Asụsụ Jukunoid
Asụsụ Jukun bụ alaka nke asụsụ Benue-Congo nke ndị Jukun na ndị ha na ha na-asụ na Naijiria na Cameroon na-asụ. A na-ekesa ha na steeti Taraba, Naịjirịa na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu.
Mgbochiume imi ha asymmetrical bụ ihe atụ maka West Africa, dịka enwere ike ịhụ na Wapan.
[1][2] (1983) na Güldemann (2018) na-atụ aro na Jukunoid nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke asụsụ Plateau n'ezie, ebe ọ na-ekerịta myirịta na ụdị Plateau dị iche iche, ọkachasị Tarokoid. Otú dị, Blench (2005) na-ekwu na Jukunoid dị iche na Plateau.
Nchịkọta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nkewa ndị a sitere na Glottolog; [3] agbakwunyere alaka Kororofa site na Ethnologue (Glottolog kewara asụsụ Kororofa dị ka Jukun): [4] Ethnologue na-agbakwunye alaka Yukubenic nke asụsụ Plateau dị ka akụkụ nke otu Yukubenic-Kuteb [4] dabere na Shimizu (1980), Blench na-agbaso nhazi a. [5] Ethnologue na-ahapụkwa asụsụ Wurbo Shoo-Minda-Nye dị ka nke a na-ekewaghị n'ime Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo, ma tinyekwa asụsụ Benue–Congo a na-ekewapụtaghị Tita n'ọnọdụ ya.[5] [4]
Idiatov kọwakwara Lau n'oge na-adịbeghị anya (2017).
Aha na ebe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'okpuru bụ ndepụta aha asụsụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na ọnọdụ sitere na Blench (2019). [6]
| Asụsụ | Alaka | Ìgwè | Asụsụ | Asụsụ ndị ọzọ | Aha nke aka maka asụsụ | Aha ndị ọzọ | Aha ndị ọzọ (dabere na ebe) | Aha ndị ọzọ maka asụsụ | Aha ndị ọzọ | Ndị ọkà okwu | Ebe (s) | Ihe edeturu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akum | Anyar | Obodo nta 3 na Naịjirịa; 600 na Cameroon (1976) | Taraba Steeti, ca. 6°50N, 9°50E | |||||||||
| Bete | 50 (2002) | Taraba Steeti, Wukari LGA, obodo Bete | enweghị data | |||||||||
| Nyifon | Iordaa | 1000 (CAPRO n.d. mana ikekwe 1990s) | Buruku LGA, Benue SteetiỌnọdụ Benue | enweghị data | ||||||||
| Jan Awei | Jan Awei | 12 ? (1997) | Gombe State, West of Muri mountains, North of the Benue (ebe a na-amaghị kpọmkwem) | |||||||||
| Ìgwè ndị Jukun | Jukun | Njuku | Njikun | 35,000 (1971 Welmers);[7] 1700 na Cameroon (1976) | Taraba State, Wukari, Takum, Bali na Sardauna LGAs; Nasarawa State, Awe na Lafia LGAs; Plateau State, Shendam na Langtang South LGAs; Benue State, Makurdi LGA; na Furu-Awa subdivision, Cameroon | |||||||
| Jibu | Jukun | Gayam, Garbabi | 25,000 (1987 SIL) | Taraba Steeti, Gashaka LGA | ||||||||
| Takum-Donga | Jukun | Takum, Donga | Jibu | Ndị na-asụ asụsụ nke abụọ bụ naanị 40,000 (1979 UBS) | Taraba State, Takum, Sardauna na Bali LGAs | |||||||
| Ihe oriri Tofa | Jukun | Plateau State, Shendam na Langtang South LGAs | ||||||||||
| Ìgwè Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | |||||||||||
| Ìgwè Kororofa | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Kororofa | Jukun | ihe karịrị 62,000 (SIL) | ||||||||
| Abinsi | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Kororofa | Wapan | Osimiri Jukun | Taraba State, Wukari LGA, na Sufa na Kwantan Sufa; Benue State, Makurdi LGA, n'Abinsi | |||||||
| Wapan | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Kororofa | Wapan | Wukari na Abinsi | 60,000 (1973 SIL) | Taraba State, Wukari LGA; Nasarawa State, Awe na Lafia LGAs; Plateau State, Shendam na Langtang South LGAs (ebe a na-ejighị n'aka) | ||||||
