Ebe Akụrụngwa Ụwa Nile Maka Okike

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World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) bụ òtù mba ụwa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke dabeere na Switzerland nke e guzobere na 1961 nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ọhịa nchekwa ọzara na ibelata mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.[1] A na-akpọbu ya World Wildlife Fund, nke ka bụ aha ya na Canada na United States.

WWF bụ ọgbakọ nchekwa kacha ukwuu n'ụwa, nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise n'ụwa niile, na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe karịrị mba 100 ma na-akwado ọrụ nchekwa na gburugburu 3,000 gburugburu. Ha etinyela ihe karịrị ijeri $1 na atụmatụ nchekwa karịa 12,000 kemgbe 1995. WWF bụ ntọala nwere 65% nke ego sitere na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na arịrịọ, 17% sitere na isi mmalite gọọmentị (dị ka World Bank, DFID, na USAID) na 8% sitere na ụlọ ọrụ na 2020.

WWF na-achọ "ịkwụsị mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi ụwa na iji wuo ọdịnihu nke ụmụ mmadụ na-ebi ndụ kwekọrọ na okike." WWF na-ebipụta akụkọ ndụ ndụ kwa afọ abụọ kemgbe 1998; ọ dabere na Index Planet Living Planet na ngụkọ akara ala. Na mgbakwunye, WWF ewepụtala ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi ama ama n'ụwa niile, gụnyere Oge awa ụwa na swap ụgwọ maka okike, yana ọrụ ya ugbu a na-ahazi gburugburu mpaghara isii ndị a: nri, ihu igwe, mmiri ọhụrụ, anụ ọhịa, oke ọhịa na oke osimiri.

WWF natara nkatọ maka njikọ ụlọ ọrụ ya na-ebo ebubo ma baara ya mba maka ịkwado ndị na-eche gburugburu ebe obibi na-achụ ndị bi n'ọhịa Afrịka na ogige ntụrụndụ Messok Dja na Republic of the Congo.[2][3][4]

WWF bụ akụkụ nke Steering Group nke Foundations Platform F20, netwọk mba ụwa nke ntọala na òtù ọrụ ebere.[5]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ntọala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Prince Bernhard na ụgbọala WWF, 1971

Victor Stolan tụpụtara ya n'ihu ọha echiche maka ego maka anụmanụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nye Sir Julian Huxley na nzaghachi nye akụkọ ndị o bipụtara n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain bụ́ The Observer. Atụmatụ a mere ka Huxley tinye Stolan na kọntaktị Edward Max Nicholson, onye nwere ahụmahụ afọ iri atọ nke ijikọta ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi na-aga n'ihu na nnukwu mmasị azụmahịa site na echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na atụmatụ akụ na ụba. Nicholson chepụtara aha nzukọ a na akara ngosi panda mbụ bụ nke Sir Peter Scott mere. A mụrụ WWF na 29 Eprel 1961, n'okpuru aha World Wildlife Fund. Emeghere ụlọ ọrụ mbụ ya na 11 Septemba n'isi ụlọ ọrụ IUCN na Morges, Switzerland.

E chepụtara WWF ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka nzukọ mba ụwa na-anakọta ego iji kwado ọrụ nke ndị otu nchekwa dị ugbu a, ọkachasị International Union for Conservation of Nature.[6] E guzobere ya site na ịbịanye aka na Morges Manifesto, akwụkwọ ntọala nke na-akọwa mkpebi ego ahụ iji nyere ndị otu kwesịrị ekwesị na-agba mbọ ịzọpụta anụ ọhịa ụwa aka:  

Princess Beatrix na-eleta nzukọ ahụ, 1971

Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld nyere aka guzobe WWF, wee bụrụ onye isi oche mbụ ya na 1961. N'afọ 1963, Ntọala ahụ nwere nzukọ ma bipụta nnukwu akụkọ ịdọ aka ná ntị banyere okpomọkụ ụwa nke mmadụ, nke Noel Eichhorn dere dabere na ọrụ Frank Fraser Darling (onye isi oche ntọala ahụ), Edward Deevey, Erik Eriksson, Charles Keeling, Gilbert Plass, Lionel Walford, na William Garnett.[7]

N'afọ 1970, ya na Prince Philip, Duke nke Edinburgh, na ndị mmekọ ole na ole, Bernhard guzobere onyinye ego nke WWF The 1001: A Nature Trust iji jikwaa nchịkwa na nchịkọta ego nke nzukọ ahụ. Ndị otu 1001 onye ọ bụla nyere $ 10,000 na ntụkwasị obi ahụ. Prince Bernhard gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya mgbe ọ sonyere na Lockheed Bribery Scandal.[8]

Ọganihu na nso nso a[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Balọn ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ nke WWF na Mexico, 2013
WWF na People's Climate March, 2017

WWF ehiwela ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ na gburugburu ụwa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mbụ site n'ịchịkọta ego na inye ndị otu na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị dị ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na nchekwa nke ụdị dị egwu. Ka a na-enwetakwu ihe onwunwe, ọrụ ya gbasaara na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị ka ichekwa ụdị dị iche iche nke ndu, iji ihe ndị sitere n'okike na-adịgide adịgide, mbelata mmetọ, na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Òtù ahụ malitekwara ịrụ ọrụ nchekwa na mkpọsa nke ya. Na 1986, nzukọ ahụ gbanwere aha ya gaa na World Wide Fund for Nature, ebe ọ na-ejigide mkpịrịsị WWF. Agbanyeghị, ọ gara n'ihu n'oge ahụ iji rụọ ọrụ n'okpuru aha mbụ na United States na Canada.

