Asụsụ Võro
| Võro võro kiilʼ | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Estonia | |
| Region: | Southern Estonia | |
| Total speakers: | Àtụ:Sigfig, including Àtụ:Sigfig Seto speakers | |
| Language family: | Turalt Finno-Ugric Finnic South Estonian VõroÀtụ:Infobox Language/official | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | vro | |
| voromkaart.jpg | ||
Võro (Àtụ:Lang-vro [ˈvɤro kʲiːlʲ], Àtụ:Lang-et)[1][2] bụ asụsụ nke South Estonia[3] ma ọ bụ asụsụ nke ngalaba Finnic nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Uralic. Na gọọmentị, a na-ewere ya dị ka olumba nke Estonia asụsụ yana ụdị South Estonia niile. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-ewere South Estonia ka asụsụ Finịkị kwụụrụ onwe ya.Àtụ:Cn[citation needed] O nwere ọkọlọtọ agụmagụ nke ya na agbaala mbọ ka a na-enweta nnabata gọọmentị dị ka asụsụ mpaghara obodo nkeEstonia.[4][5] Võro nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu 75,000 (Võros), nke ka ukwuu na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Estonia, na parish asatọ nke mpaghara Võru.: Karula, Harglõ, Urvastõ, Rõugõ, Kanepi, Põlva, Räpinä na Vahtsõliina. Ndị parish ndị a gbadoro ụkwụ ugbu a (n'ihi nhazigharị) na mpaghara Võru na Põlva, yana akụkụ na-agbasa n'ime. Valga na mpaghara Tartu. A pụkwara ịhụ ndị na-ekwu okwu n'obodo Tallinn na Tartu na ndị ọzọ nke Estonia.[6][7][8]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Võro bụ nwa nke asụsụ mpaghara South Estonian ochie ma bụrụ nke Standard Estonian na-emetụtachaghị (nke dabeere na olumba Northern Estonian). [9] A na-asụkarị Võro n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Võromaa akụkọ ihe mere eme na mpaghara ndị na-asụrụ asụsụ Lutsi, Leivu na Kraasna na ihe bụ Latvia na Russia ugbu a. Na mgbakwunye na Võro, ụdị ndị ọzọ nke South Estonian gụnyere asụsụ Mulgi, Tartu na Seto.
Otu n'ime ihe akaebe mbụ e dere ede nke South Estonian bụ nsụgharị nke Agba Ọhụrụ (Agba Ọhụrụ) nke e bipụtara na 1686. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ nke South Estonian malitere ibelata mgbe afọ 1880 gasịrị, asụsụ ahụ malitere ịmaliteghachi na ngwụcha afọ 1980. [10]
Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Taa, a na-eji Võro eme ihe n'ọrụ nke ụfọdụ ndị edemede egwuregwu, ndị na-ede uri, na ndị edemede Estonia (Madis Kõiv, Ülle Kauksi, Jaan Kaplinski, Ain Kaalep, wdg). A na-ebipụta otu akwụkwọ akụkọ na Võro: Uma Leht (nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị Our Own Newspaper). Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze iri abụọ na isii na-enye klas pụrụ iche kwa izu (karịsịa na-abụghị nke ụlọ akwụkwọ) na Võro nke oge a.
Enyemaka Estonia na Eurovision Song Contest 2004 bụ abụ "Tii", nke Neiokõsõ kụrụ na Võro.
Asụsụ ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, [11] ma dị ka Kadri Koreinik si kwuo, nke a bụ n'ihi enweghị nkwenye iwu gọọmentị iji chebe asụsụ ahụ. [4]
Orthography[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Võro na-eji mkpụrụedemede Latin, dị ka Estonian na Finnish.
