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Oké ọkọchị na Naịjirịa

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Oké ọkọchị na Naịjirịa

Oké ọkọchị na-adịte aka na Naịjirịa emeela ka ọ bụrụ ọzara na ụkọ ala maka ịzụ ehi na ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ.[1] Iji nweta ala maka ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ịta nri, a na-agba ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ atụrụ ume ịga ebe ọhụrụ, nke na-eduga na ime ihe ike ugboro ugboro [2] [3] Ndị na-azụ anụ na ndị ọrụ ugpo etinyela aka na ọgụ na-arịwanye elu n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga.[4][5][6] Ihe karịrị mmadụ puku abụọ tụfuru ndụ ha n'afọ 2018. [7][8] Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị bi n'obodo nta ndị dị na Plateau Steeti nke Naịjirịa achọghị ịpụ n'ihi na ha na-ewere mpaghara ahụ dị ka ebe obibi ha.[9] Mgbe a na-ere obodo ọkụ, a na-emepụta brik ọhụrụ iji rụzie ụlọ ndị mebiri emebi.[10]

Nnyocha nke foto ndị na-agba gburugburu site na National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) na-egosi na ihe dị ka Puku narị iteghete km2 nke ala ahịhịa savanna n'ógbè Afrịka emeela ka ọ ghara ịdị irè n'etiti mmalite afọ 1960 na 1986 n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-aga n'ihu O'Connor nke afọ 1995.[11][12]

Oké ọkọchị bụ ihe na-eme na Naijiria ma na-emetụta mba ahụ dum. Mpaghara ndị kpọrọ nkụ na ndị kpọrọ nká na-emetụta karịa ndị na-akwọcha n'ebe ndịda, mana ogo nke adịghị ike dịgasị iche. N'Ebe Ugwu Naịjirịa, e nwere ọtụtụ ndekọ nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke kpatara ụnwụ nri n'afọ 1914, 1924, 1935, 1943, 1951-1954, 1972-1973, Mortimore 1989 na 1991-1995 (Tarhule na Woo 1997). [2]

Nnyocha e mere na steeti asaa nke Naijiria site na SBMIntel, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na-elekwasị anya n'Afrika, gosiri na ihe dịka pacenti iri asaa na iteghete nke ndị ọrụ ugbo Naijiria nwere mmetụta site na mmetụta ọjọọ nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri n'afọ 2020. N'etiti ha, pacenti iri abụo na isii mara ụma atọ nwere nnukwu nsogbu na owuwe ihe ubi ha n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike. Ihe dị ka pacenti iri ise nà abụọ màrà ụma iri isii nwere mmetụta, ebe pacenti iri abụo na otu màrà ụma otu kọrọ na ọ nweghị mmetụta sitere na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri. Nnyocha ahụ, nke akpọrọ "Ndị Naijiria chọrọ iri nri," gosipụtara nnukwu ihe ịma aka ndị ọrụ ugbo Naijiria na ndị na-ebu nri na-eche ihu, nke nwere ike igbochi nchekwa nri mba. E bipụtara ya n'ọnwa a.[13]

Mmetụta

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Oké ọkọchị emeela ka mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọchịchọ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.[14]

Oké ọkọchị emeela ka e weghara ala na-egbu egbu. N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, e nweela ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke esemokwu n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ ehi na-achọ ebe ịta nri na mmiri.[15]

Mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na mpaghara ugwu Naijiria apụtawo ìhè n'ime afọ ndị gara aga, na-emetụta ihe ọkụkụ na ihe ndị ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ahụ. A na-akọwa ụkọ mmiri ozuzo site na enweghị mmiri ozuzo ruo ogologo oge ma ọ bụ nkesa na-ezughị ezu, na-akpata ụkọ mmiri ezuzo ogologo oge na mpaghara ụfọdụ. Ọnọdụ a na-eduga na nrụgide mmiri na ọdịda nke ihe ọkụkụ zuru ebe niile mgbe mmiri ozuzo na-emezughị ihe ndị ihe ọkụkụ chọrọ.[16]

Ndị ọkachamara akpọwo idei mmiri nke afọ 2022 na Naịjirịa dị ka nke kachasị njọ kemgbe afọ 2012. Idei mmiri ndị a ebibiwo ihe ọkụkụ n'ihe karịrị hekta puku narị ise nke ala ugbo, na-emetụta ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugpo na mba ahụ dum.[17]

Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta mmepụta ike mmiri nke Naijiria, n'ihi na ọ na-eduga na mmiri ozuzo na-enweghị atụ na usoro ụkọ mmiri, na-emetụ n'ogo mmiri na ihe mgbochi mmiri dị ka Kainji Dam. N'oge ọkọchị, mmepụta ike mmiri na-ebelata, na-emetụta nkesa ike mba ma na-emebi ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-adabere na ike eletrik kwụsiri ike. N'aka nke ọzọ, oke mmiri ozuzo n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu idei mmiri na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu.[17]

Steeti ndị ụkọ mmiri ozuzo metụtara na Naịjirịa

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Oké ọkọchị nke steeti Yobe

Steeti ndị na-esonụ gụnyere Sokoto, Katsina, Zamfara, Kebbi, Jigawa na Kano n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na Borno, Yobe, Gombe, Bauchi na Adamawa Steeti n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ na-emetụta ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.[18][19]

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe

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Oge ụgụrụ nke na-eme n'etiti ngwụcha Nọvemba na etiti Machị na-eweta ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na Naịjirịa.[20] Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta nnukwu uzuzu nke nwere ike ịkpata uzuzu ma ọ bụ ájá. Ifufe nwere ike ịbawanye ihe ize ndụ ọkụ ma kpatara nnukwu mmebi ihe ọkụkụ.

Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị

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Iwu Njikwa ọzara na Mbelata oké ọkọchị nke gburugburu ebe obibi nke afọ 2011 na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi nke ọzara na mba Naijiria.[21] Ha na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ka ndị Naijiria mara ihe kpatara ya na ihe ize ndụ nke Decertification. Ha na-eme nke a site n'ịgba ume ka a na-eme ka a na'oge a na-emepụta oké ọhịa, na-emepe emepe, na-emepụta ọhịa na-echekwa ebe ndị dị n'okpuru ọzara. [22]

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Sunday. "Nigeria cattle crisis: how drought and urbanisation led to deadly land grabs", The Guardian, 2021-01-11. Retrieved on 2023-07-10. (in en-GB)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 what causes Drought in Nigeria - Google Search. www.google.com. Retrieved on 2023-07-10.
  3. ↑ Briefing: Nigerian farmers can't fight desertification alone (en). The New Humanitarian (2017-11-14). Retrieved on 2023-07-10.
  4. ↑ Herders against Farmers: Nigeria's Expanding Deadly Conflict (en). www.crisisgroup.org (2017-09-19). Retrieved on 2023-07-10.
  5. ↑ Stopping Nigeria's Spiralling Farmer-Herder Violence (en). www.crisisgroup.org (2018-07-26). Retrieved on 2023-07-10.
  6. ↑ Salkida (2020-06-13). Fulani: Villain And Victim Of Militia Attacks? (en-US). HumAngle. Retrieved on 2023-07-10.
  7. ↑ Over 2000 Nigerians Killed In Farmers-Herdsmen Clashes Across Nigeria- Group | Sahara Reporters. saharareporters.com. Retrieved on 2023-07-10.
  8. ↑ Boyce (2018-08-29). "The Great Recession and subjective well-being: How did the life satisfaction of people living in the United Kingdom change following the financial crisis?". PLOS ONE 13 (8): e0201215. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0201215. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 30157180. 
  9. ↑ They Do Not Own This Place: Government Discrimination Against "Non-Indigenes" in Nigeria: Historical Background and Context. www.hrw.org. Retrieved on 2023-07-10.
  10. ↑ Greenpeace - Drought in Nigeria. media.greenpeace.org. Retrieved on 2023-07-10.
  11. ↑ Eze (2018-10-22). "Drought occurrences and its implications on the households in Yobe state, Nigeria". Geoenvironmental Disasters 5 (1): 18. DOI:10.1186/s40677-018-0111-7. ISSN 2197-8670. 
  12. ↑ What Happens After an Entire Town Burns to the Ground? (en). Gizmodo (2018-11-14). Retrieved on 2023-07-22.
  13. ↑ Nearly 80% of Nigerian farmers affected by floods, drought in 2020 – Report. www.premiumtimesng.com. Retrieved on 2023-08-03.
  14. ↑ Hassan (2019-03-01). "Problems of drought and its management in Yobe State, Nigeria" (in en). Weather and Climate Extremes 23: 100192. DOI:10.1016/j.wace.2019.100192. ISSN 2212-0947. 
  15. ↑ Orji. "Nigeria cattle crisis: how drought and urbanisation led to deadly land grabs", Mon 11 Jan 2021.
  16. ↑ Stanke (2013-06-05). "Health Effects of Drought: a Systematic Review of the Evidence". PLOS Currents 5: ecurrents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004. DOI:10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004. ISSN 2157-3999. PMID 23787891. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Seven major ways climate change affects Nigerians - Daily Trust. dailytrust.com (30 October 2022). Retrieved on 2023-08-03.
  18. ↑ Nigeria: Alert – Drought to affect northern states – NEMA – Nigeria | ReliefWeb (en). reliefweb.int (2009-09-13). Retrieved on 2023-09-20.
  19. ↑ Nigeria: Alert – Drought to affect northern states – NEMA – Nigeria | ReliefWeb (en). reliefweb.int (2009-09-13). Retrieved on 2023-09-30.
  20. ↑ Harmattan | Origin, Effects, & Facts | Britannica (en). www.britannica.com. Retrieved on 2023-09-30.
  21. ↑ National Environmental (Desertification Control and Drought Mitigation) Regulations, 2011 (S.I. No. 13 of 2011). | UNEP Law and Environment Assistance Platform. leap.unep.org. Retrieved on 2023-09-30.
  22. ↑ Admin (2020-08-21). NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL (DESERTIFICATION CONTROL AND DROUGHT MITIGATION) REGULATIONS, 2011 (en-GB). Retrieved on 2023-09-16.
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