1986 bụ ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise nke ntọala WWF, ihe omume nke e mere na Assisi, Ịtali nke onye isi ala mba ụwa nke nzukọ ahụ bụ Prince Philip, Duke nke Edinburgh, kpọrọ ndị isi okpukpe na-anọchite anya okpukpe Buddha, Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, Hindu, Islam na Judaism. Ndị isi a mepụtara The Assisi Declarations, nkwupụta nkà mmụta okpukpe na-egosi mmekọrịta ime mmụọ n'etiti ndị na-eso ụzọ ha na okike nke kpaliri uto na itinye aka nke okpukpe ndị ahụ na nchekwa gburugburu ụwa.[9]

N'afọ ndị 1990, WWF dezigharịrị nkwupụta ebumnuche ya ka ọ bụrụ:   Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na WWF na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ chọpụtara mpaghara 238 nke na-anọchite anya ebe obibi kachasị mma n'ụwa, mmiri dị ọcha na mmiri, dabere na nyocha nke ụdị dị iche iche nke ụwa niile nke nzukọ ahụ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ụdị ya.[10] Na mbido afọ 2000 (afọ iri), ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na mpaghara mpaghara ndị a, na mpaghara ọhịa, nchekwa mmiri na mmiri, nchekwa ụdị dị n'ihe ize ndụ, mgbanwe ihu igwe, na iwepụ kemịkal kachasị egbu.   N'afọ 1990, e jikọtara Conservation Foundation kpamkpam na WWF, mgbe ọ ghọsịrị onye mmekọ nke WWF-US na 1985 mgbe ọ ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ iwu dị iche ma nwee otu ndị ọrụ na bọọdụ ahụ.[1] Nzukọ a maara ugbu a dị ka Conservation Foundation na United States bụbu Forest Foundation nke DuPage County.[6][11] N'afọ 1996, nzukọ ahụ nwetara ọnọdụ ndụmọdụ n'ozuzu site na UNESCO.

Mahadum Harvard bipụtara nyocha banyere WWF nke akpọrọ "Negotiating Toward the Paris Accords: WWF & the Role of Forests in the 2015 Climate Agreement":[12]

Ihe nnọchianya nke panda[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nnukwu panda aghọwo ihe nnọchianya nke WWF.

Nnukwu akara panda nke WWF sitere na panda aha ya bụ Chi Chi nke ebufere site na Zoo Beijing gaa Zoo London na 1958, afọ atọ tupu e guzobe WWF. N'ịbụ onye a ma ama dị ka naanị panda bi na mba ọdịda anyanwụ n'oge ahụ, njirimara anụ ahụ ya pụrụ iche nke a na-amata na ọkwa ya dị ka ụdị dị ize ndụ ka a na-ahụta dị ka ihe dị mma iji jeere mkpa nzukọ ahụ maka akara ngosi siri ike nke ga-emeri ihe mgbochi asụsụ niile. Nzukọ ahụ chọkwara anụmanụ nke ga-enwe mmetụta na mbipụta oji na ọcha. Ọ bụ Sir Peter Scott mere akara ngosi a site na eserese izizi nke Gerald Watterson, onye Scotland na-ahụ maka ihe okike.

E mere ka akara ngosi ahụ dị mfe ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo geometric na 1978, ma mee ka o doo anya na 1986, n'oge nzukọ ahụ gbanwere aha ya, na mbipute ọhụrụ ahụ gosipụtara ọdịdị ojii siri ike maka anya. N'afọ 2000, e mere mgbanwe na mkpụrụedemede eji eme ihe maka mbido "WWF" na logo.

Nhazi na ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ime iwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ogige okike, Oasis nke Stagni di Casale, nke WWF na-elekọta na Vicenza, Ịtali

Ọ bụ ndị otu a họpụtara maka afọ atọ na-eme iwu nke WWF. Otu ndị isi na-eduzi ma na-emepe atụmatụ WWF. E nwekwara Kansụl Mba nke na-eguzo dị ka otu ndụmọdụ na bọọdụ na otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọkachamara na nchekwa na-eme nchọpụta maka WWF.

