Josephine Baker
Josephine Baker | |
|---|---|
 Baker in 1940 | |
| Born | Freda Josephine McDonald 03 Juunu 1906 |
| Died | Eprelụ 12, 1975 (aged 68) Paris, France |
| Resting place | Monaco Cemetery |
| Nationality | American (renounced) French (1937–1975) |
| Occupation | Vedette, singer, dancer, actress, civil rights activist, French Resistance agent |
| Years active | 1921–1975 |
| Spouse(s) | Àtụ:Plain list |
| Partner(s) | Robert Brady (1973–1975) |
| Children | 12; Jean-Claude Baker presented himself as her foster son (contested by the Baker children[1][2]) |
| Àtụ:Infobox musical artist | |
| Signature | |
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| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika, France |
| Aha ọmụmụ | Freda Josephine McDonald, Frida Jozefina Makdonald |
| Aha enyere | Josephine, Freda |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | McDonald, Wells, Baker |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 3 Jụn 1906 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | St. Louis |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 12 Eprel 1975 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Paris |
| Ụdị ọnwụ | eke na-akpata |
| ihe kpatara ọnwụ | cerebral hemorrhage |
| Ebe olili | Monaco Cemetery, Panthéon |
| Dị/nwunye | Jo Bouillon |
| nwa | Akio Bouillon |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | French language, Bekee |
| Asụsụ ọ na-ede | Bekee |
| oge ọrụ ya (mmalite) | 1921 |
| Oge ọrụ ya (njedebe) | 1975 |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
| okpukpere chi/echiche ụwa | Catholicism |
| ọkwa agha | second lieutenant |
| conflict | World War II |
| ngalaba agha | air force |
| ngwa egwu | olu egwụ |
| Ọrụ ama ama | Les mémoires de Joséphine Baker |
| Archive na | Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Defence Historical Service |
| Ije | Harlem Renaissance |
| Onye òtù nke | freemasonry |
| onye nwe | Josephine Baker collection |
| ụdị | cabaret, music hall, French pop |
| akara ndekọ | Columbia Records, RCA Records, Mercury Records, Odeon, EMI |
| Ihe nrite | Knight of the Legion of Honour, Croix de guerre 1939–1945, Médaille de la Résistance, Commemorative medal for voluntary service in Free France, Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1939–1945 |
| time period | 20th century |
| webụsaịtị | http://www.cmgww.com/stars/baker/ |
| gosiputara ya | Joséphine Baker IV, Figure of Josephine Baker (St 297) |
| akwụkwọ faịlụ na | SAPA Foundation, Swiss Archive of the Performing Arts |
| dance style | erotic dancing |
Freda Josephine Baker ( née McDonald ; June 3, 1906 – Eprel 12, 1975), emepụtara dị ka Joséphine Baker, bụ onye France na-agba egwu, onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọrụ ya gbadoro ụkwụ na Europe, ọkachasị na France. Ọ bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ mere ihe nkiri na nnukwu ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri silent 1927 Siren of the Tropics, nke Mario Nalpas duziri. na Henri Étiévant[3]
Ndị na-ese ihe na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke oge ahụ mere Baker, bụ ndị kpọrọ ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche "Black Venus", "Black Pearl", "Bronze Venus", na "Creole Goddess". [4] Amụrụ na St. Louis, Missouri, ọ hapụrụ ịbụ nwa amaala US wee bụrụ nwa amaala France ka ya na onye nrụpụta ụlọ ọrụ France bụ Jean Lion lụchara na 1937. [5] Ọ zụrụ ụmụ ya na France.
