Tiv language

Asụsụ tiv

asụsụ, modern language
obere ụdị nke	Tivoid, Niger–Congo
mba/obodo	Kameroon, Naijiria
usoro ederede	Latin script
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue	3 Nkwukọrịta sara mbara

Tiv bụ asụsụ Tivoid a na-asụ na steeti ụfọdụ dị iche iche na North Central Nigeria, na ụfọdụ ndị na-asụrụ ya na obodo Cameroon. O nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise na-ekwu okwu na 2020. A na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tiv na Benue steeti na obodo Naịjirịa. A na-asụkwa asụsụ ahụ n'ọtụtụ steeti Plateau, Taraba, Nasarawa na Cross River nakwa FCT Abuja nke obodo naijiria. Ọ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu n'ime asụsụ Tivoid, otu asụsụ nke asụsụ ndị dị na Southern Bantoid

Asụsụ

Tiv enweghị olumba. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tiv nwere ike ịghọta ibe ha n'ókèala ha. Otú ọ dị, ụda olu (ham) dị.^[1]

Ndị n'asụ Tiv

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụedemede

Mkpụrụedemede dị mkpirikpi
	N'ihu	Nlaghachi
N'akụkụ	i	u
N'etiti	e	ɔ
Emeghe	a	ɒ

Mkpụrụedemede dị ogologo
	N'ihu	Central	Nlaghachi
Ihe dị nso	ɪː		ʊː
N'etiti			oː
Mepee n'etiti		ɜː	ɔː
Emeghe		aː

A na-eji ụdaume eme ụdaume tupu ụdaume imi.
/a/ can be freely heard as [æ̃] or [ɑ̃] before a nasal consonant.

Mkpụrụ okwu

		Akụkụ abụọ	Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwdA"><br><br><br>	Alveolar	Ọkpụkpụ akpịrị<br id="mweQ"><br><br><br>	Palatal	Velar			Ọkụ
		Akụkụ abụọ	Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwdA"><br><br><br>	Alveolar	Ọkpụkpụ akpịrị<br id="mweQ"><br><br><br>	Palatal	ala dị larịị	<small id="mwhQ">ụlọ nyocha</small>	pal.	Ọkụ
Kwụsị	enweghị olu	p		t			k	kʷ	kʲ
	kwuru okwu	b		d			ɡ	ɡʷ	ɡʲ
	Nwanyị na-agba agba	ᵐb		ⁿd
Africate	enweghị olu			t͡s	t͡ʃ		k͡p
	kwuru okwu			(d͡z)	d͡ʒ		ɡ͡b
	Nwanyị na-agba agba			ⁿd͡z
Ihe na-esiri ike	enweghị olu		f	s	ʃ		(x)			h
Ihe na-esiri ike	kwuru okwu		v	z			ɣ
Ụgbọ imi		m	(ɱ)	n		ɲ	ŋ
Ihe na-atọ ụtọ				r
Ihe atụ		w		l		j

/ɣ/ is heard phonetically as [x], but is often voiced as [ɣ].
[ɱ] is heard in free variation in word-final positions.
[d͡z] occurs in other dialects.^[2]

Ụda

Tiv nwere ụda atọ (atọ ma ọ bụrụ na a na-agụ na-ebili ma na-ada dị ka ụda dị iche iche kama ịbụ ụda dị ugbu a). A na-eji ha eme ihe kachasị mkpa na ntụgharị.^[1]

Akụkụ olu nke Tiv bụ ndị a:

Ityoisha, nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, bụ nke a ma ama maka ikwubiga okwu ókè nke ụdaume.
Shitile, nke ọtụtụ ndị Tiv na-asụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Katsina Ala, o doro anya na ọ na-ada ụda nke ọma karịa ụdaume ndị ọzọ nke Tiv na ụdaume mkparị n'ime ụdaume ha dị nso.
Iharev, nke na-enye ụdaume [r]~[l]
Kparev, nke a na-asụ n'etiti na ndịda etiti;
- Kunav, nke dị n'okpuru Kparev, nke a maara maka mmasị ya maka ụda [d͡ʒ] ebe ndị ọzọ Kparev na-eji [d͡ʒ].^[1]

Okwu, ọkachasị aha osisi na ngwá ọrụ, na-agbanwe site n'otu akụkụ nke ókèala Tiv gaa na nke ọzọ.^[1]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkewa

Koelle (1854) kwuru okwu mbụ banyere asụsụ Tiv (dzwa Tiv) site n'aka ndị ohu a tọhapụrụ na Sierra Leone.^[3] Johnston (1919) kewara ya dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche n'etiti asụsụ Semi-Bantu, na Talbot (1926) kwetara. Abraham (1933), onye mere ọmụmụ asụsụ zuru oke nke Tiv, kewara ya dị ka Bantu, na-ekwu na okwu ya yiri nke East African Nyanza nke asụsụ Bantu karịa Ekoi ma ọ bụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi. Malherbe (1933) kwenyere na Abraham na Tiv bụ n'ezie Bantu.^[1]

Ihe niile dị na Tiv yiri ka ọ na-egosi mgbasawanye na nso nso a, ikekwe na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na ise.^[4]

Ọdịdị

Tiv nwere klas aha itoolu.^[1]

Hụkwa

Ndị obodo Tiv
Ate-u-tiv, ụlọ ọdịnala Tiv eji eme oriri na nnọkọ

Edensibia

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Bohannan (2017-02-03). "Language", The Tiv of Central Nigeria: Western Africa (in en). Routledge. ISBN 9781315295794. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Sokpo (2016). An Autosegmental Analysis of Tiv Phonology.
↑ Bohannan (3 February 2017). The Tiv of Central Nigeria: Western Africa Part VIII. ISBN 9781315295794.
↑ Blench (June 2016). The Tivoid languages: overview and comparative wordlist.

R.C.Abraham, A Dictionary of the Tiv Language, Gọọmentị nke Naịjirịa 1940, nke Gregg Press Ltd., Farnborough, Hants., England bipụtara ọzọ 1968. ISBN 0576116157

Njikọ mpụga

Ihe ndị e ji okpukpe mee

Vidio na faịlụ ọdịyo, New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures Released na ihe ọmụmụ Bible ndị ọzọ n'asụsụ Tiv site n'aka Ndịàmà Jehova
Bible n'asụsụ tiv
Oziọma
Ihe nkiri Jizọs na tiv

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Bohannan (2017-02-03). "Language", The Tiv of Central Nigeria: Western Africa (in en). Routledge. ISBN 9781315295794. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[2] Sokpo (2016). An Autosegmental Analysis of Tiv Phonology.

[3] Bohannan (3 February 2017). The Tiv of Central Nigeria: Western Africa Part VIII. ISBN 9781315295794.

[4] Blench (June 2016). The Tivoid languages: overview and comparative wordlist.

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