Iwu mba na nke mba ụwa na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkọwa etu esi elekọta ebe obibi na ihe onwunwe ma jiri ya mee ihe. Iwu na ụkpụrụ na-aghọ otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ebute ụzọ n'ụwa niile.

Ndị WWF emegidela iwepụta mmanụ sitere na aja tar Canada wee gbasa ọkwa n'okwu a. N'agbata 2008 na 2010 WWF na otu Co-operative Group rụkọrọ ọrụ, nnukwu ọnụ ahịa ndị ahịa UK na-ebipụta akụkọ nke kwubiri na: (1) iji aja tar Canada mee ihe zuru oke ga-ezuru iji weta ihe ha kọwara dị ka. 'mgbanwe ihu igwe agbala ọsọ; (2) enweghị ike iji teknụzụ na-ejide carbon na nchekwa (CCS) iji belata ntọhapụ nke carbon dioxide n'ime ikuku na ọkwa dịka nke ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke mmepụta mmanụ; (3) ijeri $379 nke a na-atụ anya na a ga-emefu mmanụ site na aja tar nwere ike mefu nke ọma na nyocha na mmepe na teknụzụ ume ọhụrụ; na (4) mgbasawanye nke mmịpụta aja aja na-etinye nnukwu ihe iyi egwu na caribou na Alberta.

Nzukọ ahụ na-eme ka gọọmentị na ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ kwenye ma na-enyere aka ịnakwere, na-eme, na-ewusi ike na / ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe ụkpụrụ, ntuziaka na iwu ndị na-emetụta ụdị dị iche iche na ojiji nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike. Ọ na-emekwa ka nkwenye gọọmentị na / ma ọ bụ na-edebe mkpebi ha na ngwá ọrụ mba ụwa metụtara nchedo nke ụdị dị iche iche na ihe ndị sitere n'okike.[13][14]

N'afọ 2012, David Nussbaum, Chief Executive nke WWF-UK, kwuru okwu megide ụzọ e si eji gas shale eme ihe na UK, na-ekwu, sị: "... Gọọmentị ga-ekwughachi mkpebi ya iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe ma buru ụzọ mee ka ihe ọhụrụ na arụmọrụ ike. "[15]

Imekọ ihe ọnụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Le Cesine, ala mmiri dị n'Ịtali, nke WWF na-achịkwa kemgbe afọ 1979

Nzukọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ na-akpata mfu nke ụdị dị iche iche na ojiji na-adịghị adịgide adịgide nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike, gụnyere nchekwa ụdị, ego, omume azụmahịa, iwu, na nhọrọ oriri. Ọfịs mpaghara na-arụkwa ọrụ na nsogbu mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara.[16]

WWF na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ìgwè dị iche iche iji mezuo ebumnuche ya, gụnyere ndị NGO ndị ọzọ, gọọmentị, azụmaahịa, ụlọ akụ itinye ego, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị ọkụ azụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè. Ọ na-emekwa mkpọsa ọha na eze iji metụta ndị na-eme mkpebi, ma na-achọ ịkụziri ndị mmadụ otu esi ebi ndụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-agba ndị mmadụ ume inye ego iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị na-enye onyinye nwekwara ike ịhọrọ ịnata onyinye. [citation needed]

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, a kpọrọ WWF aha dị ka otu n'ime ndị mmekọ nke Prince William's Earthshot Prize, iji chọta ngwọta maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.[17]

N'ọnwa Machị 2021, WWF kwupụtara ndọtị nke mmekọrịta ha na H&M iji dozie usoro usoro nnyefe na-adịgide adịgide.[18]

Ndepụta nke ndị isi ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Yolanda Kakabadse, onye isi oche WWF site na 2010 ruo 2017
Afọ Aha ya[19] Mba
  1961-1976 Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld  Netherlands
  1976-1981 John Hugo Loudon  Netherlands
  1981-1996 Prince Philip, Duke nke Edinburgh  United Kingdom
  1996-1999 Syed Babar Ali  Pakistan
  2000-2000 Ihe ndị na-acha uhie uhie  Netherlands
  2000-2001 Sara Morrison  United Kingdom
  2001-2010 Onye isi Emeka Anyaoku  Nigeria
  2010-2017 Yolanda Kakabadse  Ecuador
  2018-2022 Pavan Sukhdev  India
  2023-dị ugbu a  Adil Najam[20]  Pakistan

Omume na mmemme ndị a ma ama[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbasa ozi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

  • Ịkwekọrịta Ụgwọ Maka Okike
  • Oge Ụwa
  • Ezigbo Onye toro
  • Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ụgbọ Mmiri

Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

WWF na-ebipụta Living Planet Index na mmekorita ya na Zoological Society of London. Tinyere ngụkọ akara ukwu nke gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-eji Index ewepụta akụkọ ndụ ndụ kwa afọ na-enye nkọwapụta mmetụta ọrụ mmadụ na-enwe n'ụwa. N'afọ 2019, WWF na Knorr jikọtara ọnụ na-ebipụta akụkọ 50 Foods ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-akọwapụta "Nri 50 maka ndị ahụike na mbara ala ahụike". Na 2018, WWF, TRAFFIC na IFAW weputara mmekorita iji kwụsị ịzụ ahịa anụ ọhịa n'ịntanetị na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ 21. Na 2017, akaụntụ Instagram, Sal Lavallo na Jessica Nabongo riri pangolin a na-ere ahịa, nke dị ize ndụ na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Gabon. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ dịghị ntaramahụhụ maka mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi maka imegbu ụmụ anụmanụ na nyiwe mgbasa ozi ọha.

