Shamsuddeen Usman

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Shamsuddeen Usman
Mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịNaijiria Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya18 Septemba 1949 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụSteeti Kano Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụeconomist, onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ Dezie
Ọkwá o jiMinister of Finance of Nigeria, Minister of Budget and National Planning, Minister of Budget and National Planning Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọLondon School of Economics and Political Science, Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Ụlọ akwụkwọ King's College, Lagos Dezie
affiliation stringNational Planning Commission Dezie
so naWorld Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2013 Dezie

Shamsuddeen Usman, CON, OFR (amụrụ na 18 Septemba 1949) bụ onye Naijiria na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, ụlọ akụ, onye na-ahụ Maka teknụzụ na onye ọrụ ọha na eze. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke SUSMAN & Associates ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, ego na njikwa nke nwere isi na Naijiria. [1] bụ Minista na-ahụ maka ego nke Naijiria n'etiti June 2007 na Jenụwarị 2009 ma rụọkwa ọrụ dị ka Minista na Nhazi Mba site na Jenụwaị 2009 ruo Septemba 2013. [2] Usman bụ onye isi oche nke Citibank Nigeria Limited.

Ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka nlekọta na mmejuputa nke atụmatụ mmepe mba ndị a, European Development Fund (EDF) Country Strategy Paper (CSP) na National Indicative Programme (NIP). Dị ka Minista nke Atụmatụ Mba, ọ na-ahụkwa maka National Bureau of Statistics, Centre for Management and Development na Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER).

Ọ nọchitere anya Naijiria dị ka Gọvanọ na Kọmitii Na-achịkwa World Bank na International Monetary Fund. [2] bụ onye otu Federal Executive Council, National Economic Council na National Council on privatization.

[3] bụ Minista Naijiria mbụ kwupụtara akụ ya n'ihu ọha tupu ọ banye n'ọkwa dị ka onye ọrụ ọha na eze, omume a na-ewere dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke ịza ajụjụ na nghọta na mba a maara maka ọkwa nrụrụ aka dị elu.

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mụrụ Usman na Warure Quarters nke Kano State. Nna ya, onye ọkà mmụta Alakụba, nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ isii.Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Dandago Primary School. Mgbe ọ gachara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na prestigious Government College Keffi na King's College, Lagos, ọ nwetara BSc. na Economics site na Ahmadu Bello University na Zaria, Nigeria. O mechara nweta agụmakwụkwọ mba iji mụọ maka MSc ya. na PhD na London School of Economics and Political Science n'etiti afọ 1977 na 1980. Ph.D. ya bụ na "Tax Incentives and Investment in the Nigerian Oil Industry".[2]'ime afọ abụọ mbụ ya na London School of Economics, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka nkuzi maka klas afọ ikpeazụ na Public Finance.

Ọrụ mmalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Site na 1974 ruo 1976, Usman rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme atụmatụ maka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Atụmatụ Akụ na Ụba nke Kano. Ọ kụziri Economic Analysis na Public Finance na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Mahadum Bayero Kano na Mahadim Jos n'etiti afọ 1976 na 1981. Ọ bụ onye nchịkwa na Nigerian Industrial Development Bank (NIDB) wee jee ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke mmefu ego / onye ndụmọdụ akụ na ụba pụrụ iche na Gọọmentị Steeti Kano n'etiti afọ 1981 na 1983. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi njikwa nke NAL Merchant Bank (nke bụ Sterling Bank ugbu a). [4]

Mmetụta nke Privateisation na Commercialisation na akụ na ụba Naịjirịa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Site na 1989 ruo 1991 Usman jere ozi dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ Director General nke Kọmitii Nkà na ụzụ na Privatisation na Commercialisation, ugbu a Bureau of Public Enterprises. Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka Nzọụkwụ nke Mbụ nke mmemme ahụ na ikike iji gbanwee ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze, dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa na nke dị oke mkpa nke International Monetary Fund-led Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), nke a malitere na 1986.   [citation needed]

