Bob Brown

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Robert James Brown (amụrụ na 27 Disemba 1944) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Australia, dọkịta na onye naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụ onye omeiwu na onye ndú ndị omeiwu nke Australian Greens. A họpụtara Brown ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu Australia na tiketi Tasmanian Greens, ya na onye omeiwu Greens Western Australia Dee Margetts naanọdụ ala iji guzobe otu ndị omeiwu Australia Greens mbụ naesote ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke afọ 1996. A họpụtara ya ọzọ na 2001 na 2007. Ọ bụ onye mbụ naeme enyi nwoke nihu ọha na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Australia na onye isi mbụ naahụ maka enyi nwoke nihu ọha nke otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Australia.

Mgbe ọ naeje ozi na ndị omeiwu Tasmanian, Brown nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na mkpọsa maka mmụba dị ukwuu na mpaghara ọzara echedoro. Brown duziri ndị Australian Greens site na ntọala nke pati ahụ na 1992 ruo nọnwa Eprel 2012, oge ntuli aka ruru ihe dị ka 10% na steeti na gọọmentị etiti (13.1% nke votu mbụ na 2010).[1] Site na 2002 ruo 2004, mgbe obere òtù nwere nguzozi ike na Senate, Brown ghọrọ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama. Nọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2003, Brown bụ isiokwu nke ndị mgbasa ozi mba ụwa mgbe a kwụsịtụrụ ya na ndị omeiwu maka itinye aka noge okwu onye isi ala United States George W. Bush.

Nabalị iri na atọ nọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Brown gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka onye ndú nke ndị Green ma gosipụta ebumnuche ya ịhapụ Senate na June. Nke a mere na 15 June 2012.[2]

Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mụrụ Brown na Oberon, New South Wales, otu nime ejima, wee gaa Trunkey Public School, Coffs Harbour High School (1957-60) na Blacktown Boys High School.[3] Nafọ ikpeazụ ya, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ.[4]

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Brown debanyere aha na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na Mahadum Sydney, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery.

Na mbido afọ 20, Brown sitere nike mmụọ nsọ nke Praịm Minista Robert Menzies, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ sonye na Liberal Party nke Australia.

Ọrụ tupu ndị omeiwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Brown rụrụ ọrụ ọgwụ ruo oge ụfọdụ na Royal Canberra Hospital. Noge ọ nọ nụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, ya na ndị ọrụ ahụike ndị ọzọ nọ nokwá dị elu weere nguzo naeme udo site nịjụ ịkwado ụmụ okorobịa naachọghị ịlụ ọgụ na Agha Vietnam dị ka ha kwesịrị ka a kpọọ ha.[5] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye bi na ụlọ ọgwụ Darwin na Alice Springs. Na post nke ikpeazụ, ọ zutere John Hawkins, onye dọkịta naawa ahụ nke naagagharị nosimiri na Tasmania.[5]

Brown gara London na 1970 wee rụọ ọrụ na Hounslow Cottage Hospital na St Mary Abbots Hospital na South Kensington.[6] Ọ bụ dọkịta bi na St Mary Abbots Hospital mgbe a kpọbatara Jimi Hendrix.[7][8]

Noge ọ lara ezumike nká, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi kọrọ nụzọ naezighi ezi na ọ kwupụtara na Hendrix anwụọla. Brown mechara mee ka o doo anya na, mgbe ọ nọ nọrụ mgbe a kpọbatara Hendrix, "ọ nwụọla awa ole na ole", ma dọkịta dị iche kwupụtara na Hendrix anwụọla - onye bụkwa, na mberede, onye Australia.[9]

Brown kwagara Tasmania na 1972 wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye naagwọ ọrịa na Launceston. Noge naadịghị anya, ọ banyere nihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi nke steeti ahụ, ọkachasị mkpọsa iji chekwaa Lake Pedder. Ka ọ naerule nafọ 1972, ọ bụ onye otu United Tasmania Group nke e guzobere ọhụrụ, otu "green" mbụ nke Australia.[10] Ruo afọ abụọ nime afọ ndị 1970, Brown jere ozi dị ka onye otu ndị naachọ Thylacine.

Nafọ 1976, ọ buru ọnụ otu izu nelu Ugwu Wellington iji mee mkpesa megide mbata nke ụgbọ agha nuklia USS Enterprise na Hobart.[11]

ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị steeti[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Brown mgbe a họpụtara ya na Senate na 1990s.