Nzukọ ahụ na-ebipụta akụkọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ gbasara okwu ndị metụtara ọrụ ya, iji mee ka ndị mmadụ mara ma nye ndị na-eme mkpebi ozi.[21]

Nkwalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọtụtụ ọrụ nchekwa site na WWF na Ili-Balkhash na Kazakhstan
  • No One's Gonna Change Our World bụ abọm ọrụ ebere e wepụtara na 1969, maka abamuru nke WWF.[22]
  • Peter Rose na Anne Conlon bụ ndị na-ede ihe nkiri egwu, ndị a maara nke ọma maka egwu gburugburu ebe obibi ha maka ụmụaka, bụ ndị WWF-UK nyere iwu ka ha dee ọtụtụ egwu gburugburu ebe dị ka akụkụ nke atụmatụ agụmakwụkwọ.[23] David Attenborough kọrọ ụfọdụ n'ime ha, ma gbasaa ha na telivishọn n'ọtụtụ mba.
  • Ndị otu egwu Britain bụ S Club 7 bụ ndị nnọchi anya WWF-UK n'oge ha dị ka otu egwu (1999-2003).[24] Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị otu ahụ kwadoro anụmanụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, na 2000, gara ebe dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa nke anụmanụ ha họọrọ maka usoro ihe omume BBC nke asaa akpọrọ S Club 7 Go Wild.
  • Environmentally Sound: A Select Anthology of Songs Inspired by the Earth bụ abọm bara uru nke e wepụtara na 2006, maka WWF-Philippines, na-egosi ndị na-ese ihe gụnyere Up Dharma Down, Radioactive Sago Project, Kala, Johnny Alegre Affinity, Cynthia Alexander, na Joey Ayala.[25]
  • Na June 2012, WWF malitere ụlọ ahịa nbudata egwu n'ịntanetị na fairsharemusic nke 50% nke uru na-aga na ọrụ ebere.[26]
  • N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2015, Hailey Gardiner wepụtara EP ya, nke akpọrọ The Woods . N'ịsọpụrụ Ụbọchị Ụwa, a ga-enye WWF pasentị iri na ise nke ego a na-enweta maka ịzụta EP.[27]

Mmụta gburugburu ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Site na 1997 ruo 2007, ụlọ ọrụ WWF nke China mere atụmatụ ndị nkuzi gburugburu ebe obibi, nke zụrụ ọtụtụ puku ndị nkuzi, guzobe ebe ọzụzụ gburugburu ebe obibi na mahadum ndị nkuzi.[28] 

Arụmụka na esemokwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe omuma ARD na akwụkwọ PandaLeaks[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Igwe onyonyo ọha German ARD wesara akwụkwọ akụkọ na 22 June 2011 nke kwuru na ọ na-egosi ka WWF na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ dịka Monsanto, na-enye asambodo nkwado maka mgbanwe maka onyinye - n'ezie ịsa ahịhịa. WWF agọnarị ebubo a. Site n'ịgba ume njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi nwere mmetụta dị elu, mmemme ahụ na-ekwu na WWF na-enye aka na mbibi nke ebe obibi na ụdị ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-echebe ma na-emerụkwa ụmụ amaala ahụ.

Onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye nta akụkọ nyocha German Wilfried Huismann, WWF gbara akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na akwụkwọ Schwarzbuch WWF bipụtara na 2012, nke dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. N'okwu ikpe na-abụghị nke ụlọ ikpe, o kwetara iwepụ ma ọ bụ degharịa ụfọdụ ebubo. N'ikwu okwu n'aha WWF Germany, Marco Vollmar gosipụtara "[Huismann] na-ese onyinyo ụgha nke okwu ụgha, nkwutọ na ikwubiga okwu ókè, ma anyị ga-anabata nke ahụ dị ka nkwupụta echiche." (Asụgharị si na German mbụ: "ein Zerrbild aus falschen Aussagen, Diffamierungen und Übertreibungen, aber das werden wir als Meinungsäußerungen hinnehmen.")

