Tiv language
| obere ụdị nke | Tivoid, Niger–Congo  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | Kameroon, Naijiria |
| usoro ederede | Latin script |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 3 Nkwukọrịta sara mbara |
Tiv bụ asụsụ Tivoid a na-asụ na steeti ụfọdụ dị iche iche na North Central Nigeria, na ụfọdụ ndị na-asụrụ ya na obodo Cameroon. O nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise na-ekwu okwu na 2020. A na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tiv na Benue steeti na obodo Naịjirịa. A na-asụkwa asụsụ ahụ n'ọtụtụ steeti Plateau, Taraba, Nasarawa na Cross River nakwa FCT Abuja nke obodo naijiria. Ọ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu n'ime asụsụ Tivoid, otu asụsụ nke asụsụ ndị dị na Southern Bantoid
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Tiv enweghị olumba. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tiv nwere ike ịghọta ibe ha n'ókèala ha. Otú ọ dị, ụda olu (ham) dị.[1]
Ndị n'asụ Tiv[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mkpụrụedemede[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| N'ihu | Nlaghachi | |
|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | u |
| N'etiti | e | ɔ |
| Emeghe | a | ɒ |
| N'ihu | Central | Nlaghachi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ihe dị nso | ɪː | ʊː | |
| N'etiti | oː | ||
| Mepee n'etiti | ɜː | ɔː | |
| Emeghe | aː |
- A na-eji ụdaume eme ụdaume tupu ụdaume imi.
- /a/ can be freely heard as [æ̃] or [ɑ̃] before a nasal consonant.
Mkpụrụ okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Akụkụ abụọ | Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwdA"><br><br><br> | Alveolar | Ọkpụkpụ akpịrị<br id="mweQ"><br><br><br> | Palatal | Velar | Ọkụ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ala dị larịị | <small id="mwhQ">ụlọ nyocha</small> | pal. | ||||||||
| Kwụsị | enweghị olu | p | t | k | kʷ | kʲ | ||||
| kwuru okwu | b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ | ɡʲ | |||||
| Nwanyị na-agba agba | ᵐb | ⁿd | ||||||||
| Africate | enweghị olu | t͡s | t͡ʃ | k͡p | ||||||
| kwuru okwu | (d͡z) | d͡ʒ | ɡ͡b | |||||||
| Nwanyị na-agba agba | ⁿd͡z | |||||||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | enweghị olu | f | s | ʃ | (x) | h | ||||
| kwuru okwu | v | z | ɣ | |||||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | (ɱ) | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | r | |||||||||
| Ihe atụ | w | l | j | |||||||
- /ɣ/ is heard phonetically as [x], but is often voiced as [ɣ].
- [ɱ] is heard in free variation in word-final positions.
- [d͡z] occurs in other dialects.[2]
Ụda[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Tiv nwere ụda atọ (atọ ma ọ bụrụ na a na-agụ na-ebili ma na-ada dị ka ụda dị iche iche kama ịbụ ụda dị ugbu a). A na-eji ha eme ihe kachasị mkpa na ntụgharị.[1]
Akụkụ olu nke Tiv bụ ndị a:
- Ityoisha, nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, bụ nke a ma ama maka ikwubiga okwu ókè nke ụdaume.
- Shitile, nke ọtụtụ ndị Tiv na-asụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Katsina Ala, o doro anya na ọ na-ada ụda nke ọma karịa ụdaume ndị ọzọ nke Tiv na ụdaume mkparị n'ime ụdaume ha dị nso.
- Iharev, nke na-enye ụdaume [r]~[l]
- Kparev, nke a na-asụ n'etiti na ndịda etiti;
- Kunav, nke dị n'okpuru Kparev, nke a maara maka mmasị ya maka ụda [d͡ʒ] ebe ndị ọzọ Kparev na-eji [d͡ʒ].[1]
Okwu, ọkachasị aha osisi na ngwá ọrụ, na-agbanwe site n'otu akụkụ nke ókèala Tiv gaa na nke ọzọ.[1]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkewa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Koelle (1854) kwuru okwu mbụ banyere asụsụ Tiv (dzwa Tiv) site n'aka ndị ohu a tọhapụrụ na Sierra Leone.[3] Johnston (1919) kewara ya dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche n'etiti asụsụ Semi-Bantu, na Talbot (1926) kwetara. Abraham (1933), onye mere ọmụmụ asụsụ zuru oke nke Tiv, kewara ya dị ka Bantu, na-ekwu na okwu ya yiri nke East African Nyanza nke asụsụ Bantu karịa Ekoi ma ọ bụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi. Malherbe (1933) kwenyere na Abraham na Tiv bụ n'ezie Bantu.[1]
Ihe niile dị na Tiv yiri ka ọ na-egosi mgbasawanye na nso nso a, ikekwe na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na ise.[4]
Ọdịdị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Tiv nwere klas aha itoolu.[1]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ndị obodo Tiv
- Ate-u-tiv, ụlọ ọdịnala Tiv eji eme oriri na nnọkọ
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Bohannan (2017-02-03). "Language", The Tiv of Central Nigeria: Western Africa (in en). Routledge. ISBN 9781315295794. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Sokpo (2016). An Autosegmental Analysis of Tiv Phonology.
- ↑ Bohannan (3 February 2017). The Tiv of Central Nigeria: Western Africa Part VIII. ISBN 9781315295794.
- ↑ Blench (June 2016). The Tivoid languages: overview and comparative wordlist.
- R.C.Abraham, A Dictionary of the Tiv Language, Gọọmentị nke Naịjirịa 1940, nke Gregg Press Ltd., Farnborough, Hants., England bipụtara ọzọ 1968. ISBN 0576116157
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe ndị e ji okpukpe mee[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Vidio na faịlụ ọdịyo, New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures Released na ihe ọmụmụ Bible ndị ọzọ n'asụsụ Tiv site n'aka Ndịàmà Jehova
- Bible n'asụsụ tiv
- Oziọma
- Ihe nkiri Jizọs na tiv