N'okpuru nlekọta ya, ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze 88 bụ nke e mepụtara kpamkpam ma ọ bụ nke onwe ya n'enweghị enyemaka ọ bụla si mba ọzọ. Ihe omume ahụ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'iwepụ gọọmentị na nnukwu ibu ọrụ ego na-arịwanye elu nke ịkwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze, belata oke ikike nchịkwa gọọmentị site na ịkọwa ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-elekọta, mepụta nnukwu ndị nwere òkè ma gbasaa ahịa isi obodo Naijiria ruo n'ọnọdụ nke ịbụ nke kachasị mepụta na Africa ojii. Mgbasa ego ahịa nke Naịjirịa Stock Exchange (NSE) nke a na-ere òkè ahụ amụbaala site na ijeri N8.9 na 1987 (tupu nkewa) ruo ijeri N65.5 na 1994 (mgbe Phase-I gasịrị).   [5] pụghị imesi mmetụta na-akpali akpali nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke òkè a tọhapụrụ n'ahịa site na mmega nkeonwe ike, TCPC ghọrọ Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) ugbu a na 1993.

Nzọụkwụ-I nke nkeonwe n'ozuzu ya dugara n'imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị nweere onwe ha, nke dugara na mmụba dị ukwuu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụtụ isi ụlọ ọrụ na-agbakwunye na akụ mba, n'etiti ọtụtụ uru ndị ọzọ. Ahịa nke òkè na akụ nwetara ihe karịrị ijeri N3.7 dị ka nnukwu nkeonwe na-enweta site na nkeonwe nke ụlọ ọrụ 55 nke ngụkọta ego mbụ ya dịka ndekọ nke Ministry of Financed Incorporated (MOFI) si dị bụ nde N652.   Nke a na-anọchite anya ihe na-erughị 2% nke ngụkọta uru nke itinye ego nke gọọmentị etiti dị ka ọ dị na 30 Nọvemba 1990 nke guzo na ijeri N36.  Nkewa nke onwe emeela ka onye nwe òkè na Naịjirịa gbasaa nke ukwuu. Site n'ibelata ịdabere na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na gọọmentị maka ego, mmemme nke privatization agbaala ume itinye ego ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị metụtara.Nnwere onwe ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na nnwere onwe ha site na itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na njikwa kwa ụbọchị emeela ka arụmọrụ dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ dịkwuo mma na-enye ha ohere ịzụ ahịa ọrụ ha, na-ewebata ụdị azụmaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ onwe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma na-eme ka omume ọrụ dị mma. Mgbasawanye nke òkè nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị nweere onwe ha akpaliwo uto ngwa ngwa nke Naịjirịa Capital Market ma nyere aka mee ka ọ dị omimi ma gbasaa ya.   [citation needed]

Ịgba ego[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Usman bụ onye isi na-achọ ịghọ onye isi nchịkwa nke United Bank for Africa na-ahụ maka International and Investments Sector na 1992. Nke a gụnyere nlekọta nke alaka New York. N'ikpeazụ, Union Bank of Nigeria họpụtara ya na 1993 dị ka onye isi nchịkwa na onye isi nke Corporate and International Banking. Oge ya na Union Bank dị mkpụmkpụ ka NAL Merchant Bank were ya dịka onye isi nchịkwa na onye isi nchịkishọp na 1994, ọfịs o nwere ihe karịrị afọ ise. [2] bụkwa onye otu Kọmitii na Vision 2010.

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Naijiria na 1999, a họpụtara ya dị ka osote Gọvanọ nke Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) na-ahụ maka Iwu Ego na Banking, nke e mechara kpọọ Financial Sector Surveillance. Ọ bụkwa onye na-eduzi Project Eagles, mmemme mgbanwe nke CBN, nke na-ahụ maka ịmegharị nzukọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ kachasị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, dị irè na ebumnuche na Naịjirịa. Site na Jenụwarị 2004 ruo June 2007 ọ bụ osote Gọvanọ na-ahụ maka ntụziaka ọrụ na-ahụ anya na ntụziaka arụmọrụ. Site n'afọ 2005, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke Nigerian Security Printing and Minting Company Limited (NSPMC) nke a makwaara dị ka "The Mint". [2]'ọrụ a, ọ lekọtara iwebata N500 na N1000 na nhazi nke Mint n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-aba uru karịa nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche nke Abuja Stock Exchange, Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) na Financial Institutions Training Centre. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Nigerian Economic Society (NES) ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke Society n'etiti afọ 1986 na 1987. Ọ bụkwa onye otu African Economic Research Consortium na African Export-Import Bank . [2]