Na 2014, Huismann bipụtara mbipụta edegharịrị nke akwụkwọ 2012 ya, nke akpọrọ Silence of the Pandas na mbụ. Mbipụta mbụ a ghọrọ onye na-ere ahịa kacha mma na Germany, mana amachibidoro ya na Britain ruo n'afọ 2014, mgbe ewepụtara ya n'okpuru aha PandaLeaks - Akụkụ gbara ọchịchịrị nke WWF, mgbe ọtụtụ iwu na iwu ụlọ ikpe gasịrị. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-akatọ WWF maka itinye aka na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka mbibi dị ukwuu nke gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka Coca-Cola, ma na-enye nkọwa banyere ịdị adị nke nzuzo 1001 Club, nke ndị òtù ya, Huismann na-ekwu, na-anọgide na-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma. mmetụta na ime amụma WWF. WWF agọọla ebubo eboro ya.

Njikọ ụlọ ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Onye na-eme mkpọsa bụ Corporate Watch boro WWF ebubo na ọ dị nso na azụmahịa iji mee mkpọsa nke ọma. WWF na-ekwu na ya na ụlọ ọrụ dịka Coca-Cola, Lafarge, Carlos Slim's na IKEA na-emekọ ihe ga-ebelata mmetụta ha na gburugburu ebe obibi. WWF natara € 56 nde (US $ 80 nde) site na ụlọ ọrụ na 2010 (mmụba 8% na nkwado sitere na ụlọ ọrụ tụnyere 2009), na-aza 11% nke mkpokọta ego maka afọ.

Maka afọ mmefu ego ha nke afọ 2019, WWF kọrọ na 4% nke ngụkọta ego ha na-enweta na-abịa site na ụlọ ọrụ.[29]

Mmetụta mmetọ nke ikike mmadụ site n'aka ndị agha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2017, akụkọ sitere na Survival International kwuru na ọ bụghị naanị na ndị agha WWF na-akwado na-emegbu ụmụ amaala Baka na Bayaka na Congo Basin, ndị "na-eche nsogbu na iti ihe, ịta ahụhụ na ọnwụ ihu", kamakwa ha na-arụrụ ọrụ ma na-enyere aka na mbibi nke ebe echekwara. Akụkọ ahụ boro WWF na ndị nche ya ebubo na ha na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-egbutu osisi na-arụkọ ọrụ, ebe ndị na-elekọta ọhịa leghaara netwọk ndị na-ere ahịa anụ ọhịa anya.[30]

N'afọ 2019, nyocha nke BuzzFeed News mere boro ebubo na ndị otu na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-akwado ndị otu ahụ na-etinye aka na oke oke ikike mmadụ megide ndị obodo, na nzukọ ahụ kpuchiri ihe omume ahụ wee mee ihe iji chebe ndị na-eme ihe ọjọọ n'aka ndị mmanye iwu. Ndị otu a bụ́ ndị ji ngwá agha na-azọrọ na ha na-ata ndị mmadụ ahụhụ, na-awakpo ha ma na-egbu ndị bi n’obodo ahụ n’ihi ebubo ụgha e boro ha. N'otu ihe atụ nke ndị nyocha BuzzFeed News chọtara, ndị ọrụ nchekwa ego WWF na-enwetara nwa nwoke dị afọ 11 tara ahụhụ n'ihu nne na nna ya; WWF leghaara mkpesa niile megide ndị nche. N'ihe ọzọ mere, onye nche nwara idina otu nwanyị Tharu ma, mgbe ọ guzogidere ya, were osisi achara wakpo ya ruo mgbe ọ tụfuru onwe ya. Mgbe ejidere onye nche ahụ, a rụgidere nwanyị ahụ ka ọ ghara ịka ebubo ebubo, nke mere ka onye nche ahụ nweere onwe ya. N'afọ 2010, ndị ọrụ nchekwa WWF kwadoro gburu otu nwata nwanyị dị afọ 12 nke na-achịkọta ogbugbo osisi na Bardiya National Park. Ndị ọrụ Park na WWF boro ebubo na ha gbochiri nyocha n'okwu ndị a, site na "ịgha ụgha na ibibi ihe akaebe, na-ekwu na ndị a tara ahụhụ bụ ndị na-achụ nta, na ịmanye ezinụlọ nke ndị ọ metụtara ka ha wepụ mkpesa mpụ".

N'ọnwa Julaị 2019, Buzzfeed kọrọ na akụkọ sitere na WWF boro ndị nche ebubo na ha na-eti ụmụ nwanyị ihe ma na-edina ha n'ike gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị dị ime mgbe ha na-ata ụmụ nwoke ahụhụ site na ijikọta ọnụ ha na eriri ịkụ azụ. A kwụsịrị nyocha ahụ mgbe ndị agha yiri ndị nchọpụta egwu ọnwụ. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta boro WWF ebubo ikpuchi mpụ ndị ahụ. N'iwepụta nkwupụta gọọmentị, WWF kwuru na emeghị akụkọ ahụ n'ihu ọha iji hụ na nchekwa nke ndị ahụ merụrụ ahụ nakwa na a kwụsịtụrụ ndị nche ma na-echere ikpe. Otú ọ dị, Buzzfeed boro WWF ebubo na ọ na-anwa igbochi akụkọ ahụ na kọmitii US na-enyocha mmebi ikike mmadụ site n'inye nsụgharị ndị e dezigharịrị nke ọma.[31][32]