Nafọ 1978, a họpụtara Brown dịka onye nduzi nke Tasmanian Wilderness Society. Na ngwụcha afọ 1970 ọ pụtara dị ka onye ndú nke mkpọsa iji gbochie iwu Franklin Dam, nke gaeme ka ndagwurugwu Osimiri Franklin jupụta dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ hydroelectric. Brown so na mmadụ 1500 e jidere mgbe ha naeme ngagharị iwe noge mkpọsa ahụ. O mechara nọrọ ụbọchị iri na itoolu nụlọ mkpọrọ Risdon nke Hobart. Nụbọchị a tọhapụrụ ya na 1983, ọ ghọrọ onye otu ndị omeiwu Tasmania maka oche nke House of Assembly nke Denison mgbe onye omeiwu Democrats Norm Sanders gbara arụkwaghịm iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma naanọchite anya Senate Australia; A họpụtara Brown iji dochie ya na countback.[12] Mgbasa ozi Franklin bụ ihe ịga nke ọma mgbe gọọmentị etiti tinyere aka chebe Osimiri Franklin na 1983.

Noge mbụ ọ nọ nọchịchị, Brown webatara ọtụtụ atụmatụ nke ndị otu onwe ha, nke gụnyere nnwere onwe nke ozi, ọnwụ na nkwanye ùgwù, belata ụgwọ ọrụ ndị omeiwu, mgbanwe iwu nwoke na nwanyị, machibido ụlọ ọrụ batrị na nkwado maka Tasmania naenweghị nuklia. Iwu ya nke afọ 1987 iji machibido égbè semi-automatic ka ndị otu Liberal na ndị otu Labour nke Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Tasmania tụgharịrị, afọ itoolu tupu ogbugbu Port Arthur dugara na mmeri nke Federal Liberal iji nweta otu nsonaazụ ahụ.

Nafọ 1989, usoro nnọchiteanya nke Tasmania nyere ndị Green ohere imeri ise nime oche 35 na Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Tasmania na Brown ghọrọ onye ndú ha.[footnote 1] O kwetara ịkwado gọọmentị Labour Party, na ndabere nke nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta (nke Michael Field na Bob Brown bịanyere aka na ya) nke ndị Green nwere onwe ha kwetara ịkwadebe mmefu ego ma ọ bụghị mmegharị nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi, na ALP kwetara ịmepụta usoro ndị omeiwu naemeghe, iji jụọ maka nhọpụta ngalaba, inye ọrụ nyocha iwu, parliamentary na mgbanwe nke gụnyere ohere hà nhata, nchekwa nke ozi, ogige ntụrụndụ mba na nkwupụta ọha na eze nke nkwekọ nke nnukwu ike na eze nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị na eze. Otú ọ dị, nkwekọrịta a dara nihi nsogbu ọhịa na 1992. Nafọ 1993, Brown gbara arụkwaghịm n'ụlọ omebe iwu ma guzo nenweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya gọọmentị etiti.

Nafọ 1990-1991 Brown kwadoro njikọta nke Green Independents na Australian Democrats iji guzobe "Green Democrats", nadịghị ka ịmekọrịta na Green Parties ndị ọzọ ma guzobe Australian Greens.[13] Otú ọ dị, naesote mgbanwe na idu ndú na ndị Democrats, atụmatụ a enweghị ike ịga nihu na ndị Independents jikọtara onwe ha na Green Party dị n'otu.[13]

ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gọọmentị etiti[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Brown na Salamanca Market na Tasmania na Disemba 2004
Brown na-etinye ụkpụrụ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke Green na ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke afọ 2007
Brown na nnọkọ mgbanwe ihu igwe na Melbourne na 5 Julaị 2008
Adam Bandt, Brian Walters na Brown n'oge mkpọsa maka ntuli aka steeti Victoria nke afọ 2010
Greg Barber, Brown na Brian Walters na-aga ngagharị iwe na Melbourne na 2010

A họpụtara Brown ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu Australia maka Tasmania nafọ 1996, ọ bụkwa onye naekwu okwu nezoghị ọnụ naemegide ọchịchị John Howard, yana ịkwado okwu ndị naacha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke ndị ruuru mmadụ, gụnyere okwu mba ụwa dị ka Tibet, East Timor na West Papua. O webatara iwu maka mgbanwe iwu, nchedo ọhịa, iji gbochie nsị radiation, iji machibido ikpe ụmụaka Aboriginal, iji machibidoro iji bọmbụ ụyọkọ na maka mbelata ụlọ okpomọkụ.