| A /ɑ/ |
B /p/ |
C /t͡s/ |
D /t/ |
E /e/ |
F /f/ |
G /k/ |
H /h/ |
M /i/ |
J /j/ |
K /kk/ |
| L /l/ |
M /m/ |
N /n/ |
O /o/ |
P /pp/ |
Q /ʔ/ |
R /r/ |
S /ss/ |
Š /ʃʃ/ |
T /tt/ |
U /u/ |
| V /v/ |
W /v/ |
Õ /ɤ/ |
Ä /æ/ |
Ö /ø/ |
Ü /y/ |
X /ks/ |
Y /ɨ/ |
Z /s/ |
Ž /ʃ/ |
' /◌ʲ/ |
Ọtụtụ mkpụrụedemede (gụnyere ä, ö, ü, na õ) na-egosi otu ụda ahụ dị ka Ọ bụ na Estonian, ma e wezụga ole na ole. Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ q na-anọchite anya nkwụsị glottal /ʔ/ na y na-egosi /ɨ/, ụdaume dị nso na Russian ы (site na 2005 edere õ).
A na-eji ụdaume dị elu (') ma ọ bụ apostrophe (') akara ụdaume nke ụdaume. Oh'ihe odide kwesịrị ekwesị na n'ihe odide aka, akara palatalization anaghị agbatị n'elu k" data-linkid="247" href="./Cap_height" id="mwAVc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cap height">'Ọdịdị' elu nke okpu (ma e wezụga mkpụrụedemede dị elu, 意, 'ś', v́ wdg), a na-edekwa ya n'elu mkpụrụedemede ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na mkpụrụedemede enweghị ascender (意, ḿ, ń, 意 (意, ś, v́ wdg) mana edere ya n'aka N'ihi ya ma ọ bụghị (b", d", f", h", k", l", t"). Na kọmpụta, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịbanye na njikọta mkpụrụedemede ndị a ma ọ bụ mee ka ha yie ihe na-atọ ụtọ na mkpụrụedemede kachasị mma, yabụ a na-etinye apostrophe n'azụ mkpụrụedemede n'ọnọdụ niile. A na-agbaso nkwekọrịta a n'isiokwu a.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mkpụrụedemede[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | gbara gburugburu | unrounded | gbara gburugburu | |
| N'akụkụ | i | na | Ọdịdị | u |
| N'etiti | na | ø | Ihe omume | o |
| Emeghe | æ | Ọpụpụ | ||
Nkwekọ ụdaume[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Võro echebewo usoro nkwekọrịta ụdaume nke dị na Proto-Finnic. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Nke a na-eme ka ọ dị iche na Estonian na ụfọdụ asụsụ Finnic ndị ọzọ, nke furu ya.
Usoro nkwekọrịta ụdaume na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'ihu, azụ na ụdaume na'anọpụ iche, dịka usoro a na-ahụ na Finnish. Okwu enweghị ike ịnwe ma ụdaume ihu na azụ; nsonaazụ na-akpaghị aka na-agbanwe azụ nke ụdaume dabere na ụdị ụdaume a hụrụ na okwu a na-agbakwunye ya. Enwere ike ijikọta ụdaume na-anọpụ iche na ụdị ụdaume ọ bụla, ọ bụ ezie na okwu nwere naanị ụdaume na'anọpụ iche nwere nkwekọrịta ụdaume n'ihu. na ụdaume na-anọpụ i bụ i, dị ka Votic mana n'adịghị ka Finnish na Karelian, ebe e na-anọgidekwa.
| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|
| N'ebe dị nso | na | u |
| N'ebe dị nso na-enweghị gburugburu | m (ɨ*) | |
| N'etiti gburugburu | ø | o |
| N'etiti a na-agbaghị gburugburu | na | Ihe omume |
| Emeghe | æ | Ọpụpụ |
- A na-ewere ụdaume ɨ (n'asụsụ Võro nke e dere na õ ma Ọ bụ y, lee ngalaba Orthography) dị ka ụdaume azụ maka ebumnuche nkwekọrịta, mana ọ naghị etinye aka na nkwekọrịta n'onwe ya, ebe ọ na-adịghị eme na nsonaazụ na njedebe.
