsụ	subject–verb–object
usoro ederede	Latin script
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue	4 Educational

Dagaare bụ asụsụ nke ndị Dagaaba nke Ghana, Burkina Faso, na Ivory Coast. A kọwawo ya dị ka asụsụ na-aga n'ihu nke gụnyere Waale na Birifor. Asụsụ Dagaare dịgasị iche na olumba sitere na asụsụ ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere: Dagbane, Waale, Mabia, Gurene, Mampruli, Kusaal, Buli, Niger-Congo, na ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ na-akpata ihe dị ka nde mmadụ atọ na-asụ Dagaare. N'ime mpaghara niile nke ndị na-asụ Dagaare, olumba na-abịa site na Northern, Central, Western, na Southern na-ezo aka n'asụsụ dị iche iche. Burkina Faso na-ezo aka Dagaare dị ka Dagara na Birifor nye ụmụ amaala na Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. Burkina Faso na-ezo aka na Dagaare dị ka Dagara na Birifor maka ụmụ amaala na Republik nke Côte d'Ivoire. A ka na-akpọ asụsụ obodo niile dị ka Dagaare. N'ime olumba dị iche iche, ọkọlọtọ maka Dagaare sitere na olumba mpaghara Central. Southern Dagaare (ma ọ bụ Waale) sikwa n'asụsụ Dagaare ma mara na a na-asụkarị na Wa na Kaleo.

Ethnologue kewara Dagaare n'asụsụ atọ:

• Asụsụ Southern/Central Dagaare, nke a na-asụkarị na Ghana
• Asụsụ Northern Dagara, nke a na-asụkarị na Burkina Faso
• Dagaari Dioula, nke a na-asụkarị na Burkina Faso, ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu site na asụsụ Dioula enweghị njikọ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Otografị

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Dagara (Burkina Faso)

Nnukwu mkpụrụedemede
A	B	Ọ bụ ndị na-eme ihe ike	C	D	E	Ɛ	F	G	Gb	H	Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ "Anne"	M	Ɩ	J	K	Kp	L	Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ	M	N	Nyụ	Ŋ	Ŋm	O	Ọ bụ	P	R	S	T	U	Mkpịsị aka	V	W	Ebe ọ bụ na	Y	Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-	Z
Obere Akara
a	b	ɓ	c	d	na	Ọ bụ	f	g	gb	h	Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ Shia	i	Lee ka ọ dị	j	k	kp	l	Akwụkwọ bụ́	m	n	ny	ŋ	ŋm	o	Ọ bụ n'afọ	p	r	s	t	u	Akụkọ banyere ya	v	w	Ọdịdị	na	Nwa bebi	z

A na-egosi ụdaolu site na iji akara ngosi:

• ụda olu dị ala maka ụda olu dị elu: à è ɛ̀ ì Quebec ò ɔ̀ ù ʋ̀;
• ụda olu dị elu maka ụda olu dị ala: á é ɛ́ í Quebec ó ó ɔ́ ú Notí́́́ ;
• na enweghị ụda olu maka ụda dị n'etiti.

A na-egosipụta imi imi site na iji tilde. Udaume gbadoro ụkwụ n'imi dị elu ma ọ bụ ụda dị ala ka tilde nọ n'okpuru ụda olu.

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Dagaare (Ghana)

Nnukwu mkpụrụedemede
A	B	D	E	Ɛ	F	G	H	M	J	K	L	M	N	O	Ọ bụ	P	R	S	T	U	V	W	Y	Z
Obere Akara
a	b	d	na	Ọ bụ	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	Ọ bụ n'afọ	p	r	s	t	u	v	w	na	z

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mgbochiume na ụdaume na asụsụ Dagaare:

Mkpụrụedemede

	N'ihu	Central	Nlaghachi
N'akụkụ	i		u
Ihe dị nso	ɪ		ʊ
N'etiti etiti	e		o
Mepee n'etiti	ɛ		ɔ
Emeghe		a

Mgbochiume

		Ọnụ	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Ọnụ na-ekpuchi egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwAUw"><br><br><br>	Ọkụ
Plosive/Affricate	enweghị olu	p	t	t͡ɕ	k	k͡p	ʔ
	kwuru okwu	b	d	d͡ʑ	ɡ	ɡ͡b
Ihe na-esiri ike	enweghị olu	f	s				h
	kwuru okwu	v	z
	implosive						ʼh
Ụgbọ imi	ala dị larịị	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	ŋ͡m
	implosive	ʼm
Akụkụ	ala dị larịị		l
	implosive		ʼl
Ihe atụ				j		w

Allophones nke /d, ɡ/ gụnyere [r, ɣ~ɡ̆].

