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Senenmut

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Senenmut
mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya16. century BCE Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụEgypt Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya1463 BCE Dezie
Ebe oliliTheban Necropolis Dezie
ọrụ ọ na-arụonye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Dezie
Ọkwá o jipharaoh Dezie
time periodIjipùtù Ọkpụ Dezie

 

Senenmut ( Ancient Egyptian , mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụgharị Senmut, Senemut, ma ọ bụ Senmout ) bụ usoro ndị eze nke iri na asatọ n'oge ochie na onye ọrụ gọọmentị Egypt . Aha ya sụgharịrị n'ụzọ nkịtị dị ka "nwanne nne." [1]

Ezinụlọ

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Senenmut bụ nwa obere ọmụmụ, nke ndị nne na nna na-agụ akwụkwọ, Ramose na Hatnofer (ma ọ bụ "Hatnefret") sitere na Iuny ( Armant nke oge a). A maara Senenmut nwere ụmụnne atọ (Amenemhet, Minhotep, na Pairy) na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ (Ahhotep na Nofrethor). [2] Otú ọ dị, nanị Minhotep ka a na-akpọ n'èzí ụlọ ekpere TT71 na ili TT353, na nchịkọta akụkọ na mkpuchi nke igbe a hụrụ n'ime ụlọ olili nke Ramose na Hatnofer. [3] A maara ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara Senenmut karịa ọtụtụ ndị Ijipt ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ndị eze n'ihi na njikọ ili nke nne na nna ya (ihe owuwu Senenmut na-elekọta onwe ya) bụ nke Metropolitan Museum chọpụtara na etiti 1930s wee chekwaa ya. Christine Meyer enyela ihe akaebe siri ike iji gosi na Senenmut bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na ndụ ya dum: dịka ọmụmaatụ, Senenmut na-egosi naanị ya na nne na nna ya n'ebe a na-eli ozu nke ili ya; e gosiri ya naanị ya, karịa ka ya na nwunye ya nọ, na vignette nke Isi 110 site n'akwụkwọ nke Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ n'ili 353 na, n'ikpeazụ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụnne nke Senenmut, ọ bụghịkwa otu n'ime ụmụ ya nwoke, onye e boro ebubo banyere iwu ahụ. ogbugbu nke emume olili ozu Senenmut. [4]

Nkume nke edere aha Senenmut, nke sitere na Thebes, Egypt. Neues Museum, Berlin

Ọrụ

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Senenmut buru ụzọ banye na ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọkwa mba dị ka "Onye nlekọta nke nwunye Chineke" ( Hatshepsut ) na "Onye nlekọta nke ada Eze" ( Neferure ). Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta Egypt na-etinye ntinye Senenmut n'ọrụ eze n'oge ọchịchị Thutmose I, ma o yikarịrị ka ọ mere n'oge ọchịchị Thutmose II ma ọ bụ mgbe Hatshepsut ka bụ onye ọchịchị na-abụghị pharaoh. Mgbe Hatshepsut kpuchara Fero okpueze, e nyere Senenmut utu aha ndị ọzọ ma bụrụ nnukwu onye nlekọta nke eze .

Senenmut na-ahụ maka ịgbawa okwute, ibugharị, na iwulite obeliks ejima, n'oge ahụ kachasị ogologo n'ụwa, n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nsọ Karnak . Ọ dịghịkwa eguzo taa n'agbanyeghị na ha na-echeta na Chapelle Rouge . E bu n'obi Karnak's Red Chapel ka ọ bụrụ ebe a na-edebe ụlọ mmanya na ọ ga-abụrịrị na o guzoro n'etiti obelisk abụọ ahụ. (Ewubere mgbidi Hatshepsut fọdụrụnụ n'ime afọ iri na ise dị ka akụkụ nke ememme Heb Sed ; otu ka na-eguzo n'ụlọ nsọ nke Karnak ebe nke ọzọ dị na iberibe, ebe ọ dara ọtụtụ narị afọ gara aga.)