Na ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke afọ 2001, a họpụtara Brown ọzọ na Senate site na mmụba dị ukwuu, ma kwuo okwu nezoghị ọnụ na Praịm Minista John Howard jụrụ ikwe ka ndị naachọ ebe mgbaba 438 (karịsịa site na Afghanistan) daa na Christmas Island mgbe MV Tampa, ụgbọ mmiri Norwegian, napụtara ha nụgbọ mmiri ha naada nOké Osimiri India. Brown katọrọ otu onye isi mmegide Kim Beazley kwenyere na John Howard kwenyere na ihe mere na Tampa.

Brown kwuru okwu nụzọ pụrụ iche na mmegide ya megide òkè Australia na mwakpo 2003 nke Iraq ma bụrụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye isi olu maka mmegide agha / udo. Mgbe Onye isi ala Bush gara Canberra na 23 Ọktoba 2003, Brown na onye omeiwu ibe ya Kerry Nettle tinyere aka n'oge ọ na-ekwu okwu notu nnọkọ nke ụlọ abụọ nke ndị omeiwu. N'oge Bush naekwu okwu, Brown na Nettle naeyi ihe ịrịba ama naezo aka na David Hicks na Mamdouh Habib, ụmụ amaala Australia abụọ e jidere na Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, noge ahụ (e mechara tọhapụ Habib nebughị ebubo ma Hicks nọrọ nụlọ mkpọrọ maka inye nkwado ihe onwunwe maka iyi ọha egwu), mgbe ndị agha United States jidere ha na Afghanistan na Pakistan notu notu. Bush ji ezi ọchị nabata interjections mana onye isi oche nke ụlọ ahụ, Neil Andrew "gụrụ" Brown na Nettle. Nke a pụtara na a kwụsịtụrụ ha abụọ nụlọ omebe iwu ruo awa 24 nke gbochiri ha ịnọ noge okwu yiri nke ahụ site naka Onye isi ala China Hu Jintao nechi ya. Otú ọ dị, mgbe okwu ahụ gasịrị, Brown nyere Bush aka.

Brown megidere mmezigharị nke Gọọmentị Howard na Iwu Alụmdi na Nwunye na 2004, naekwu na "Maazị Howard kwesịrị izu ike ma nabata alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwoke dị ka akụkụ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nọdịnihu".[14]

N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2004, ụlọ ọrụ naahụ maka ọhịa na mbupụ osisi Gunns Limited nwara ịgba Brown na ndị ọzọ akwụkwọ maka $ 6.3 nde, nime ihe akụkọ nke mgbasa ozi naekwu na ọ metụtara "mgbasa ozi naaga nihu naemebi ihe" megide ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu wepụrụ nkwupụta mbụ nke Gunns nyere ma nyefee ego megide Gunns maka usoro mbụ. Gunns mechara daa na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mechara wepụ nkwupụta niile megide Brown na 13 Disemba 2006 ka ọ naaga nihu na ikpe ya megide ndị ọzọ gụnyere The Wilderness Society.[15]

A họpụtara Brown dị ka onye isi ndị omeiwu mbụ nke The Greens na 28 Nọvemba 2005, naesochi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri nke ije ozi dị ka onye ndú nezie kemgbe a họpụtara ya na Senate na 1996.[16]

Nọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2007, Gọọmentị Steeti Tasmania na Gọọmentụ Federal Australia zaghachiri site nịgbanwe ederede nke nkwekọrịta ọhịa mpaghara steeti ahụ. Akụkụ ọhụrụ naeme ka o doo anya na okwu 'nchebe' metụtara naanị ma gọọmentị abụọ ahụ naewere ụdị dị iche iche ka a gaechebe karịa ihe okwu ahụ pụtara dabere na ihe akaebe nke dị otú ahụ.

Na mbido afọ 2007, Brown dọtara nlelị site na ngalaba mgbasa ozi na nnukwu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka atụmatụ ya itinye aka na atụmatụ n'ime afọ atọ, nke gaemecha hụ mmachibido iwu nke mbupụ coal.[17] Brown kọwara mbupụ coal dị ka "omume heroin nke ụlọ ọrụ ike" ma kwuo na mbupụ nke teknụzụ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ịbụ ihe kachasị mkpa.[18]

A họpụtara Brown ọzọ na ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke afọ 2007. O kwupụtara ebumnuche ya iguzo ọzọ na Nzukọ Mba Ndị Ọhịa na Nọvemba 2005.

