Asụsụ ndị Senegambia
| obere ụdị nke | Atlantic  |
|---|
Asụsụ SeneGambia, nke a maara dị ka Northern West Atlantic, ma ọ bụ n'akwụkwọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya mgbe ụfọdụ na-agbagwoju anya dị ka asụsụ Atlantic, bụ alaka nke Asụsụ Atlantic-Congo nke dị na Senegal, na ọtụtụ asụsụ a na-asụ n'ebe ahụ na ndịda Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau, na Guinea. Otú ọ dị, ndị Fula na-agafe agafe agbasaala na asụsụ ha site na Senegal gafee ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti Sahel. Asụsụ kachasị n'otu bụ Wolof, asụsụ mba nke Senegal, nke nwere nde mmadụ anọ na-asụ ya na nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. Enwere ma eleghị anya nde mmadụ iri na atọ na-asụ ụdị dị iche iche nke Fula, na ihe karịrị otu nde ndị na-asụrụ Serer. Akụkụ kachasị pụta ìhè nke asụsụ Senegambian bụ na ha enweghị ụda, n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ Asụsụ Atlantic-Congo.
Nchịkọta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
David Sapir (1971) tụrụ aro alaka West Atlantic nke asụsụ Niger-Congo nke gụnyere alaka Northern nke na-anọchite anya Senegambian. Otú ọ dị, Sapir's West Atlantic na alaka ya ghọrọ mpaghara na ụdị karịa usoro ọmụmụ. Nanị nyocha kemgbe ahụ, Segerer & Pozdniakov (2010, 2017), wepụrụ asụsụ Southern Atlantic. Asụsụ ndị fọdụrụnụ (Northern ma ọ bụ Senegambian) bụ ndị a na-akọwa site na enweghị ụda. A na-akọwa alaka Serer-Fulani-Wolof site na mgbanwe ụdaume. Serer na Fula na-ekerịta nsonaazụ aha.
Ntinye nke asụsụ Nalu na-enweghị ihe akaebe ejighị n'aka.
Ọtụtụ nkewa, gụnyere nke Ethnologue 20 ji mee ihe, na-egosi Fula dị ka onye nwere njikọ chiri anya na Wolof karịa ka ọ dị na Serer, n'ihi njehie n'akwụkwọ. [citation needed]
[1]Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology kewara asụsụ Senegambian n'okpuru aha North-Central Atlantic na nchekwa data Glottolog ya.
Mgbanwe nke ụdaume[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Asụsụ Senegambian bụ ndị a ma ama maka Mgbanwe nke ụdaume ha, ihe na-eme nke ụdaume mbụ nke okwu na-agbanwe dabere na ọdịdị ya na / ma ọ bụ gburugburu ya. Na Fula, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụdaume mbụ nke ọtụtụ aha na-agbanwe dabere ma ọ bụ otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ:
Ụdị aha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-akọwa asụsụ West Atlantic site na usoro aha ha, nke yiri nke a na-ahụ na asụsụ Niger-Congo ndị ọzọ, nke kachasị ewu ewu bụ Asụsụ Bantu. Ọtụtụ West Atlantic, na n'ezie Niger-Congo, usoro aha na-eji prefixes, na ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ n'ozuzu kwenyere na nke a na-egosipụta usoro proto-Niger-Congo. Asụsụ nke alaka Fula-Serer nke Senegambian, Otú ọ dị, nwere nsonaazụ aha ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke prefixes na suffixes. Joseph Greenberg kwuru na ụdị ndị a sitere na ndị na-ekpebi ihe ndị na-anọghị n'otu nke kwekọrọ na klas aha:
Okwu ntụnyere[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ntụnyere nke okwu ndị bụ isi nke asụsụ Senegambian: [2]
| Asụsụ | anya | ntị | imi | ezé | ire | ọnụ | ọbara | ọkpụkpụ | osisi | mmiri | aha; aha nna |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wolof | bət / gət | N'ime ala | bakkan | bəny / afọ | luminị | gemminy | N'ihi ya | Akwara | garab | ndɔx | tur; onye nsọ |
| Sereer | na-atọ ọchị | Nọf | Onyis | ányíìny (PL) | ụmụ nwoke | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya | fo ʔɔl ɔla | o hij ola / a kij aka | m ndaxar na / taxar ka | foto: foto | |
| Akpụkpọ anụ | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ihe nkiri | Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ | ɲis | Isi iyi | ihe na-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya | Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-eme ihe | foʔyeʔ | kiʔy | ndaxar | N'elu ugwu | Ọ bụ mgbe a na-eme ya |