Ụlọ nsọ Hatshepsut nke Mortuary

Senenmut na-ekwu na ya bụ onye isi ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ Hatshepsut na Deir el-Bahri . [5] Ihe owuwu nke Senenmut rụrụ bụ ụlọ arụrụala nke Hatshepsut, nke a makwaara dị ka Djeser-Djeseru, nke Senenmut mere ma mejuputa ya na saịtị dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri Naịl, nke dị nso n'ọnụ ụzọ ndagwurugwu nke ndị eze . Isi ebe a na-ekwu okwu bụ Djeser-Djeseru ma ọ bụ "The Sublime of the Sublimes" Temple Mortuary ('Nsọ (nke) Nsọ'), nhazi nke nkwekọ zuru oke nke e wuru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu puku afọ tupu Parthenon . Djeser-Djeseru nọ ọdụ n'elu usoro mbara ala ndị nwere ubi mara mma. A na-ewu ya n'ime ọnụ okwute ihu nke na-ebili nke ọma n'elu ya. A na-ewere Djeser-Djeseru na ụlọ ndị ọzọ nke ogige Deir el-Bahri dị ka otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ nke ụwa ochie. A na-eche na a ga-esi na ụlọ nsọ Mentuhotep nke Abụọ nweta ihe mgbagwoju anya ụlọ ahụ nke e wuru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 500 tupu mgbe ahụ na Deir-el-Bahri. [6] Mkpa Senenmut n'obí eze n'okpuru Hatshepsut enweghị mgbagha:

ọ nwere ike ikwu ozugbo na ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu na Sheikh Abd el-Qurna na Deir el Bahri n'onwe ya maka igwu egwu ụlọ ụka na ụlọ olili ya. [7]
TT 353 - hypogeum nyere ikike nke Senenmut, 97m ogologo na 41m miri emi.

Senenmut's Theban Tomb 71 malitere na mbubreyo nke afọ 7, "obere oge ka Hatshepsut bịarutere, ọnwụ Hatnofer, na mmekọrịta Hatnofer na ozu nke ọtụtụ ndị ezinaụlọ gwupụtara", ebe "ihe e gwupụtara n'ụlọ ụka ahụ yiri ka ọ gara n'ihu ruo mgbe afọ 7 gasịrị. " nke eze nwanyị Fero. [8] Udi Senenmut yiri ka ọ na-enweta ihu ọma Hatshepsut na "ihe ngosi ya na ihe ngosi Punt na-ebipụtala Afọ 9" nke Hatshepsut. [9]

Maapụ kpakpando mbụ amara ama na Egypt bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke ihe ndozi n'ime Tomb nke Senenmut. E kewara elu ụlọ mbara igwe nke dị n'ili Senenmut (TT 353) ụzọ abụọ, na-anọchite anya mbara igwe ugwu na ndịda. Nke a na-egosi akụkụ ọzọ nke ọrụ ya, na-egosi na ọ bụkwa onye na-enyocha mbara igwe n'oge ochie. [10]

Atụmatụ ili TT353

Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta Egypt ekwupụtala na Senenmut bụ onye hụrụ Hatshepsut n'anya. Eziokwu ndị a na-ekwukarị iji kwado echiche ahụ bụ na Hatshepsut kwere ka Senenmut tinye aha ya na ihe oyiyi nke onwe ya n'azụ otu n'ime ọnụ ụzọ ndị dị na Djeser-Djeseru, na ọnụnọ nke graffiti n'ili a na-emechabeghị nke a na-eji dị ka ụlọ ezumike site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. ndị ọrụ Djeser-Djeseru na-ese onyinyo nwoke na otu hermaphrodite na-eme ihe n'ụzọ pharaonic na-eme omume mmekọahụ doro anya. [11]

N'agbanyeghị na amabeghị ebe e liri ya, Senenmut nwere ụlọ ekpere na ili ewuru onwe ya. Ụlọ ụka ahụ dị na ( TT71 ) na Tomb of the Nobles na ili ahụ dị na (TT353), na nso ụlọ nsọ Hatshepsut, ma nwee ụlọ kpakpando ama ama. E mebiri ha abụọ nke ukwuu n'oge ọchịchị Thutmose III, ikekwe n'oge mkpọsa nke ikpeazụ iji kpochapụ ihe niile nke ncheta Hatshepsut. Udi nke ọ bụla n'onwe ya ezughị oke, dị ka a ga-atụ anya ya n'ili onye dị elu nke Ijipt. TT71 bụ ụlọ ụka Theban Tomb a na-ahụkarị, mana enweghị ụlọ olili. TT353 bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'okpuruala na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'elu ala uka. Ha na-akwado ibe ha ma bụrụ naanị, ọnụ, ihe ncheta olili zuru oke. [12]