Mgbe a họpụtara ya ọzọ na nke Gọọmentị Ọrụ ọhụrụ, Brown kpọrọ Praịm Minista ọhụrụ, Kevin Rudd, ka ọ setịpụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ carbon ozugbo, ma kwupụta ọkwa ha na United Nations Bali Climate Change Conference na Disemba 2007, naaga nihu na mkpọsa ihu igwe ya, ma naekwu na ọ bụ "ihe doro anya" ihe gaesi na ya pụta ma ọ bụrụ na Australia agaghị etinye ihe mgbarute ihe mgbaruaru ọsọ carbon.[19]

Nafọ 2005, Brown wetara ikpe megide Forestry Tasmania na Ụlọikpe Federal, na mgbalị ichebe ọhịa Wielangta nke Tasmania site na igbu osisi. Nkwekọrịta Oké Ọhịa Ógbè Tasmanian nke 1997 (RFA) wepụrụ ọrụ ịkpụ osisi site na iwu ụdị dị nihe ize ndụ mana ọ chọrọ nchebe nke ụdị dị nihe ize ndụ. Bob Brown wetara ikpe megide Forestry Tasmania naekwu maka egwu maka ụdị ndị nọ nihe ize ndụ dị ka Swift parrot na Wielangta Stag Beetle.[20] Nọnwa Disemba afọ 2006, Ọkàikpe Shane Marshall nyere ikpe ahụ nihi ihu ọma Brown. Mgbe a rịọrọ arịrịọ nụlọ ikpe zuru oke nke ụlọ ikpe gọọmentị etiti, ikpe ahụ furu efu, nagbaghaghị ikpe mbụ ahụ na igbu osisi gaetinye ụdị osisi ndị a nihe ize ndụ. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2008, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu jụrụ ikike ime mkpesa maka mkpebi ahụ mgbe a gbanwere okwu RFA.[21]

E nyere Brown iwu ka ọ kwụọ $ 240,000 na Forestry Tasmania, nke o kwuru na ya enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ. Enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ gaeme ka usoro mmebi ego nke gaefu Brown oche Senate ya.[22][23] Brown jụrụ noge gara aga onyinye nkwekọrịta sitere na Forestry Tasmania nke gaachọ ka ọ kwụọ naanị $ 200,000 nke ego ọ kpatara.[24] Na 9 June 2009, onye ọchụnta ego Australia bụ Dick Smith kwere nkwa inyere ya aka ịgbapụta ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, onyinye nke naadịghị mkpa mgbe nkwa nkwado sitere naka ihe karịrị 1,000 ndị nyere onyinye kpuchiri ụgwọ iwu Brown nime ụbọchị ole na ole nke ọkwa ya.[25][26]

Nafọ 2011, mgbe idei mmiri nke Queensland nke afọ 2010-11 gasịrị, Brown katọrọ ya maka ịtụ aro na a gaekenye ọkara ụtụ isi Mineral Resource Rent maka ọdachi ndị naabịa nọdịnihu.[27] O kwuru na mgbanwe ihu igwe, ọkachasị mmetụta na ihu igwe site na ngalaba naegwupụta ihe gaabụrịrị na ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ nke idei mmiri ahụ kpatara.

Nafọ 2011, Brown kwadoro ntinye aka ndị agha na Libya nafọ 2011.[28][29]

Nabalị iri abụọ na anọ nọnwa Machị nafọ 2012, nụbọchị ncheta afọ iri anọ nke nguzobe nke ndị Tasmanian Greens, Brown dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere mmebi nke ụwa na mmetụta ọ nwere ike inwe nọgbọ ndị naabịa nọdịnihu.[30] O kwuru na mmepeanya ndị ọzọ dị na mbara igwe bụ:

anaghị ekwurịta okwu na Ụwa. Ha agwụla onwe ha. Ha abịala ma pụọ. Ugbu a ọ bụ oge anyị.[31][32]