| Hone | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Kororofa | Kona | 2,000 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA; Plateau State, Wase LGA. Obodo nta ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Jalingo | |||||||
| Ịgba mmiri | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Kororofa | Taraba State, Wukari LGA, na Dampar | |||||||||
| Ìgwè Mbembe Tigong | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Mbembe Tigong | Noale | Tigong, Tigun, Tugun, Tukun, Tigum | Akonto, Nzare | 2,900 na Naijiria (1973 SIL) | Taraba State, Sardauna LGA; karịsịa na Cameroon | |||||
| Ashuku | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Mbembe Tigong | Ashaku | Akketi, Akketi | Kitsipki | |||||||
| Nama | Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo | Mbembe Tigong | Nwaanyị, Namu | Kporo | Nzare 'M na-ekwu otú ahụ"; Eneeme | |||||||
| Ìgwè Shoo-Minda-Nye | Wurbo | Shoo-Minda-Nye | Enwere ike inwe njikọ na Jessi nke Lau na Lankoviri kwuru | 10,000 (SIL) | Taraba Steeti, Karim Lamido LGA | |||||||
| Shoo | Wurbo | Shoo-Minda-Nye | Shó | dàŋ Shó | Nwii Shó | Banda, Bandawa | ||||||
| Minda | Wurbo | Shoo-Minda-Nye | Jinleri | |||||||||
| Nye | Wurbo | Shoo-Minda-Nye | Nyé | Nyé | Nwi Nyé | Kunini | ||||||
| Jiru | Wurbo | Zhiru | Atak, Wiyap, Kir | Taraba Steeti, Karim Lamido LGA | ||||||||
| Etkywan | Kpan-Icen | Icen, Ichen, Itchen | Kentu, Kya) Na-esote, Kyanton, Nyidu | [8],330 na mpaghara Donga (1952 W&B); [1] ihe karịrị 7,000 (1973 SIL) | Taraba State, Takum na Sardauna LGAs | |||||||
| Kpan | Kpan-Icen | Ìgwè ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ: 1 Kumbo-Takum Ìgwè: Kumbo (Kpanzon), Takum; 2 Donga (Akpanzhou; 3 Bissaula (extinct) Ọwụwa anyanwụ: Apa (site na Kilham), Kente, Eregba (site na Koelle) | Kpanten, Ikpan, Akpanzhi, Kpanzon, Abakan | Kpwate, Hwaye, Hwaso, Nyatso, Nyonyo, Yorda, Ibukwo | Taraba State, Wukari, Takum na Sardaunda LGAs | |||||||
| Como-Karim | Wurbo | Shomoh, Shomong, Chomo, Shomo | Karim, Kirim | Kiyu, Nuadhu | Taraba State, Karim Lamido na Jalingo LGAs | |||||||
| Tita | Wurbo | Taraba State, Jalingo LGA, na Hoai Petel | Blench enweghị ike ịmata ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ebe, ọ bụ ezie na Meek nwere data na-egosi na ọ bụ Jukunoid. |
Ọnụ ọgụgụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ntụnyere nke ọnụọgụ n'asụsụ ọ bụla: [9]
| Nchịkọta | Asụsụ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun | Hõne (Pindiga/Gwana) | zùŋ | pyèːnè | sáːré | nyẽ́́́ | Saịvụ | Ugboro iri | Jaịlịa: | hūnnè | sīnyáu | Obere ihe |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun | Jibu | zyun | n'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n"ụzọ dị mfe | sàra | onye | Igwe kwụ otu ebe | Isiokwu | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ihe nkiri | awùyin | ajunndúbi | Drib |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun | Wapa (Wãpha) | zùŋ | pyĩ̀ | Sa / Sārā | nyìnā | Shaanā | ʃẽ̀ʒí | Sempyè | Nzukọ nke ikpeazụ | sinia | Adub |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa | Jiba (Jibe / Kona) | zũː | pyèːnà | sàːr | nyè | bụ | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a ga-eji ejiji | sùmpyèːnà | húnyè | zōrhōnnì | Obere ihe |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa | Wapan Jukun | Ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya | pyìnà | tsara | nyena | tswana | cìnjen / ʃìʒen (5+ 1) | tsùpyìn (5+ 2) | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n"ụzọ dị mfe | tsùnyò (5+ 4) | dzwe |
| Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Mbembe | Tigon Mbembe | Ụlọ | Pyya | Nwanyị | Ọ bụ n'oge a na-eme ihe nkiri | tʃwɔ́ | tʃwɔ́mbazo (5+ 1) | tʃwɔmbapya (5+ 2) | Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ka a ga-eji ya mee ihe. | Tʃwɔ́m ndụ (5+ 4) | dʒé |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Akum | ájì | Mmetụta | Atụmatụ | aɲɪ̀ | acóŋ | acóŋ jì (5+ 1) | A na-emetụta ya (5+ 2) | acóŋ ata (5+ 3) | acóŋ ɲì (5+ 4) | īkùr (ebe) |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Kapya | ūŋɡēmé | īfɡɔ̀ | Ọrụ mmanye | īɲɨɪ̀ | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya | gị ŋɡì (5+ 1) | gị ófɡõ (5+ 2) | Ị na-eme ihe nkiri (5+ 3) | gị īɲɨɪ̀ (5+ 4) | èbjí / èbzí |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Kuteb (Kutev) (1) | Chinesezō | Ifaẽ | ya na ya | na-eme ihe nkiri | ítsóŋ | ítsóŋ-ndʒō (5+ 1) | ítsóŋ-ífaẽ (5+ 2) | ítsóŋ-ítā (5+ 3) | ítsóŋ-ndʒē (5+ 4) | ridʒwēr |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Kuteb (Kutev) (2) | Chinesezō | Enweghị ike | itā | inje | itsóŋ | itsóŋ-nzō (5+ 1) | itsóŋ-faen (5+ 2) | itsóŋ-tā (5+ 3) | itsóŋ-nje (5+ 4) | rijwēr |
| Yukuben-Kuteb | Yukuben | kítəŋ | āpá (ŋ) | Atụ, Atụ | ēnzì | otòŋ | (ō) ̄tòŋ kíhín (5+ 1) | (ō) ̄tòŋ āpá (5+ 2) | (ō) ̄tòŋ ātà / ārà (5+ 3) | (ō) ̄tòŋ ēnzì (5+ 4) | Kùr |
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ndepụta nke Proto-Jukunoid reconstructions (Wiktionary)
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Shimizu, Kiyoshi 1980. Jukunoid Comparative, 3 vols. (Leeöffentlichungen der Institute für Afrikanistik und Ägyptologie der Universität Wien 7-9. Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5-7). Vienna: Afro-Pub.
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics series. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58–444. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9.
- ↑ Gerhardt (1983). "The classification of Eggon: Plateau or Benue group?". Journal of West African Languages 13 (1): 37–50.
- ↑ Jukunoid. Glottolog 3.0 (2017).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Jukunoid. Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2017-07-26. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Blench (15 November 2005). Is there a boundary between Plateau and Jukunoid? (en). ResearchGate 3, 5. Retrieved on 2017-07-26.
- ↑ Blench (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages, 4th, Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ↑ Welmers, William Everrett 1971. Checklist of African Language and Dialect Names. In: Current Trends in Linguistics, Vol. 7, T.A. Sebeok 759-900, The Hague, Mouton.
- ↑ Westermann, Diedrich & M.A. Bryan, 1952. Languages of West Africa. London: International African Institute.
- ↑ Chan (2019). The Niger-Congo Language Phylum. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.
- ComparaLex, nchekwa data na ndepụta okwu Jukunoid