Ụlọ ihe onyonyo

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Ostraca na-egosi Senenmut

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  • Ostracon found from the dump below Senenmut's tomb chapel (SAE 71) thought to depict his profile. Now in the Metropolitan Museum.
    Ostraconaha site na mkpofu n'okpuru ụlọ ụka Senenmut (SAE 71) chere na ọ ga-egosi ya. Ugbu a naỤlọ ihe ngosi nka Metropolitan.
  • Ostracon of Senemut found from the dump below Senenmut's tomb chapel (SAE 71) thought to depict his double profile. Now in the Metropolitan Museum.
    Ostracon nke SenemutShaịdera site na mkpofu dị n'okpuru ụlọ ụka Senenmut (SAE 71) chere na ọ ga-egosi ngosipụta ya okpukpu. Ugbu a naỤlọ ihe ngosi nka Metropolitan.
  • Ostracon found from the dump below Senenmut's tomb chapel (SAE 71) thought to depict his profile. Now in the Metropolitan Museum.
    Ostracon site na mkpọfu n'okpuru ụlọ ụka Senenmut (SAE 71) chere na ọ ga-egosi gosiri ya. Ugbu a naỤlọ ihe ngosi nka Metropolitan.
  • Seated Senenmut holding the princess Neferure in his arms, on display at the British Museum.
    Senenmut nọ ọdụ na-ejide adaezeNeferuren'aka ya, na ngosi naỤlọ ihe ngosi nka nke British.
  • A kneeling statue of Senenmut, now in the Metropolitan Museum.
    Ihe oyiyi na-egbugbu n'ala nke Senenmut, ugbu a naEze ihe ngosi nka Metropolitan.
  • A kneeling statue of Senenmut holding a rebus of Hatshepsut's name, now in the Brooklyn Museum.
    Ihe oyiyi na-egbugbu n'ala nke Senenmut na-ejiderebusnke aha Hatshepsut, ugbu a naỤlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn.
  • A block statue of Senenmut with the head of Hatshepsut's daughter Neferure appearing below his. From the Ägyptisches Museum, Berlin.
    Ihe oyiyi nwere nghazi nke Senenmut isi nwa echere Hatshepsut Neferure nọmba n'okpuru ya. Saịtị naỤlọ ihe ngosi nka Ägyptisches, Berlin.
  • Statue of Senenmut and Neferura, originally from the Temple of Karnak at Thebes, now on display at the British Museum.
    Ihe oyiyi nke Senenmut na Neferura, nke sitere naNdị nzuzo KarnaknaThebes, ugbu a na- nọmba naỤlọ ihe ngosi nka nke British.

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ Hermann Ranke, Die Ägyptischen Personennamen (Glückstadt, 1935): p. 309, 3,
  2. ↑ Peter F. Dorman.
  3. ↑ A. Lansing & W. Hayes, The Egyptian Expedition, 1935-1936,' BMMA 32, January 1937, Section II:24
  4. ↑ Christine Meyer, Senenmut: eine prosopographische Untersuchung, Verlag Borg, (Hamburg, 1982), pp.8-9
  5. ↑ Senenmut's specific claim to work at Deir El-Bahri is mentioned on Fort Worth AP 85.2, on CG 579 and Theban tomb 353.
  6. ↑ I.E.S. Edwards The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt pg.
  7. ↑ Dorman, The Monuments of Senenmut, p.172
  8. ↑ Dorman, The Monuments of Senenmut, p.172
  9. ↑ Dorman, The Monuments of Senenmut, p.172
  10. ↑ Novakovic, Bojan.
  11. ↑ Senenmut and Hatshepsut.
  12. ↑ Dorman, The Monuments of Senenmut, p.109.

Njikọ mpụga

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