Na Central African Republic, a kọrọ na ndị ọrụ WWF na-etinye aka na azụmahịa ngwá agha, ebe nzukọ ahụ kwụrụ ụgwọ maka égbè na mgbọ 15 Kalashnikov; mana akụkụ nke ego ahụ enweghị ihe ọ bụla ma o doro anya na ndị nnọchi anya ndị agha CAR na-ere ngwá agha ahụ ghọgburu ha.[33]

Kathmandu Post, nke ya na BuzzFeed News kwadoro na nyocha na Nepal, kwuru na enwere nrụgide siri ike na nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji tọhapụ ndị na-akwado WWF e jidere maka igbu ọchụ. Ha gbara ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ajụjụ ọnụ na-azọrọ na e kwere ha nkwa inye onyinye maka ịmanye ndị mmegbu ka ha wepụ ebubo megide ndị nche. Mgbe ndị obodo Tharu mere ngagharị iwe, ndị ọrụ WWF mere ngagharịiwe megide ndị a na-ebo ebubo ma jiri enyí ogige gbochie Prithvi Highway.[34]

Nnyocha nke Rainforest Foundation UK chọpụtara ihe akaebe nke mwakpo anụ ahụ na mmekọahụ zuru ebe niile site na 'eco-guards' nke Salonga National Park na Democratic Republic of Congo nke WWF kwadoro. Ihe ndị a gụnyere ikpe abụọ nke ndina n'ike, igbu ọchụ abụọ na-abụghị nke ikpe, na ọtụtụ akụkọ nke ịta ahụhụ na ụdị mmeso ọjọọ ndị ọzọ nke ndị nche ogige ahụ mere.[35]

N'ịzaghachi nyocha ahụ, WWF kwuru na ọ na-ewere ebubo ọ bụla n'ụzọ siri ike ma ga-amalite nyocha onwe ya n'ime ikpe ndị e welitere. Nzukọ ahụ kwuru na o nwere iwu siri ike iji hụ na ya na ndị mmekọ ya na-echebe ikike na ọdịmma nke ụmụ amaala na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na nyocha ahụ kpughere mmebi ọ bụla, ọ na-agba mbọ ime ihe ngwa ngwa.[36]

Ebubo ndị a bụ isi na mkpesa ụbọchị anọ nke ndị otu XR Youth Solidarity Network nke Extinction Rebellion mere na isi ụlọ ọrụ WWF-UK na Septemba 2021.[37]

Esemokwu banyere mmalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2000, World Wide Fund for Nature gbara World Wrestling Federation (nke a na-akpọ WWE ugbu a) akwụkwọ maka omume azụmahịa na-ezighị ezi. Ndị otu abụọ ahụ enwetala akara "WWF" kemgbe afọ 1979. Òtù nchekwa ahụ kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ ịgba mgba ahụ mebiri nkwekọrịta 1994 gbasara ojiji mba ụwa nke WWF.

N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2001, ụlọ ikpe UK kpebiri na ọ kwadoro World Wide Fund for Nature. World Wrestling Federation tinyere akwụkwọ mkpegharị ikpe n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001, mana ha mechara wepụ mkpegharị ha. Na 5 Mee 2002, World Wrestling Federation gbanwere adreesị weebụ ya site na WWF.com gaa na WWE.com, ma jiri "WWE" dochie anya "WWF" ọ bụla dị na saịtị ahụ, na-ekwupụta mgbanwe aha ha ka ọ bụrụ "World Wrestling Entertainment" otu ụbọchị ka e mesịrị na mkpọsa ahịa "Get the 'F' Out". Akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbanwekwara site na WWF gaa na WWE n'oge na-adịghị anya.

Nhapụ nke òtù ịgba mgba nke mmalite "WWF" emeghị ka esemokwu iwu nke òtù abụọ ahụ kwụsị. Ka e mesịrị na 2002, World Wide Fund for Nature rịọrọ ụlọ ikpe maka $ 360 nde na mmebi, mana enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Arịrịọ ọzọ nke World Wide Fund for Nature jụrụ site n'ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe nke Britain na 28 June 2007. N'afọ 2003, World Wrestling Entertainment meriri mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nyere ha ohere ịga n'ihu na-ere ngwaahịa ụfọdụ dịbu adị na akara ngosi WWF a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ. Otú ọ dị, e nyere WWE iwu ka ọ wepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ dị ka uwe, ihe omume, egwuregwu vidio, na DVD nwere akara "WWE". Tụkwasị na nke a, iwu ụlọ ikpe ahụ chọrọ ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụ ma ihe ndị a na-anụ ma ihe ndị anya na "WWF" n'ọbá akwụkwọ ya nke ihe nkiri vidio na mpụga United Kingdom.