Dị ka ụzọ o kwere omume iji gbochie nke a, ọ tụrụ aro ka e nwee ụlọ omebe iwu zuru ụwa ọnụ. A nabatara ya site nịkụ aka. Onye osote onye ndú noge ahụ bụ Christine Milne kwuru na ọ bụ "okwu naakpali akpali".[33] A katọrọ ụzọ ya.[34] Na Global Greens Conference na Dakar, Senegal Africa, 1 Eprel 2012, Bob Brown kwadoro ka e guzobe "ụlọ omebe iwu zuru ụwa ọnụ" ebe "nwa amaala ọ bụla kwesịrị ikwu okwu ha nhata". Mkpebi ikpeazụ nke ndị Australian Greens na ndị ọzọ kwadoro, gafere.[35]

Ịgba arụkwaghịm nọchịchị ndị Green[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nabalị iri na atọ nọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Brown gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka onye ndú nke ndị Green ma kwupụta na ọ gaagba arụkwaghịma na Senate na June mgbe onye nọchiri ya dị. Onye osote ya, Christine Milne, ghọrọ onye ndú ndị Green, na onye omeiwu Melbourne Adam Bandt ghọrọ onye ndọndị Greens.[36] A họpụtara Peter Whish-Wilson, onye guzoro na Green, dị ka onye nọchiri Brown na Senate.[37]

Brown gbara arụkwaghịm na 15 June 2012 na 3:30 pm, mgbe o nyere onye isi oche nke Senate, John Hogg, arụkwaghịma ya. A ṅụrụ Peter Whish-Wilson iyi n'ime Senate na 21 June.

Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Brown guzobere Bob Brown Foundation na onye mmekọ ya ogologo oge Paul Thomas iji kwalite mmata gburugburu ebe obibi.[38] Kemgbe e guzobere ya, Bob Brown Foundation enyewo ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na Australia gụnyere Miranda Gibson, Charlie Wood, Isaac Astill, na Drew Hutton onyinye mba.[39]

Brown bụ onye na-akwado mkpọsa maka nguzobe nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke United Nations, otu na-akwado mgbanwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke United Nations.[40]

Brown bụ ọkà okwu na egwu egwu Save the Kimberley, nke emere na 5 Ọktoba 2012. N'ịbụ nke e mere na Federation Square na Melbourne, Australia, egwu ahụ bụ akụkụ nke mkpọsa ogologo oge iji mee mkpesa megide atụmatụ iji mepụta mpaghara James Price Point na Broome, Western Australia, Australia. Brown kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ na 2 Septemba 2012 na Sydney, Australia.[41] Brown pụtara na kọntaktị ọzọ iji kwado ihe kpatara Kimberley na 24 Febụwarị 2013, na ndị egwu Missy Higgins na John Butler pụtakwara, na ihe omume emere na The Esplanade na Fremantle, Western Australia. Jarrah Records, akara ndekọ nke Butler guzobere ya na ndị egwu atọ The Waifs na onye njikwa egwu Phil Stevens, rụkọtara ọrụ na The Wilderness Society iji mee omume nefu nke gosipụtara egwu Ball Park Music. [citation needed] Njem iji mee mkpesa maka iwu ụlọ nrụpụta gas a tụrụ aro na James Price Point sonyeere egwu egwu egwu nefu na ndị naakwado ya naese foto na ọkọlọtọ.[42][43]

Na 8 Jenụwarị 2013, a mara ọkwa na Brown gaeweghara dịka onye nduzi nke Australian chapter nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, otu naenweghị uru, ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mmiri.[44] Ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ nọnwa Eprel afọ 2014.[45]

Na Jenụwarị 2016, e jidere Brown mgbe ọ jụrụ ịhapụ Ọhịa Lapoinya na Tasmania, ebe a naakwadebe igbu osisi. Ya na onye ọzọ naeme ngagharị iwe, onye e jidere ụbọchị ole na ole tupu mgbe ahụ, e boro ya ebubo mpụ nokpuru Iwu Ọrụ Tasmania (Nchebe pụọ na Ndị Naeme ngalaba). Ọ bụ ezie na e wepụrụ ebubo ahụ, ha abụọ gara Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu iji kwuo na ndokwa ndị a naebo ha ebubo megidere iwu. Nọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2017, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kwetara, site nọtụtụ ọ bụ ezie na nihi ihe dị iche iche, na ndokwa ndị ahụ abaghị uru n'ihi na ha mebiri nnwere onwe iwu nke nkwurịta okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[46][47]