Mgbochiume Dagaare n'ogo n'ozuzu nwere consonants iri abụọ na ise na glides abụọ, aka ọkara consonants ebe ụfọdụ ogbo nwere ike ịdị iche. Dị ka /h/, /l/, na /m/ akụkụ ya na-esote glottal-implosives sitere na Dagaare na Northern dialect (Burkina Faso).

Asụsụ

Ụda

Dagaare bụ asụsụ ụda olu nwere usoro ụda olu abụọ nwere ụda dị elu. Ụda Dagaare nwere ọrụ abụọ bụ isi, ya bụ ọrụ lexical na ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ. Ọrụ okwu ya na-emetụta ọdịiche dị na okwu okwu, nke mere na ọdịiche dị n'olu ma ọ bụghị n'ụdị morphosyntactic na-akpali okwu dị iche iche. Ọrụ ụtọasụsụ ya bụ maka ikpe nke akara ụda dị iche iche na mpaghara na-ebute usoro ọmụmụ dị iche iche nke okwu ahụ.

Usoro klas aha

Noun Class	Singular Form	Noun Stem	Plural Form
Class I	[-Vocal]		[-bɔ']
(+human cl.)	pɔ'ɤɔ' ('woman')	pɔ'g-	pɔ'ɤíbɔ' ('women')
Class II	[-Vocal]		[-rí]
IIa	[-é]		[-rí]
	bìé ('child')	bì-	bíírí ('children')
IIb	[-ó]		[-rí]
	dùó ('pig')	dò-	dòrí ('pigs')
IIc	[-í]		[-rí]
	síɤí ('hut')	síg-	síɤrí ('huts')
Class III	[-í]		[-Vocal]
IIIa	[-í]		[-é]
	gyìlí ('xylophone')	gyìl-	gyìlé ('xylophones')
IIIb	[-í]		[-ɔ']
	pɔ'lí ('path')	pɔ'-	pɔ'lɔ' ('paths')
IIIc	[-í]		[-á]
	váálí ('rubbish')	váál-	váálá ('rubbish')
Class IV	[-rʊʊ]		[-rì]
	pírʊʊ ('sheep')	pí-	píírì ('sheep')
Class V	[-∅]		[-rí]
	túú ('forest')	tùù-	túúrí ('forest')
Class VI	[-rì]		[-Vocal]
VIa	[-rì]		[-è]
	bírì ('seed')	bí-	bíè ('seeds')
VIb	[-rí]		[-ó]
	tóórí ('ear')	tóó-	tòbó ('ears')
VIc	[-rí]		[-á]
	yàgrí ('cheek')	yàg-	yàɤá ('cheeks')
Class VII	Nasal+Vocal		Nasal+Vocal
VIIa	[-ní]		[-mà]
	gání ('book')	gán-	gámà ('books')
VIIb	[-mʊ]		[-má]
	táamʊ ('bow')	tàn-	támá ('bows')
VIIc	[-ŋé]		[-ní]
	bìŋé ('pen')	bìŋ-	bìnní ('pens')
VIId	[-ŋó]		[-ní]
	bòŋó ('donkey')	bòŋ-	bònní ('donkeys')
VIIe	[-∅]		[-nɛɛ]
-count plurals	dɑ̃ɑ̃' ('pito')	dɑ̃ɑ̃'-	dɑ̃ɑ̃'nɛɛ ('pito')
Class VIII	[-áá]		[-í]
	gbíŋgbíláá ('drying spot')	gbígbíl-	gbíŋgbíllí ('drying spots')
Class IX	[-ù]		(no plural)
(derived n.)	Dúóù ('climbing')	dó-
Class X	(no singular)		[-úŋ]
		bùùl-	búúlúŋ ('porridge')

Aha nnọchiaha

Aha nnọchiaha

Na Dagaare, nnọchiaha onwe onye anaghị egosi ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị. Maka nnọchiaha isiokwu, enwere ọdịiche n'etiti nnọchiaha onwe onye siri ike na nke na-adịghị ike. Ọzọkwa, enwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị mmadụ na nke na-abụghị nke mmadụ maka nnọchiaha mmadụ nke atọ.

	Isiokwu (Aha)		Ihe (Acc)
	Ọdịdị Na-adịghị Ike Ike	Ọdịdị Kasị Ike
(mmadụ)
1st SG	n	Ma maa	ma
SG nke Abụọ	fo	foo	fo
3rd SG	o	onɔ	o
1st PL	ị	ihe dị n'ime	ị
PL nke Abụọ	O kwe na ya	Nwoke ya	O kwe na ya
3rd PL	ba	bana	ba
(ọ bụghị mmadụ)
3rd PL	a	Ana	a