Ọrụ ozi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A họpụtara Usman dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ego nke Naịjirịa site na Mee 2007 ruo Jenụwarị 2009. N'ọrụ a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nke Economic Management Team na dị ka osote onyeisi oche nke National Council on Privatisation. Usman webatara usoro mmefu ego dabere [6] arụmọrụ ma chụsoo mgbanwe akụ na ụba dị iche iche dị ka ibelata nkezi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Naijiria Oge site na ihe dịka ọnwa 2 ruo ihe dịka ụbọchị 14 n'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa; ịbawanye capitalization, ntụkwasị obi na ịdị irè nke ngalaba ịnshọransị yana ịchụso mmejuputa iwu na-akwadoghị na nkwenye nke dugara na mpụga ego nke ihe karịrị ijeri $ 2; ibelata ụgwọ mpụga Naijiria; na ịkwụ ụgwọ omenala na ụgwọ ahịa isi maka ndị ọrụ iji kwalite gburugburu ebe dị ike na-enweghị nsogbu maka itinye ego na akụ na ụba. 

N'oge ndị na-eduga n'inyefe mmefu ego gọọmentị site n'aka Onye isi ala (Umaru Musa Yar'Adua) na Nzukọ nke Mba, Usman enweghị mmekọrịta enyi na enyi na ndị otu Senate na House of Assembly ole na ole ka ha abụọ, n'oge niile n'oge nkwadebe nke mmefu ego, na-agba mbọ ka mmefu ego nke gọọmentị mụbaa megide ọchịchọ Usman, ọkachasị ka Mba ahụ na-ata ahụhụ site na mbelata ego mmanụ. Usman kwuru na ihe kpatara nke a bụ na akụ na ụba nke Naịjirịa enweghị ikike iji nweta mmefu ego a, n'ihi ego ọ na-enweta na iji chịkwaa ịrị elu na iji belata nrụrụ aka na mmejuputa na-ekwesịghị ekwesị dị ka ọ dị na ngalaba ike n'oge ọchịchị Obasanjo; a ga-ezere nke a. Usman boro ọkwa [7] ala nke mmefu ego nke afọ 2008 n'otu akụkụ n'ihi igbu oge nke National Assembly kpatara n'ịkwado mmefu ego ahụ, nkwupụta nke ndị otu National Assembly enweghị obi ụtọ na ya.

N'ịkwadebe mmefu ego nke 2007 (nkwado), 2008 (nkwato) na 2009, Usman webatara usoro mmefu ego dabere na atụmatụ mmepe nke etiti oge dị iche na mmefu ego kwa afọ nke gosipụtara nkwekọrịta maka atụmatụ mmepe mba n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, dịka emere n'oge gara aga.

N'ụzọ yiri nke Trevor Manuel, onye bụbu Minista na-ahụ maka ego nke South Africa, a họpụtara Usman dị ka minista / osote onyeisi oche nke National Planning Commission of Nigeria na dịka onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii Na-eduzi Nigeria Vision 2020 na Jenụwarị 2009. N'ọrụ a, ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka atụmatụ akụ na ụba na mmepe nke mba ahụ site na ịhazi atụmatụ mba / usoro iwu, atụmatụ mba ogologo oge (Nigeria Vision 2020) ma soro Ministri ego rụọ ọrụ iji setịpụ ebumnuche zuru oke nke mmefu ego kwa afọ (Nigera-oge). [8]

Ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka nlekọta na mmejuputa nke atụmatụ mmepe mba ndị a, European Development Fund (EDF) Country Strategy Paper (CSP) na National Indicative Programme (NIP). Dị ka Minista nke Atụmatụ Mba, ọ na-ahụkwa maka National Bureau of Statistics, Centre for Management and Development na Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER).

Sanusi Lamido Sanusi kwuru [9] dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na akụ na ụba Naijiria na onyinye ha n'oge ahụ ga-enyere aka belata ndakpọ akụ na ụba dị ugbu a.

Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii Na-eduzi Onye isi ala na nsogbu ego zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Minista nke Atụmatụ Mba (Jenụwarị 2009 ruo Septemba 2013)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Dị ka Minista nke Atụmatụ Mba, Usman: [10]

  • Mepụtara akwụkwọ Nigeria Vision 2020 na ntinye sitere n'aka ndị dịgasị iche iche (dịka ndị ntorobịa, steeti, ụmụ nwanyị, ndị injinia, ndị nwere nkwarụ)
  • National Strategy for the Development of Statistics nke bụ ịmepụta data maka atụmatụ mba
  • Mepụtara usoro mba nke a ga-eji nyochaa arụmọrụ nke Ministri, Ngalaba na Ụlọ Ọrụ
  • Nnyocha nke atụmatụ 7 na iwu gọọmentị ndị ọzọ
  • Atụmatụ mmejuputa afọ anọ maka akwụkwọ Vision 2020
  • Usoro mmefu ego nke etiti oge nke mmefu ego mba dabeere na ya

Naịjirịa Sovereign Wealth Fund[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ime afọ ndị bu afọ 2008 ụzọ, Naịjirịa ritere uru site na ịrị elu nke ọnụ ahịa mmanụ, nke nyere gọọmentị ohere ịmepụta ego karịrị akarị ma mụbaa mmefu ọha na eze. Otú ọ dị, Usman achọpụtala na mgbanwe nke ọnụahịa mmanụ na-eweta nnukwu ihe ize ndụ maka uto na akụ na ụba Naịjirịa na-adabere na mmanụ, ma dị ka nke a na-akwalite nguzobe ego akụ na ụba, nke ga-eje ozi dị ka ego nchekwa ogologo oge maka ọgbọ ndị na-abịa n'ọdịnihu yana dị ka ego mmepe maka ọrụ mmekọrịta na akụ na ibe ya. A haziri ka ọ dị ka ego ezumike nká nke gọọmentị nke Norway. Dị ka o kwesịrị, a na-echekwa ego karịrị akarị (ya bụ, ego a na-enweta n'ezie na ego karịrị akarụ, iji gbochie oke okpomọkụ nke akụ na ụba, ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ndokwa iwu maka njikwa ego karịrị akarịa-: Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na enweghị ndọkwa iwu maka akaụntụ ahụike na-enweghị isi na enweghị ikike ka ejiri ya mee ihe dị ka ọgbọ ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu, dị ka Sovereign Wealth Fund dị mkpa iji bulie arụmọrụ na njikwa nke nchekwa mba ahụ. O guzobere Kọmitii Nkà na ụzụ nke Onye isi ala na Ntọala nke Ego Ọchịchị Naịjirịa, nke nyere akụkọ ya na Kansụl Akụnụba Mba na Onye isi ala. Otú [11] dị, n'ihi na ọ na-eweghachi ozi ya na Ministry of National Planning, ọ nweghị ike ilekọta nguzobe nke Sovereign Wealth Fund.

Nnyocha nke ndị ozi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbe onye isi ala nke oge ahụ, Goodluck Jonathan, gbasara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Febụwarị 10, 2010, Usman bụ otu n'ime mmadụ itoolu a họpụtara ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ minista gọọmentị na ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ n'ime iri anọ na abụọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi nnọpụiche ya n'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta dị mma ya na onye isi ala. Otú ọ dị, [12] ndị otu Kano State PDP anaghị ele nhọpụta Usman anya nke ọma, ebe ha chere na Usman bụ onye na-ahụ maka teknụzụ ọ bụghị onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, yana ndị otu People's Democratic Party na Kano State. Nke a dugara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site n'aka ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmasị iji gbochie nhọpụta ya. [13]'ihi ya, o yiri ka Nzukọ nke Mba egbuola oge nyocha ya ma n'ụtụtụ echi ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ mpaghara na-akọ na a chụpụrụ ya dị ka Minista n'ihi ọdịmma ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị megide nhọpụta ya dị ka Technocrat.

Otú ọ dị, n'otu ụtụtụ nke akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, Usman bụ onye mbụ Senate nyochara ebe ọ zara ajụjụ dịgasị iche iche gbasara akụ na ụba, ma zaa ajụjụ gbasara arụmọrụ ya dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ego na atụmatụ mba. [14] bụ ebe a ka o kwuru okwu ya a ma ama banyere ọgụ ya na ndị mafia akụ na ụba na Naijiria bụ ndị na-emebi ikike gọọmentị na-enweta ego.Àtụ:Cabinet of President Umaru Yar'Adua

Ọrụ ebere[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Usman bụ onye isi oche na otu n'ime ndị guzobere Kano Peace and Development Initiative (KAPEDI), otu ụmụ amaala nwere nchegbu nke Steeti Kano nke a kpaliri iwughachi udo na akụ na ụba nke steeti Kan, ọkachasị mgbe esemokwu okpukpe gasịrị na 2004.   [citation needed]