Malite na 1,000th nke Raw na July 2012, akara ngosi WWF "scratch" anaghịzi enyocha na ihe nkiri nchekwa. Na mgbakwunye, a naghịzi enyocha mkpụrụedemede WWF mgbe a na-ekwu ya ma ọ bụ mgbe edere ya n'ụzọ doro anya na ihe ndekọ. Na mgbanwe, a naghịzi ekwe ka WWE jiri akara WWF ma ọ bụ akara ngosi na ihe ọhụrụ ọ bụla, ihe nkiri mbụ, nkwakọba, ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi, na akara ngosi ọ bụla nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ochie maka mmemme retro ugbu a na-eji mgbanwe nke akara ngosi WWF mbụ na-enweghị F.

Akụkọ banyere dolphin nke Osimiri Mekong[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na June 2009, Touch Seang Tana, onye isi oche nke Cambodia's Commission for Conservation and Development of the Mekong River Dolphins Eco-tourism Zone, kwuru na WWF egosiri ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ nke Mekong dolphin iji bulie nchịkọta ego.[38] Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na ọ bụ ọrịa nje bacteria kpatara ọnwụ ahụ nke ghọrọ ihe na-egbu egbu n'ihi mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na-egbochi usoro ahụike nke dolphin.[39] Ọ kpọrọ akụkọ ahụ na-abụghị nke sayensị ma na-emerụ gọọmentị Cambodia ma yie alaka ụlọ ọrụ Cambodia nke WWF egwu na a ga-akwụsị ya ọ gwụla ma ha zutere ya iji kwurịta ihe ọ na-ekwu.[40] Touch Seang Tana mechara kwuo na ọ gaghị ebubo maka inye ozi ụgha ma ọ gaghị eme mgbalị ọ bụla iji gbochie WWF ịga n'ihu na ọrụ ya na Cambodia, mana ọ dụrụ WWF ọdụ ka ọ kọwaa nchọpụta ya nke ọma ma nyochaa ya na kọmitii tupu ya ebipụta akụkọ ọzọ. Nkatọ nke izi ezi nke akụkọ na-akatọ ọrụ gọọmentị ma ọ bụ enweghị ọrụ, ebe a na-achọghị 'nkwenye' tupu mbipụta, bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Cambodia.[41]

Na Jenụwarị 2012, Touch Seang Tana bịanyere aka na "Kratie Declaration on the Conservation of the Mekong River Irrawaddy Dolphin" tinyere WWF na Cambodian Fisheries Administration, nkwekọrịta na-ejikọta ndị otu ahụ ka ha rụkọọ ọrụ ọnụ na "map" na-ekwu maka nchekwa dolphin na Osimiri Mekong.[42]

Ịza ajụjụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

The Charity Navigator nyere WWF akara kpakpando atọ n'ozuzu ya, akara ego kpakpando abụọ na ọkwa ịza ajụjụ na ngosipụta kpakpando anọ maka afọ mmefu ego nke afọ 2018.

Nchịkwa nke data CO2 sitere na ike nuklia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2009, na akụkọ akara nke ha dere na ikuku carbon na mba G8, WWF gosipụtara ikuku ikuku nke mba ndị na-eji ike nuklia dị ala na ngwakọta ha dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu karịa nke a gbakọrọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka France, WWF gosipụtara uru ụgha nke 362 gCO2eq / kWh nke karịrị 400% buru ibu karịa ikuku na France. WWF kọwara aghụghọ ahụ dị ka ndị a:[43][44]   A "gbanwekwa" kaadị akara maka Sweden n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ, ebe WWF jiri 212 gCO2eq / kWh dochie ikuku nke 47 gCO2 eq / kWh.[44]

Ntinye aka nke North Stream[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2011, Jochen Lamp, onye isi nke WWF Germany, bụkwa onye isi nke Conservation Foundation German Baltic, nke ụlọ ọrụ Nord Stream AG kwadoro na-ewu paịpụ gas na-ese okwu site na Russia gaa Germany. Ọ bụ ezie na WWF nke Lamp na-eduzi anọwo na-egbochi ọrụ ahụ site na iji ikpe ụlọ ikpe, Nord Stream ruru "nkwekọrịta na-abụghị nke ụlọ ikpe" na Foundation, nke Lamp na na-edukwa, na-agụnye nnyefe nke nde EUR 10, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị WWF wepụrụ ikpe ahụ.[45][46]

Arụmụka banyere itinye ego na ọtụtụ mmepe mmanụ ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nnyocha akụkọ nke NBC na Naomi Klein, na 2008 na 2013 n'otu n'otu, kpughere na WWF etinyela ego ma nweta uru site na nkwekọrịta itinye ego ọtụtụ nde dollar ọ tinyewo na mmepe mmanụ, gas, coal na tar sands ma ghara ịpụ na ndị a, iwepụ, mgbe ọ na-eche ihu mana gosipụtara na ọ ga-echere ruo 2020 iji mee ya, na ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ mmanụ ala ya, dịka njedebe mbụ agaghị aba uru nye ha. WWF anaghị emegide mmanụ ala kama ọ na-etinye aka n'ihe ọ na-akpọ "mmepe dị mma" nke mmanụ ala.[47]