Nọnwa Ọgọst 2016, Brown sonyeere ndị ọrụ Sea Shepherd nụgbọ mmiri ha bụ Steve Irwin, ka ọ sonyeere mkpọsa megide igwu egwu na Great Australian Bight.[48][49]

Mmegide megide ebe a naegwupụta coal na Queensland[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, Brown duuru ndị njem mee ngagharị iwe megide ebe a na-egwupụta coal na Carmichael.[50]

Mmegide megide ụlọ ọrụ ikuku nke Tasmania[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nọnwa Julaị afọ 2019 Brown pụtara naemegide nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ikuku a gaeguzobe na Northern Tasmania, naakpali nchegbu maka ụdị nnụnụ.[51]

Ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Najụjụ ọnụ a gbara akwụkwọ akụkọ nafọ 1976, Brown kwupụtara na ya nwere onye mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị iji mee ka ịkpa ókè pụta ìhè ma gbaa mgbanwe iwu ume nihi na omume nwoke idina nwoke na Tasmania nọgidere bụrụ mpụ ruo nafọ 1997.[52][52][53]

Brown bi ugbu a na Eggs na Bacon Bay,Tasmania, ya na onye mmekọ ya ogologo oge, Paul Thomas, onye ọrụ ugbo na onye naeme ngagharị iwe onye ọ zutere na 1996.[54][55]

Brown bụ onye guzobere, na 1990, nke Australian Bush Heritage Fund, ugbu a Bush Heritage Australia, otu gburugburu ebe obibi naenweghị uru nke raara onwe ya nye ịzụta na ichekwa ọhịa Australia. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke nzukọ ahụ ruo 1996.[56] Nabalị iri abụọ nọnwa Machị n'afọ 2011, Brown nyere Bush Heritage Australia ihe onwunwe na ụlọ dị hekta iri na anọ (35-acre). Ihe onwunwe ahụ dị kilomita 47 (29 miles) nebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Launceston, Tasmania, na Ndagwurugwu Liffey. Dị ka Australian Geographic si kwuo, ọ bụ ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe nnọchianya dị mkpa.[57]

Brown naakọwa onwe ya dị ka "onye Presbyterian dara ada".[58]

Najụjụ ọnụ ya na Richard Fidler na redio ABC, Nigel Brennan, onye nta akụkọ foto Australia nke a tọọrọ na Somalia ma jide ya ruo ụbọchị 462, kpughere na Brown nyere $ 100,000 nke ego nke ya iji nyere aka kwụọ ụgwọ mgbapụta maka ntọhapụ ya. [ntụgharị dị mkpa] A kpughere ya na Brown kpọtụrụ onye ọchụnta ego Australia Dick Smith na-arịọ ka ọ nye ego maka ntọhapụ Brennan, bụ onye a tọhapụrụ na Nọvemba 2009, kwukwara na ajụjụ ọnụ a na Brown gaagbaziri ego a, nkwupụta nke oge Brennan.[59][60][61] Notu ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, Brennan kwuru na nadịghị ka ọmịiko Brown, gọọmentị Australia yiri ka ọ nweghị nchegbu maka ọdịmma ya, Praịm Minista Kevin Rudd jụrụ nchegbu nne ya maka ịtọhapụ nwa ya nwoke.

Nọnwa Julaị afọ 2012, a nabatara Bob Brown nime Hall of Fame na Coffs Harbour High School, ebe ọ nọrọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke afọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya.[62]

Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Brown ebipụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gụnyere Wild Rivers (1983), Lake Pedder (1986), Tarkine Trails (1994), The Greens (1996) (ya na Peter Singer), Memo for a Saner World (2004), Valley of the Giants (2004), Tasmania's Recherche Bay (2005), Earth (2009), In Balfour Street (2010) na Optimism: reflections on a life of action (2014).[63] Ọ rụkọtara ọrụ, ma ọ bụ kwado ọrụ Geoff Law. Nafọ 2004, James Norman bipụtara akụkọ ndụ mbụ e nyere ikike nke Brown, nke akpọrọ Bob Brown: A Gentle Revolutionary .