Ọ malitekwara Gidauniyar Alheri, otu NGO na mpaghara Garangamawa nke obodo Kano nke na-enye ndị ntorobịa ọzụzụ mmepe mmadụ ma na-arụ ọrụ ebere ndị ọzọ na steeti ahụ.   [citation needed] August 17, 2002, e guzobere Gidauniyar Alheri Community Services iji nyere ndị mmadụ nke ngalaba 10 nke Gwale ime obodo gọọmentị dị na steeti Kano aka ịnagide nsogbu ndị dị ka ịda ogbenye, amaghị akwụkwọ, na enweghị nlekọta ahụike zuru ezu. Ihe karịrị puku mmadụ 200 ejirila ọrụ ahụike Gidauniyar Alheri Community Health Centre n'efu mee ihe kemgbe ọ meghere na mgbalị iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọnwụ nne na nwa ọhụrụ na steeti Kano.

Usman bụkwa onye isi oche na onye guzobere nzukọ ndị ọkachamara nke Kano-Jigawa. E guzobere nzukọ ahụ na 2018 na ebumnuche nke ịgba ndị na-eto eto nọ na steeti abụọ ahụ ume ịghọ ndị ọkachamara gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. Ndị isi oche niile nke nzukọ ahụ bụbu ndị isi mba nke òtù ndị ọkachamara dị iche iche.

Onyinye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • ThisDay Minista nke Afọ 2007
  • Onyinye Vanguard Banker: Ihe oyiyi Banking[15]
  • [16] Fellow, Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria (CIBN) [1]
  • Ndị isi iri ise nke echi (2004) [17]
  • Onye otu, Nigerian Economic Society
  • Ebe nke atọ Onye mmeri mba John F. Kennedy Essay Competition (1969)
  • [18], Society for corporate Governance Nigeria [1]

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Àtụ:Cabinet of President Umaru Yar'AduaÀtụ:Cabinet of Goodluck Jonathan

  1. ↑ Usman joins Dantiye Centre (en-US). Punch Newspapers (13 July 2020). Retrieved on 2020-12-22.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Shamsuddeen Usman (en). World Economic Forum. Retrieved on 2020-09-12.
  3. ↑ Anas Galadima. "Usman Declares Asset", allAfrica, 24 August 2007. Retrieved on 18 May 2023.
  4. ↑ Central Bank of Nigeria:: Board of Directors. www.cbn.gov.ng. Retrieved on 2020-12-25.
  5. ↑ Privatisation in Nigeria. www.nigerianembassy.nl. Archived from the original on 29 December 2002. Retrieved on 15 January 2022.
  6. ↑ Shamsudeen Usman (en). www.africa-confidential.com. Retrieved on 2020-12-31.
  7. ↑ allAfrica.com: Nigeria: How I Tackled Import Mafia - Usman. Archived from the original on 2011-06-22.
  8. ↑ SUBSIDY: What Nigerians stand to gain, by Shamsuddeen Usman (3 December 2011).
  9. ↑ How Nigerian govt caused economic recession -- Emir Sanusi | Premium Times Nigeria (en-GB) (2016-09-02). Retrieved on 2020-12-31.
  10. ↑ Account Suspended. thisdayonline.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved on 25 August 2014.
  11. ↑ allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Sovereign Fund to Replace Excess Crude Account. Archived from the original on 2010-04-25.
  12. ↑ champion.com.ng. www.champion.com.ng. Retrieved on 18 May 2023.
  13. ↑ Saturday Tribune. Tribune.com.ng. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved on 15 September 2013.
  14. ↑ Archived copy. www.punchng.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010.
  15. ↑ allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Vanguard Honours 12 Banking Icons 18 April. Archived from the original on 2012-10-09. Retrieved on 25 August 2014.
  16. ↑ allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Falalu Bello, 8 Others Become CIBN Fellows. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved on 25 August 2014.
  17. ↑ Account Suspended. thisdayonline.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved on 25 August 2014.
  18. ↑ "Former minister tasks Nigerians on integrity to mitigate corruption". Retrieved on 2018-01-24. (in en-US)

Àtụ:Finance Ministers of Nigeria

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