Baker nyeere ndị Nguzogide France aka n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ . [6] Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Kọmitii Ntọhapụ nke France, Croix de Guerre nyere ya Nrite Nguzogide. site n'aka ndị agha France, ma aha ya bụ Chevalier of the Legion of Honor site n'aka General Charles de Gaulle . [7] Baker bụrụ abụ: "Enwere m ịhụnanya abụọ: obodo m na Paris." [8]
Baker, onye jụrụ ime ihe nkiri maka ndị na-ege ntị kewapụrụ na United States, bụ nke ekwuru maka ntinye aka ya na ngagharị ikike obodo . N'afọ 1968, Coretta Scott King nyere ya onye ndu na-akwadoghị na mmegharị ahụ na United States, na-esochi ogbugbu Martin Luther King Jr. . Mgbe o chebachara ya echiche, Baker jụrụ ihe ahụ n'ihi nchegbu o nwere maka ọdịmma ụmụ ya. [9] [10] [11]
Na Nọvemba 30, 2021, a kpọbatara ya na Panthéon na Paris, nwanyị ojii mbụ nwetara otu n'ime nsọpụrụ kachasị elu na France. [12] Ka ebe izu ike ya dị na ebe a na-eli ozu Monaco, etinyere cenotaph na vault 13 nke crypt na Panthéon. [13]
Ndụ mbido[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A mụrụ Josephine Baker Freda Josephine McDonald na St. Louis, Missouri . [9] [14] [15] A maghị usoro ọmụmụ Baker — nne ya, Carrie, nabatara na Little Rock, Arkansas na 1886 site n'aka Richard na Elvira McDonald, ha abụọ bụbu ndị ohu nke Africa na American American . [9] Ala Baker na-akọwapụta onye na-akụ vaudeville Eddie Carson dị ka nna ya n'agbanyeghị ihe akaebe megidere ya. [16] Na 1993, nwa nkuchi Josephine Baker bụ Jean-Claude Baker bipụtara akụkọ ndụ aha ya bụ Josephine: Obi agụụ na-agụ, nke bụ njedebe nke ọtụtụ iri afọ nke nyocha siri ike banyere ndụ Baker na ọrụ. N'akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ tụlere ogologo oge ọnọdụ ndị metụtara ọmụmụ Baker: Nne ya lụrụ Arthur Martin, "nwoke nwere obiọma ma na-enweghị ọrụ", onye ya na ya nwere nwa nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ọzọ. [17] Ọ na-eji akwa akwa iji kpata ihe oriri, na, mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, Josephine malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ebe obibi maka ezinụlọ ndị ọcha na St. Louis. [18] Otu nwanyị megburu ya, kpọọ Josephine aka mgbe nwa agbọghọ ahụ tinyere ncha nke ukwuu n'ebe a na-asa ákwà. [19]
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ "Jean-Claude Rouzaud s'est éteint, pas Jean-Claude Bouillon-Baker", Le bien public, 2015-01-22.
- ↑ Dumas, Thierry. "'Je lui dois bien plus que ça'", Sud ouest, 2012-03-24.
- ↑ Atwood (2011). Women Heroes of World War II. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-55652-961-0.
- ↑ Anderson. Highlighting Black + LGBT Pioneers: Josephine Baker. Believe Out Loud. Archived from the original on February 11, 2023. Retrieved on 2023-02-11.
- ↑ Kelleher (26 March 2010). She'll Always Have Paris. Jezebel. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved on 13 October 2016.
- ↑ Bostock (2002). "Collective Mental State and Individual Agency: Qualitative Factors in Social Science Explanation". Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung 3 (3). ISSN 1438-5627. Retrieved on 20 September 2009.
- ↑ Roberts. "Remembering Josephine Baker", Philadelphia Tribune, April 8, 2011.
- ↑ Josephine Baker: The life of an artist and activist. Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved on 3 June 2017.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Baker (1993). Josephine: The Hungry Heart, First, Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-40915-1. Baker, Jean-Claude (1993). Josephine: The Hungry Heart (First ed.). Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-40915-1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "jeanclaude2a" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Bouillon (1977). Josephine, First, Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-010212-8.
- ↑ sur France Culture, radio), in french. Archived from the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved on August 12, 2022.
- ↑ Chrisafis. "Josephine Baker, music hall star and civil rights activist, enters Panthéon", The Guardian, 30 November 2021. Retrieved on 30 November 2021. (in en)
- ↑ Joséphine Baker au Panthéon : retrouvez l'intégralité de la cérémonie (fr). Le Monde (30 November 2021). Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved on 30 November 2021.
- ↑ Josephine Baker (Freda McDonald) Native of St. Louis, Missouri. Black Missouri (10 February 2008). Retrieved on 6 March 2009.
- ↑ About Art Deco – Josephine Baker. Victoria and Albert Museum (2015-07-29). Retrieved on 6 March 2009.
- ↑ About Josephine Baker: Biography. Official site of Josephine Baker (2008). Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved on 2009-01-12.
- ↑ 1920 United States Federal Census
- ↑ Whitaker (2011). Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries.
- ↑ (1987) "The Rise and Fall of Josephine Baker". Dollars & Sense 13.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ntọhapụ nke France, Croix de Guerre nyere ya Nrite Nguzogide. site n'aka ndị agha France, ma aha ya bụ Chevalier of the Legion of