Onyinye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Brown enwetala onyinye ndị a:

  • Akwụkwọ akụkọ Australia 'Australian of the Year' (1983)[64]
  • Ihe nrite IUCN Packard (1984)
  • UNEP Global 500 Roll of Honour (1987)
  • Ihe nrite gburugburu ebe obibi nke Goldman (1990)
  • MAPW Distinguished Physician Award (1990)[65]
  • Magazin BBC Wildlife 'Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kachasị akpali akpali' (1996)[66]
  • National Trust Australian National Treasure (1998)
  • Rainforest Action Network Environmental Hero (2006)[67]
  • Ihe nrite udo nke Australia (2009)[68]
  • Onye Ọkachamara Ịntanet nke Afọ (2010)

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

  1. ↑ "Election 2010 blog", Australian, 28 February 2011. Retrieved on 4 May 2012.
  2. ↑ Ireland. "Bob Brown resigns as Greens leader and senator", The Sydney Morning Herald, 13 April 2012. Retrieved on 13 April 2012.
  3. ↑ Senator Bob Brown – Australian Greens. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  4. ↑ Dr Robert (Bob) Brown, MBBS. Coffs Harbour High School. NSW Department of Education (n.d.). Retrieved on 14 July 2019.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Thompson (1984) p.13
  6. ↑ Thompson (1984) p.43
  7. ↑ Maiden. "Bob Brown", Australian, News. Retrieved on 5 June 2012.
  8. ↑ "Doctor prescribes more compassion", The Sydney Morning Herald, 27 May 2012.
  9. ↑ "About that Jimi Hendrix death business...", news.com.au, 6 June 2012. Retrieved on 6 October 2012.
  10. ↑ Timms (2009). In Search of Hobart. UNSW Press. 
  11. ↑ Green (1981). Battle for the Franklin. Fontana ACF, 122–123. ISBN 0006367151. 
  12. ↑ Results of All Countbacks to Fill House of Assembly Casual Vacancies, under the Tasmanian Electoral Act, for the 43 years from 1965 to 2008. Proportional Representation Society of Australia. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved on 15 August 2010.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Manning (2019). Inside the Greens : the Origins and Future of the Party, the People and the Politics.. Collingwood: Schwartz Publishing Pty, Limited. ISBN 978-1743821190. 
  14. ↑ "Ban on same-sex marriages doesn't target gays: PM", The Sydney Morning Herald, 27 April 2004. Retrieved on 30 June 2011.
  15. ↑ Senator Bob Brown: Media. Bob Brown. Archived from the original on 29 November 2007. Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  16. ↑ Senator Bob Brown: Media. Bob Brown. Archived from the original on 29 November 2007. Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  17. ↑ "Kill coal off, says Bob", 9 February 2007.
  18. ↑ "Coal is energy industry's heroin habit: Brown", Age, 10 February 2007. Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  19. ↑ Streem / Politics / Brown says PM must set carbon targets.
  20. ↑ Bob Brown – Wielangta Landmark Trial. On-trial. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  21. ↑ Brown loses High Court battle to save Tas forest. ABC (23 May 2008). Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  22. ↑ Brown facing bankruptcy over Forestry Tas bill. ABC (8 June 2009). Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  23. ↑ Constitution, section 44(iii).
  24. ↑ Wels (10 June 2009). I took advice on court costs, says Bob Brown. Examiner. Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  25. ↑ Dick Smith to bail Brown out. ABC (9 June 2009). Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  26. ↑ Forestry Tasmania's bill will be paid on time, says Brown. Greens. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  27. ↑ WHAT DID BOB BROWN REALLY SAY ABOUT THE FLOODS? (17 January 2011). Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved on 2011-06-08.. Retrieved 8 June 2011
  28. ↑ Libya's dictator should go - Brown. bob-brown.greensmps.org.au. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved on 2023-08-19.
  29. ↑ Greens support UN backed force against Gaddaf (Press release). parlinfo.aph.gov.au (18 March 2011). Retrieved on 10 February 2023.
  30. ↑ Mather (27 March 2012). Bob sings up a party. Mercury. News. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
  31. ↑ Brown. "Global democracy alone will save us from ourselves", The Age, 31 March 2012. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
  32. ↑ Grattan. "Brown a Green man of many colours", The Age, 1 April 2012. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
  33. ↑ Kerr. "Christine Milne defends 'Earthians' speech", Australian, News, 28 March 2012. Retrieved on 3 May 2012.
  34. ↑ Sharwood (4 April 2012). Earth to Bob. Little green men won't save the world. The Punch. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
