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Mahmoud Riad (onye na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ)

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Mahmoud Riad (onye na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ)
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ụdịekerenwoke Dezie

Mahmoud Riad (kpọkwara Mahmud Ryad, Arabic ‎ 1905–1979 [1] ) bụ onye Egypt na -ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, onye na-eme atụmatụ obodo, na onye na-eme amụma ụlọ . N'ime ọrụ afọ iri anọ, Riad haziri ma wuo ọtụtụ ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi na New York, Cairo, Alexandria na Kuwait, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka "ihe ntọala na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na ụlọ ndị Ijipt," [2] na otu n'ime ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ Egypt 'ọsụ ụzọ' . [3] Ọ na-ejide ọkwa gọọmentị na ngalaba ụlọ na nhazi, ma guzobe ụlọ ọrụ mbụ nke gọọmentị Egypt maka ụlọ, Ngalaba Ụlọ ndị a ma ama . [4]

Agụmakwụkwọ na mmụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mahmoud Riad gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba ihe owuwu nke Mahadum Cairo na 1927 wee gaa n'ihu nweta akara ugo mmụta B.Arch na Mahadum Liverpool na 1931, ebe nwa akwụkwọ ya 5th year thesis design for a "Combined Bus and Railway Terminal Station for Alexandria (Egypt)" hụrụ ka o ji ụgwọ dị ukwuu na ọzụzụ Beaux Art ya na Liverpool na ntakịrị ihe ọdịnala obodo ya nke Middle-Eastern. [5] Riad nwetara diplọma ya na mmepe obodo n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na 1933.

N'oge ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na 1930, ya na Shreve, Lamb na Harmon rụkọrọ ọrụ na ihe ngosi Manhattan ha, Ụlọ Ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu na 500 Fifth Avenue . [2]

Onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye nrụpụta obodo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Madinat al-Awqaf (taa Mohandessin) Masterplan, nke Riad mere mgbe onye isi ngalaba ihe owuwu nke Ministry of Awqaf na 1948.

Riad tọrọ ntọala ya, Riad Architects, na Cairo na 1934. Otú ọ dị, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo a họpụtara ya n'ọkwa gọọmenti dị ka onye mmepụta na nhazi, na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ọ rụrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na nke ọha na eze.

Riad ghọrọ onye isi na ngalaba Architecture na Engineering na Ministry of Religious Endowments na 1939, ebe na 1948 o haziri Madinat al-Awqaf na nnukwu ala nke ozi nwere na Cairo's west bank na Giza. [1] A maara mpaghara ahụ taa dị ka Mohandessin .

Nile Hilton na Cairo corniche na 1962, otu n'ime ụlọ atọ Riad haziri (nke a na Welton Becket) n'akụkụ osimiri.

N'afọ 1954, a họpụtara Riad ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke obodo Cairo emepụtara ọhụrụ, otu njikwa nke jikọtara ya na gọvanọ obodo ahụ . N'ebe ahụ, ọ haziri ihu Cairo mgbe nnwere onwe nke ọgbara ọhụrụ: na-eme atụmatụ facade nke obodo Nile na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ogige ndị Britain nke Qasr al-Nil, na ịmepụta ụlọ gị nke jikọtara ya: Isi ụlọ ọrụ Arab League, na Cairo Municipality. Owuwu (E mechara jiri ya dị ka Arab Socialist Union 's, na onye nọchiri ya, isi ụlọ ọrụ National Democratic Party ), yana ụlọ oriri na nkwari akụ Nile Hilton (ugbu a Nile Ritz-Carlton) na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ US Welton Becket . [2]

Onye na-eme iwu ụlọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na 1945, Mahmoud Riad dere akwụkwọ amụma maka ịnye ụlọ dị ọnụ ala na Majalat al-Imara, na-akọwa otú nsogbu ụlọ si bụrụ "isi nsogbu mba nke kwesịrị ịdọrọ ọdụ ọdụm anya ngwa ngwa iji hụ na mmepe nke ndị mmadụ." [6] Edemede Riad tụlere atumatu ụlọ n'ọtụtụ mba ọdịda anyanwụ Europe, na-ewepụta amụma ọchịchị onye kwuo uche nke interwar socialist nke Austria nke Red Vienna maka ịbụ onye kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'inye ụlọ dị ọnụ ala, ma na-atụ aro amụma ndị yiri ya na Egypt.

Ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ amụma ya etinyere n'ime afọ ole na ole n'ime ụlọ mbụ buru ibu ọha na eze na Imbaba, nke Ali Al-Maligi Massa'ud mere na nke mebiri ala na 1947, ebe usoro nchịkwa mgbazinye kwadoro n'afọ ahụ dọtara ụfọdụ n'ime ha. echiche ya, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-aga n'ihu na atụmatụ ya maka ụtụ ụlọ na-aga n'ihu anabataghị. [4]

1947 hụkwara Riad nyere ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na obodo Delta nke Kafr al-Dawwar nyere ikike inye atụmatụ maka ụlọ ndị ọrụ ha, nke o wetara, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nke ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụlọ ndị yiri ya. Ihe ịga nke ọma ya mgbe ọ ka bụ onye isi na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Ministry of Awqaf, mere ka Ministry of Social Affairs jụọ ya, yana onye isi ha na ngalaba Fellah (ndị ọrụ ugbo), Dr. Ahmed Hussein (nke a kwadoro na ịtọlite ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ime obodo), na kwadebe ọmụmụ iji nye ezinụlọ ndị na-enweghị ego ụlọ na-enyocha mkpa afọ iri na ọkwa mba. [7] Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, nyocha ha siri ike, Mashru'a li-tawfir Al-sakan lil-tabaqat Al-mahduda Al-dakhl fi misr (The Project to Provide Housing to Limited Income Classes in Egypt) mere atụmatụ na a chọrọ ụlọ obibi 140,000 ka ọ dị. wuru kwa afọ, na ọnụego 40,000 n'ime obodo na 100,000 n'ime ime obodo, na-achọpụta na gọọmentị bụ naanị onye ọrụ nwere ikike ịme mmemme dị otú ahụ. [7]

N'iji ọmụmụ ihe ahụ kpọrọ ihe, Ministry of Social Affairs tọrọ ntọala Department of Popular Homes na 1950, ụlọ ọrụ mbụ dị elu nke Egypt maka ụlọ, ma họpụta Riad dị ka onye isi nchịkwa ya, na-enye ya ikike ọchịchị iji lekọta ọrụ ndị a chọrọ. [4] Ụlọ ewu ewu nke Sharikat al-Ta'mir wal-masakin al-sha'biya nwere steeti wuru n'ime afọ 1950 ka a ga-ewukwasị n'echiche nke ya na Massau'd.

Ihe nrite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • 1977 - Richard Roth Jr., AIA, RIBA, nke Emery Roth & Sons PC họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye ibe na American Institute of Architects, FAIA. [8]

Ọrụ ahọpụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Edemede[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Alexandria: Mmepe atụmatụ obodo ya. Nyochaa atụmatụ obodo, Vol. 15, Nke 4 (Dec., 1933), p. 233–248 . [Dabere na Tesis nke Mr. M. Riad kwadoro Diploma na Civic Design, Mahadum Liverpool.]
  • Tahdid Al-manatiq Al-sana'iyya wa incha' masakin Al-'ummal (The eke nke Industrial Areas na-ewu ọrụ ụlọ). "Majallat al-Imarah 5, nọmba 2 & 3 (1945): 13-18.
  • Masakin Al-'ummal (Ụlọ ndị ọrụ), Majillat Al-muhandisin. Nọvemba 1947.
  • - Mụ na Ahmed Hussein. Mashru'a li-tawfir Al-sakan lil-tabaqat Al-mahduda Al-dakhl fi misr (The Project to Give Housing to Limited Income Classes in Egypt). Ministry of Social Affairs. Cairo, 1949.

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ndepụta nke ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ Egypt

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Volait (2022). Early experiments with subsidised housing: Mahmoud Riad’s garden suburbs 1950-54 (in en). Jovis. ISBN 978-3-86859-723-3. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cairobserver — Mahmoud Riad: Architect and Planner For The Modern.... cairobserver.com. Retrieved on 2023-01-06.
  3. ↑ Ashour (2017-01-01). An Overview of Pioneer Egyptian Architects during the Liberal Era(1919-1952). 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Shawkat (2020). Egypt's Housing Crisis: The Shaping of Urban Space. Cairo and New York: AUC Press, 10–11. 
  5. ↑ Mahmoud Riad - School of Architecture - University of Liverpool. www.liverpool.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2023-01-06. Retrieved on 2023-01-06.
  6. ↑ Riad (1945). The Allocation of Industrial Areas and Constructing Worker Housing (Ar). archnet.org. Majallat al-Imarah. Retrieved on 2023-01-11.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
  8. ↑ Riad Architecture Generation 01 Overview (en). Riad Architecture. Retrieved on 2023-01-11.

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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