| Fula / Pular | yiit-ere / git-e | ugbu a-ru / noppi | kin-al / kin-e | nyii-re / nyi"-e | Njem / -ɗe | hundu-ko / kundu-le; kara-ho | ʔyii ʔy-an | ʔyi-ʔ-al / ʔyiʔ-e | legal / legal | N'elu / di'e | in-nde / in-ɗe; yettoo-re / gettoo-je |
| Ndut | Okwu Mkpa | eriri | __ibo__ Ha na-eme ihe n'ụzọ ọzọ | ala | Ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya | ɓuk | ɲif | ʔyo | kɪlɪl | Ọdịdị | tiː |
| Sili | Okwu Mkpa | nuf | __ibo__ Ha na-eme ihe n'ụzọ ọzọ | ala | Ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya | ɓuq | ɲif | ʔyox | kilik | mkpofu | thiː |
| Safi | Jose | eriri | kiɲin | ala | Ọrịa a na-akpọ pɛʔdɛm | Gọntaktị | ɲif | ʔjɔx | kidik | mazup | tik |
| Lala | Gí | Nọt | kumun | ala | peɾim | kuː | ɲif | ʔyɔx | Akpụkpọ ahụ | Mkpụrụ ndụ | Ọrịa na-egbu egbu |
| Enweghị | kuas | Nọt | Kunny | siːs | Ọnyà | ku | ɲif | ʎoh | Akpụkpọ ahụ | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya | tek |
| Banhum | ci-gil / i- | n'elu ala / xa- | Nọnk / -əŋ | gu-rul / xa- | bu-lemuc / i- | bu-rul / i- | mu-leen | gu-xuun / xa- / ba-, ku- | ci-nɔ / mu-nn | mu-nd / +-əŋ | gu-rɛt / xa-; ci-ram / nya- |
| Cobiana | si-ggih / nyi- | ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gba ọtọ | gu-nyikin / ŋa- | bu-gees / ja- | jaarum / a- | a-cis / ga-s | bu-heeh | gu-maab / ŋa- | u-doʔ / t- | ma-leem | gi-sɛh / ŋa-; gu-mantiinya / ŋa- |
| Cassanga | si-gir / ga-, nyi- | gu-nuf / makesa- | gu-nyikən / ŋa- | gu-gees / ŋa- | Jaịl / a- | a-cis / ga-s | bi-lɛr | gu-maab / ŋa- | gu-rien / ŋa- | ma-yaab | gu-sɛr / ŋa-; si-mbur / nyi- |
| Konyagi | ì-ŋkə́r | æ̀-nə̀f / væ̀- | ì-cə̀l / wæ̀-s | Ø-bènyə́ / wæ̀- | Ø-ryə̀w̃ / wæ̀- | Ø-w̃ə̀s / wæ̀- | Ihe a na-akpọ | Ø-ỹə̀c / wæ̀- | æ̀-tə́x / væ̀- | wə-̀ŋkà | ù-w̃æcə́ / wæ̀-m |
| Ụlọ Ahịa | a-ŋgəz / b+ | a-nəv / b+ | ɛ-cən / o-z | yiŋga / ɔ- | liw / o-d | e-tey / o-z | Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ | a-capar / b+ | ɛ-təɣ / ɔ- | ụmụ nwoke (o-class) | ɔ-wac / ɔ-m; лиrc / o-c |
| Bedik | ngọgụ | ga-nəf / ba- | e-cəl / ma-s | gi-nyaŋga / ma- | i-ɗem / mm- | bə-məš / ma- | ma-yel | ɛ-bɛʔy / Ø-m | ga-t / ba-t | Ihe nr. | yat |
| Pajade | m-aasa | ko-nufa | Nọọ-Sɛnɛ | pe-nnya | pe-deema | pa-mməs | p-wad | pe-jeere | ma-tte | ma-mbe | micc |
| Biafada | Gərä | N'ime afọ, n'ime afọ | nya-sin / ba+ | cede / maa-s | bu-deema | mməsə / maa-m | bwa-hanna | bu-jedä | bu-r / maa-r | ma-mbiya | Ugboro ole na ole |
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
na ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ n'ozuzu kwenyere na nke a na-egosipụta usoro proto-Niger-Congo. Asụsụ nke alaka Fula-Serer nke Senegambian, Otú ọ dị, nwere nsonaazụ aha mammadụ anọ na-asụ ya na nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. Enwere ma eleghị anya nde mmadụ iri na atọ na-asụ ụdị dị iche
- ↑ Hammarström (2022-12-05). "North-Central Atlantic". DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Retrieved on 2023-01-06.
- ↑ Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1971. "West Atlantic: Nchịkọta nke Asụsụ, Usoro Aha ha na Mgbanwe Nkwupụta". Na Sebeok, ed, Current Trends in Linguistics, 7: Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa.Asụsụ na Sub-Saharan Africa., 45–112. Nwa atụrụ
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "A Genealogical classification of Atlantic languages." (Draft) Iji pụta na: Lüpke, Friederike (ed.) The Oxford guide to the Atlantic languages of West Africa: Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2022. Proto-Fula-Sereer: Lexicon, morphophonology, na klas aha. (Niger-Congo Comparative Studies 3). Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5820515 . https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/325. Nweta.