  35. ↑ World Congress of Green parties calls for a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly. Campaign for a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly (2 April 2012). Retrieved on 5 May 2012.
  36. ↑ As it happened: Bob Brown resigns as Greens leader – Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  37. ↑ Greens name Brown's Senate replacement. ABC News (5 May 2012). Retrieved on 15 October 2012.
  38. ↑ ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Bob Brown. New Internationalist Blog. New Internationalist Publications (2014). Retrieved on 29 July 2014.
  39. ↑ 2013 Environmentalist of the Year Awards. Retrieved on 9 June 2014.
  40. ↑ "Statements", Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly, 2017. Retrieved on 27 October 2017. (in en-US)
  41. ↑ kateausburn (2 September 2012). Bob Brown Speech at Sydney Save the Kimberley Rally (raw). YouTube. Archived from the original on 2012-09-02. Retrieved on 6 October 2012.
  42. ↑ John Butler Trio – Facts. azrefs.org. Retrieved on 2020-11-09.
  43. ↑ News Live Reviews Photos Album Reviews Interviews Guide Bands Submit Win PHOTOS: CONCERT FOR THE KIMBERLEY AT FREMANTLE ESPLANADE (Photo upload). Space Ship News. Space Ship News | Perth Music. (27 February 2013). Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved on 1 March 2013.
  44. ↑ "Bob Brown to steer Sea Shepherd after legal issues force Paul Watson to step down", ABC News, 8 January 2013. Retrieved on 8 January 2013.
  45. ↑ "Bob Brown steps down as Sea Shepherd chairman", The Sydney Morning Herald.
  46. ↑ Blackshield (26 October 2017). Green in Judgment. Inside Story. Retrieved on 27 October 2017.
  47. ↑ Chordia (2 November 2017). The Trajectory of Structured Proportionality: Brown v Tasmania. AUSPUBLAW. Retrieved on 2 November 2017.
  48. ↑ Sea Shepherd ramps up SA pressure on BP. 9news.com.au.
  49. ↑ Sea Shepherd's Steve Irwin heads to Great Australian Bight to protest against BP's drilling plans - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). ABC (4 August 2016).
  50. ↑ Environment leaders reflect on their role in the 'climate election' - ABC News. amp.abc.net.au.
  51. ↑ Baxendale. "Di Natale defends Brown", www.theaustralian.com.au, 21 July 2019. Retrieved on 26 March 2020. (in en)
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "Doctor says he's gay", Launceston Examiner, 10 June 1976, p. 3.
  53. ↑ Jahshan. "Last but not least: when Tasmania decriminalised homosexuality", Star Observer, 5 June 2014. Retrieved on 6 November 2016.
  54. ↑ Nader. "The issue others avoid", The Age, 19 August 2010. Retrieved on 1 October 2010.
  55. ↑ "How green is Brown's valley", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 October 2004. Retrieved on 1 October 2010.
  56. ↑ Bush Heritage Australia: Our Patron. Bush Heritage. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved on 23 August 2010.
  57. ↑ Pickrell (21 March 2011). Bob Brown gives away his green sanctuary. Australian Geographic. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved on 22 March 2011.
  58. ↑ Q: What do these MPs have in common? A: They are out and proud atheists. The Age (14 March 2010). Retrieved on 14 March 2010.
  59. ↑ Nigel Brennan. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (28 June 2011). Retrieved on 30 June 2011.
  60. ↑ "Dick Smith contributed to Aussie hostage's ransom", 27 November 2009. Retrieved on 30 June 2011.
  61. ↑ Dick Smith, Bob Brown in deal to free hostages. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (27 November 2009). Retrieved on 30 June 2011.
  62. ↑ Bob Brown Rocks Jetty High - Coffs Harbour High School. coffsharb-h.schools.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved on 2020-11-09.
  63. ↑ author:(bob brown). National Library of Australia Catalogue. National Library of Australia (2012). Retrieved on 15 October 2012.
  64. ↑ Martin Walch (2008). My Favourite Australian: Bob Brown. ABC. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved on 15 October 2012.
  65. ↑ Our Patron – Senator Bob Brown – Bush Heritage Australia. Bushheritage.org.au. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved on 8 July 2011.
  66. ↑ Penguin Books Australia. Penguin.com.au. Retrieved on 8 July 2011.
  67. ↑ Senator Bob Brown – Australian Greens. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved on 8 July 2011.
  68. ↑ Australian Peace Prize | Peace Organisation of Australia. poa.org.au. Archived from the original on 19 February 2011.


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