Hassaniya Arabic
Hassaniya Arabic (Templeeti:Lang-ar; nakwa mara dị ka Templeeti:Transl, Templeeti:Transl, Templeeti:Transl, Templeeti:Transl, na Maure) bụ ụdị Arabic Maghrebi dị iche iche nke ndị Arab Mauritania na ndị Sahrawi na-asụ. Ọ bụ Beni Ḥassān kwuru ya Bedouin ebo nke Yemen si malite ndị gbatịrị ikike ha n'elu ọtụtụ nke Mauritania na Morocco's ebo sitere na Yemeni bụ ndị gbatịpụrụ ikike ha n'ọtụtụ nke Mauritania na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Western Sahara n'etiti narị afọ nke 15 na 17. Hassaniya Arabic bụ asụsụ ebo sitere na Yemeni bụ ndị .
Asụsụ a anọchiwo Asụsụ Berber nke a na-asụ na mpaghara a. Ọ bụ ezie na o doro anya na ọ bụ olumba ọdịda anyanwụ, Hassānīya dịtụ anya site na ụdị Maghrebi ndị ọzọ nke Arabic. Ebe ọ dị mere ka ọ ghara inwe mmetụta sitere na Zenaga-Berber na Wolof. E nwere ọtụtụ olumba nke Hassaniya, nke dị iche na ụdaume. [1] ka nwere akara nke South Arabian na Hassaniya Arabic nke a na-asụ n'etiti Rio de Oro na Timbuktu, dị ka G. S. Colin si kwuo. Taa, a na-asụ Hassaniya Arabic na Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal na Western Sahara.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Usoro ụdaume nke Hassānīya na-egosipụta ma ihe ọhụrụ na ihe nchedo. A na-anọchite anya ụdaume niile nke Classical Arabic n'asụsụ ahụ, mana enwere ọtụtụ ụdaume ọhụrụ. Dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Bedouin, Classical /q/ kwekọrọ na dialectal /ɡ/; /dń/ na /ð/ agbakọtawo na /ð /; a chekwaala interdentals /θ/ na /đ/. A na-ahụ mkpụrụedemede ج /d͡ʒ/ dị ka /ʒ/.
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Vowel phonemes na-abịa n'usoro abụọ: ogologo na mkpirikpi. Mkpụrụedemede ogologo bụ otu ihe ahụ dị na Classical Arabic /aː iː uː/, ndị dị mkpirikpi na-agbatị nke a site na otu: /a i u ə/. Enwere ike ịghọta diphthongs /aj/ na /aw/ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche, ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ [eːʲ] na [oːʷ], n'otu n'otu. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nghọta dị ka [aj] na [aw] yana [eː] na [oː] ga-ekwe omume, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị.
Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Maghrebi Arabic, a na-ahapụkarị ụdaume dị mkpirikpi na mkpụrụedemede mepere emepe (ma e wezụga aha nwanyị na-agwụ */ka.tab/-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"/-a/"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAZM" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/-a/ < /-ah/): */tak.tu.biː/ > /tə.ktbi/ 'ị (f. sg.) dee', */ka.ta.ba/ > */ka-tab/ > / Jokerb/ 'ọ dere'. N'ime mkpụrụedemede ndị fọdụrụnụ /a/ na-adaba na /a/ nke oge ochie, ebe /i/ na /u/ jikọtara na /ə/. Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, /j/ na-anọchite anya [i] na /w/ site na [u] na ọnọdụ okwu mbụ tupu ụdaume: /u.ɡəft/ 'M guzoro n'elu' (mgbọrọgwụ w-g-f; cf. / refubt/ 'M dere', mgbọrọgwụ k-t-b), /i.naɡ.ɡaz/ 'ọ na-agbadata' (ihe mbido i-; cf. /jə. jumpingb/ 'ọ bụ ihe mbido jə-). N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ụdaume mbụ a na-adịkwu ogologo, nke na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya ọnọdụ ụdaume ya: /uːɡ.vu/ 'ha guzoro ọtọ'. Na mgbakwunye,/a i/ na-ahụ ụdaume dị mkpirikpi /a i/ na mkpụrụedemede mepere emepe na okwu ndị a gbazitere na Berber, dị ka /a.raː.ɡaːʒ/ 'nwoke', /i.vuː.kaːn/ 'nwa ehi nke 1 ruo 2 afọ', na /u/ na nhazi na-agaghị agafe agafe: /u.ɡaː.bəl/ 'a zutere ya' (cf. /ɡaː.kəl/ 'ọ zutere').
Mgbanwe koodu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta Hassaniya Arabic na-agbakwa koodu mgbanwe. Na Western Sahara ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka mgbanwe koodu n'etiti Hassaniya Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, na Spanish, dịka Spain na-achịkwa mpaghara a; na ala ndị ọzọ na-asụ Hassaniya, French bụ asụsụ ọzọ a na-asụrụ.
Orthography
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-ejikarị mkpụrụedemede Arabic dee Hassaniya Arabic. Otú ọ dị, na Senegal, gọọmentị ejirila mkpụrụedemede Latin dee asụsụ ahụ, dịka iwu 2005-980 nke October 21, 2005 si kwuo. [2]
| Hassaniya Arabic alphabet (Senegal) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | Ḍ | E | Mụ onwe onye | F | G | H | Ḥ | M | J | K | L | M | N | Ñ | O | Q | R | S | Ṣ | Ŝ | T | Ṭ | Ọdịdị | U | V | W | X | Ọdịdị | Y | Z | Ż | Ẓ | ʔ |
| a | b | c | d | ḍ | na | ë | f | g | h | ḥ | i | j | k | l | m | n | ñ | o | q | r | s | ṣ | Isi okwu | t | ṭ | N'ezie | u | v | w | x | Ọdịdị | na | z | ż | ka ọ dị | ʼ |
Ndị ọkà okwu nkesa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, e nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ atọ na-asụ asụsụ Hassaniya, nke e kesara dị ka ndị a:
- Mauritania: 2,770,000 (2006)
- Western Sahara na mpaghara ndịda nke Morocco, nke a maara dị ka Mpaghara Tekna: 200,000+ (1995)
- Mali: 175,800 - 210,000 (2000)
- Senegal: 162,000 (2015)
- Algeria: 150,000 (1985)
- Libya: 40,000 (1985)
- Niger: 10,000 (1998)
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ụdị Arabic dị iche iche
- Asụsụ Nemadi
- Ndị Imraguen
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Norris (1962). "Yemenis in the Western Sahara". The Journal of African History 3 (2): 317–322. ISSN 0021-8537.
- ↑ Decret n° 2005-980 du 21 octobre 2005. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved on 2021-12-10.
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- Cohen, David (1963). Le dialecte arabe Templeeti:Transl de Mauritanie (parler de la Gəbla). Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck. ISBN 2-252-00150-X.
- "Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: Linguistics; vol. 52 (1969), peeji nke 15 / 1969
- "Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: Studies in linguistics; vol. 19 (1968), afl. 1 (mrt), peeji nke 1 19 / 1968
- "Hassaniya Arabic (Mali): Poetic and Ethnographic Texts", Heath, Jeffrey; Kaye, Alan S. / In: Journal of Near Eastern studies; vol. 65 (2006), afl. 3, peeji nke 218 (1) / 2006
- Hassaniya Arabic (Mali): ederede uri na ethnographic , Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2003
- Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) - Bekee - French dictionary, Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2004
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2006. Ḥassāniya Arabic. Na Kees Versteegh (ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 240-250. Leiden: E.~J.~Ọ na-egbuke egbuke.