Ihe atụ ụfọdụ, na Estonian na Finnish gụnyere maka ntụnyere:
| Võro | Ndị Estonia | Asụsụ Finnish | Ihe ọ pụtara |
|---|---|---|---|
| küläỌ bụ n'oge ochie ka a na-akpọ | Ụzọ mbata | KiloaỌ bụ n'oge ochie ka a na-akpọ | Obodo nta |
| 'ü' bụ n'oge a na-adịghị anya | Ebe a na-anọ amụ ihe | Kysynyt | jụrụ |
| hõbõhõnõỌ bụ | obi ụtọ | Esperinen | ọlaọcha (adj.) |
Mkpụrụ okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ala dị larịị | pala | ala dị larịị | pala | ala dị larịị | pala | ala dị larịị | pala | |||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | mʲ | n | nʲ | ŋ | ŋʲ | ||||
| Plosive | p | pʲ | t | tʲ | k | kʲ | ʔ | |||
| Africate | ts | tsʲ | ||||||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | enweghị olu | f | fʲ | s | sʲ | h | hʲ | |||
| kwuru okwu | v | vʲ | ||||||||
| Ihe atụ | l | lʲ | j | |||||||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | r | rʲ | ||||||||
Enwere ike ime ka ụdaume Võro niile (ma e wezụga /j/ na /ʔ/) dị mma. Glótal stop (q, IPA [ʔ]) bụ ụda a na-ahụkarị na Võro.
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Asụsụ Finnic
- Asụsụ ndịda Estonia
- Uma Leht, akwụkwọ akụkọ n'asụsụ Võro
- Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Võro
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
(2014), na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Adamawa Languages Project, kewara asụsụ Tula-Waja dị ka ndị a: Kleinewillinghöfer na-ewere Tso na Cham dị ka alaka ndị kewara na mbụ. [12] weere Waja dị ka alaka dị iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ ya kpọmkwem n'ime Tula-Waja ka bụ ihe
- ↑ Recent Events. Iub.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-10-04. Retrieved on 2014-08-23.
- ↑ Päring LINGUAE andmebaasist. Keelte nimetused. Eki.ee. Retrieved on 2014-08-23.
- ↑ ISO 639 code sets. Sil.org (2009-01-16). Retrieved on 2014-08-23.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Koreinik (2012). Maintenance of South Estonian Varieties: A Focus on Institutions. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe. Retrieved on 2015-12-09.
- ↑ Meiorg (2012). Legal and Institutional Framework Analysis: Seto and Võro languages. Working Papers in European Language Diversity 19. Retrieved on 2015-12-09.
- ↑ Võro Instituut » Welcome!. Wi.ee. Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved on 2014-08-23.
- ↑ Saar. Võro language (en-US). Võru Instituut. Retrieved on 2014-08-23.
- ↑ Võro language and alphabet. Omniglot.com. Retrieved on 2014-08-23.
- ↑ Koreinik (2013). Võro kiil. Studies in European Language Diversity 23.2. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved on 2015-12-09.
- ↑ Koreinik (2013). The Võro language in Estonia: ELDIA Case-Specific Report. Studies in European Language Diversity 23. Archived from the original on 2022-08-08. Retrieved on 2015-12-09.
- ↑ UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger. Unesco.org. Retrieved on 2014-08-23.
- ↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. The languages of the Tula – Waja Group. Adamawa Languages Project.
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Asụsụ Võro na mkpụrụ akwụkwọ na Omniglot
- Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Võro-Estonian (Võro Institute) (n'asụsụ Võro)
- Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Võro (n'asụsụ Võro)
- Akwụkwọ akụkọ asụsụ Võro "Uma Leht" (n'asụsụ Võro)
- Ihe Nlereanya nke asụsụ Võro
- Olu e ji emepụta Võro (n'asụsụ Võro)
- Oahpa - mmemme ịntanetị maka ndị na-amụ Võro (n'asụsụ Võro)
- "Estonian dialects and layers" na http://www.estonica.org E debere Wayback Machine
- Akwụkwọ maka njirimara ISO 639: vro
- Homepage nke mmemme kọmputa na Võro E debere Wayback Machine (n'asụsụ Võro)
- English-Võro dictionary of computer terms Archived 2008-10-15 at the Wayback Machine (in Võro)
- Eurominority
- Asụsụ Uralic (Salminen 2003)
- Egwuregwu n'ịntanetị n' (n'asụsụ Võro) (n'asụsụ Võre)
- Nchịkọta nke ihe osise na Võro (n'asụsụ Võro)