Atụmatụ maka ire akara ndị na-abụghị nke a na-apụghị ịgụta ọnụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na Febụwarị 2022, WWF UK wepụtara atụmatụ ịnakọta ego site na ire NFTs (nkọwa ndị na-abụghị fungible).[48] NFT bụ otu data echekwara na blockchain. Ndị nkatọ na-ekwu na azụmahịa NFTs na-akpata mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi.[49][50]

Ndepụta dị ka "onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ" na "òtù a na-achọghị" na Russia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2023, n'oge mwakpo ndị Russia wakporo Ukraine n'afọ 2023, edepụtara WWF dị ka onye a na-akpọ onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ na Russia, maka ebubo na ọ nwara imetụta ndị ọchịchị Russia "n'okpuru ọdịdị nke ichebe okike na gburugburu ebe obibi". N'ihe dị ka ọnwa abụọ na ọkara ka e mesịrị, Prosecutor-General nke Russia họpụtara ya dị ka ihe a na-akpọ nzukọ a na-achọghị, na-eji ihe ndị yiri ya. Mkpebi a machibidoro otu ahụ ịrụ ọrụ na mba ahụ.

Òtù mpaghara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

WWF-Australia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

E guzobere ogwe aka Australia nke WWF na 29 June 1978 na ụlọ ọrụ ochie dị na Sydney, nwere ndị ọrụ atọ na mmefu ego nke ihe dị ka A $ 80,000 maka afọ mbụ, nke gụnyere onyinye A $ 50,000 site na Gọọmentị Commonwealth na onyinye A $ 20,500 ọzọ na onyinye ụlọ ọrụ. As of 2020, WWF-Australia bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nke mba ahụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ na Australia niile yana mpaghara Oceania sara mbara.[51] N'agbata afọ 2015 na 2019 WWF-Australia kọrọ na ọ na-enweta $ 28.74 nde kwa afọ. N'afọ 2020, WWF-Australia kọrọ na ngụkọta ego karịrị $ 80 nde sitere na mmeghachi omume zuru ụwa ọnụ na mpaghara maka ọkụ ọhịa Australia.[52]

N'afọ 1990, WWF-Australia guzobere National Threatened Species Network (TSN) na gọọmentị etiti, nke nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ruo n'afọ 2009. N'afọ 1999, o sonyere n'ịmepụta Iwu Nchedo Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Nchekwa Ụdị Ihe Dị Ndụ, n'oge ahụ, iwu nchedo ụdị dị iche iche kachasị n'ụwa. N'afọ 2003/4 nzukọ ahụ keere òkè n'ime ka gọọmentị bulie ọkwa nchebe maka Great Barrier Reef na Ningaloo Reef, ma kemgbe ahụ, ọ sonyere ma ọ bụ jikwaa ọtụtụ mmemme nchekwa, dị ka iweghachi ndị na-acha oji na Kalbarri National Park na Western Australia.[51]

Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na Argentina, Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina na-anọchite anya WWF, otu nzukọ nwere onwe ya nke bụkwa akụkụ nke netwọk ahụ.

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  

Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 History | WWF. World Wildlife Fund. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved on 22 January 2019.
  2. ↑ PANDA-ING TO THE SOYA BARONS?. Corporate Watch (30 September 2009). Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved on 9 December 2009.
  3. ↑ Fred Pearce. "Ikea – you can't build a green reputation with a flatpack DIY manual", Guardian UK, 2 April 2009. Retrieved on 9 December 2009.
  4. ↑ Green Violence: 'Eco-Guards' Are Abusing Indigenous Groups in Africa. Yale E360. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved on 7 July 2020.
  5. ↑ F20 – For a transformation that leaves no one behind – F20 – For a transformation that leaves no one behind. Archived from the original on 18 November 2020. Retrieved on 18 November 2020.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 History – WWF. World Wildlife Fund. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved on 27 March 2015.
  7. ↑ Eichhorn (1963). Implications of Rising Carbon Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere: A statement of trends and implications of carbon dioxide research reviewed at a conference of scientists. New York: The Conservation Foundation. Retrieved on 27 March 2015. 
  8. ↑ Obituary: HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands. The Telegraph (4 December 2004). Archived from the original on 8 November 2008. Retrieved on 30 November 2017.
  9. ↑ WWF in the 80's. WWF. Archived from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved on 13 January 2019.
  10. ↑ About global ecoregions. World Wide Fund for Nature. Archived from the original on 22 April 2010. Retrieved on 19 August 2012.
  11. ↑ The Conservation Foundation. theconservationfoundation.org. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved on 27 March 2015.
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  19. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named presidents
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