Mafa languages

A na-asụ asụsụ BiuńMandara ma ọ bụ nke etiti Chadic nke ezinụlọ Afro-Asia di naNaịjirịa, Chad ya na Cameroon.

Gravina atụwo aro iwughachi Andi Proto-nke do etiti Chadic (2014).^[1]

Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Gravina (2014)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Gravina (2014) gunyere etiti Chadic dị ka ndị a, dị ka akụkụ nke nrụzigharị nke asụsụ Andi proto. Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ na nọmba nke dị n'ime oghere kwekọrọ na alaka dị na ngunye ndị gara aga. nnukwu mgbanwe kachasị ukwuu bụ ịtọsa ma weghachite asụsụ nke alaka Mafa ochie (A.5) na Mandage (Kotoko) (B.1).^[2]

Ndịda
- Ndịda^[3]
  - Bata (A.8)
    - Bata kwesịrị ekwesị: Bacama, Bata, Fali, Gude, Gudu, Holma (†), Jimi, Ngwaba (site na A.1 Tera), Nzanyi, Sharwa
    - Tsuvan: Tsuvan, Zizilivakan
  - Daba (A.7)
    - Daba kwesịrị ekwesị: Daba, Mazagway Hidi
    - Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ala: Mina, Mbudum
    - Buwal: Buwal, Gavar
  - Mafa (= South A.5 Mafa (d)): Mafa, Mefele, Cuvok
  - Tera (A.1):
    - Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Tera: Boga, Ga'anda, Hwana
    - (Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Tera): Jara, Tera
  - Sukur (A.6)
Hurza
- Hurza (site na A.5 Mafa): Vame, Mbuko
Ebe Ugwu
- Margiz Mandara
  - Margi (A.2)
    - Bura: Bura, Cibak, Putai, Nggwahyi
    - Margi Eziokwu: Kilba, Margi South, Margi
  - Mandara (A.4):
    - Wandala: Mandara (Malgwa), Glavda
    - Dghwede: Cineni, Dghwede, Guduf, Gava, Gvoko
    - Podoko: Podoko, Matal (site na A.5 Mafa)
  - Mofu (akụkụ nke South A.5 Mafa)
    - Tokombere: Ouldeme, Mada, Muyang, Molokwo
    - Meri: Zulgo, Gemzek, Merey, Dugwor
    - Mofu ziri ezi: Mofu North, Mofu-Gudur
- Maroua
  - Maroua (akụkụ nke South A.5 Mafa (c)): Giziga North, Giziga South, Mbazla
- Lamang
  - Lamang (West A.4 Wandala): Lamang, Hdi, Mabas
- Higi
  - Higi (A.3): Bana, Hya, Psikyɛ, Kamwe, Kirya-Konzel
- Musgum N'ebe ugwu Kotoko
  - Àgwàetiti Kotoko: Buduma
  - Kotoko North: Mpade, Afaɗə, Malgbe, Maltam
  - Musgum (B.2): Musgum, Mbara, Muskum (†)
- Ebe Ogige Kotoko
  - Ebe etiti Kotoko: Lagwan, Mser
- Ndịda Kotoko
  - Kotoko South: Zina, Mazera
- Ịda mbà

↑ Gravina, Richard. 2014. Proto-Central Chadic Lexicon. Webonary.
↑ Gravina, R. (2014). The phonology of Proto-Central Chadic: the reconstruction of the phonology and lexicon of Proto-Central Chadic, and the linguistic history of the Central Chadic languages (Doctoral dissertation, LOT: Utrecht).
↑ Languages are closer to each other than are those of the northern branch

[1] Gravina, Richard. 2014. Proto-Central Chadic Lexicon. Webonary.

[2] Gravina, R. (2014). The phonology of Proto-Central Chadic: the reconstruction of the phonology and lexicon of Proto-Central Chadic, and the linguistic history of the Central Chadic languages (Doctoral dissertation, LOT: Utrecht).

[3] Languages are closer to each other than are those of the northern branch

[1]

[2]

[3]