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Donald F. White

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Donald F. White
mmádu
Ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
Mba o sịNjikota Obodo Amerika Dezie
Aha enyereDonald, F. Dezie
Aha ezinụlọ yaWhite Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya28 Mee 1908 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụKánada Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya23 Eprel 2002 Dezie
Ebe ọ nwụrụTroy Dezie
Ebe oliliColonie Dezie
Asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaEnglish Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụonye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, structural engineer, civil engineer Dezie
AgbụrụNdi Afrika nke Amerika Dezie
Kọwara na URLhttps://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203493120/african-american-architects-dreck-spurlock-wilson Dezie
 

Donald Frank White (1908 – 2002) bụ onye amuru Canada na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na injinia, sitere na agbụrụ Africa. [1] Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ojii mbụ debara aha na steeti Alabama (na 1935) na Michigan (na 1939). [2] Ọ bụbu onye mmekọ nke ụlọ ọrụ White & Griffin Architecture-Engineering Associates ; ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Giffels & Vallet, na Nathan Johnson & Associates . [3] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na 1950s maka gọọmentị United States n'ichepụta ihe owuwu na Liberia. [2] White bụ onye mbụ Black gụsịrị akwụkwọ na School of Architecture (ugbu a Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning) na Mahadum Michigan, ma na undergraduate na gụsịrị akwụkwọ mmemme. [4] Ọ bụ onye isi ojii mbụ na isi Detroit nke American Institute of Architects (AIA), na onye mbụ so na isi obodo. [4] [5]

Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ

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A mụrụ Donald Frank White na Mee 28, 1908 na Canada, ma zụlitere ya na Cicero, Illinois . [3] Nne na nna ya bụ Ada Perry na Ferry White, nna ya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe maka ebe a na-emepụta isi awọ . [3] Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Pontiac, Michigan mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Pontiac wee gụchaa na 1927. [3]

Ọ lụrụ Susie Taylor gburugburu 1936, ọ si Sparta, Georgia . [3] Ọ dịghị mgbe ha mụrụ ụmụ. [3] White gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ na architecture (1932) na Mahadum Michigan dị na Ann Arbor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye Africa mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba ahụ. [6]Piper (2019-07-15). The legacy of black architects in Detroit (en). Curbed Detroit. Vox Media, LLC. Archived from the original on 2024-05-21. Retrieved on 2023-09-07.</ref> [7] N'afọ 1934, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta sayensị nke Master na architecture site na Mahadum Michigan's Rackham School of Graduate Studies . [3] [7]

Ọrụ

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Site na 1931 ruo 1933, White tinyere aka dị ka onye enyemaka ubi n'okpuru Fredrick Earnest Giesecke . [3] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ogo gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1934, White sonyeere ngalaba na Tuskegee Institute (ugbu a Mahadum Tuskegee), na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nlekọta nke George L. Washington . [3] N'afọ sochirinụ, na 1935, ọ ghọrọ onye America mbụ na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ikike na Alabama. [3] Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Tuskegee Institute, White na-arụ ọrụ na Louis Edwin Fry Sr. iji chepụta ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị nso; gụnyere Alabama State Teacher's College (ugbu a Alabama State University) na Montgomery, na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Maka Ndị Ntị na Ugwu Meigs . [3]

Na 1939, White hapụrụ Tuskegee ma kwaga Detroit, ebe ọ mepere ihe omume onwe na Michigan Chronicle Building. [3] Ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ndị Africa America nwere ikike na Michigan na 1939. [3] Ọfịs ya goro ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ojii, ndị na-ese ihe, na ndị injinia, gụnyere Helen Eugenia Parker . [3] Na 1943–1944, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Wayne County Better Homes, Inc., ọrụ otu azụmahịa Booker T. Washington, ebe White haziri atụmatụ ala iri. [8] [9]

Na 1944, White sonyeere isi Detroit nke American Institute of Architects (AIA); na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye isi obodo ojii mbụ, yana ma nke abụọ [5] [10] ma ọ bụ onye otu mba Black nke atọ. [3] [4] N'afọ 1944, ọ ghọrọ onye injinia obodo na nhazi ụlọ edebanyere aha na steeti Michigan. [3] Ya na Francis Eugene Griffin jikọrọ aka n'etiti 1946 na 1968 iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ White & Griffin Architecture-Engineering Associates. [3] [11] O mechara rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Giffels & Vallet, na Nathan Johnson & Associates, Inc., ha abụọ na Detroit. [3]

White jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke National Technical Association site na 1949 ruo 1951, nzukọ a bụ ndị injinia America, ndị sayensị na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. [3] Ọ bụkwa onye so na Economic Club nke Detroit, National Society of Professional Engineers, NAACP, Albany Inter-Racial Council, na Booker T. Washington Business Association . [3]

Site na 1953 ruo 1958, White bụ osote onye isi nke ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na Harbel, Liberia. [3] Ọrụ a bụ njikọ aka n'etiti gọọmenti United States, ọchịchị Liberia, na Prairie View A&amp;M University iji mepụta Booker T. Washington Institute, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọrụ aka na-agbaso usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji nke United States. [3]

Site na 1952 ruo 1955, White rụrụ ọrụ na imewe maka akwa mmiri Tappan Zee . [4] Na 1958, ọ kwagara Troy, New York ka ọ bịaruo ezinụlọ nso. [3] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka Ngalaba Ọha Ọha na steeti New York na Albany, New York; mgbe ọ natachara ikikere steeti New York ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na injinia. [3] Ọ lara ezumike nká na 1968. Otú ọ dị mgbe ọ dị afọ 72, na 1980, ọ si na ezumike nká pụta ka ọ bụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ maka Ngalaba mmepe obodo Albany (na Albany, New York). [3] Ọ laghachiri ezumike nka ya na 1995.

Ọnwụ na ihe nketa

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White nwụrụ n'April 23, 2002 na Troy; E mere ozi ya na Fifth Avenue AME Zion Church na Troy, New York. [3]

Ọ bụrụla mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ojii mbụ na 1940 na 1950. [2] [6] [12] E hiwere mmekorita Donald F. White na 2003 na Mahadum Michigan, maka ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ije. [4] Akọwapụtara White na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographic Dictionary, 1865–1945 (2004).

Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ndị White dị na Detroit nke Black Bottom na Ndagwurugwu Paradaịs ka ebibiri na 1950s na 1960 n'oge ọrụ mmeghari ohuru nke obodo. [2]

  • 1931, Prairie View A&M College (ugbu a Prairie View A&amp;M University ) ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-edeba aha, Prairie View, Texas [3]
  • 1932, Prairie View A&M College dorms maka ndị nwoke na-alụbeghị di
  • 1933, Prairie View A&M College duplex, Prairie View, Texas
  • 1934, Tuskegee Institute (ugbu a Mahadum Tuskegee ) Chambliss Hotel alterations, Tuskegee, Alabama
  • 1934, Tuskegee Institute Cottage No. 34, Tuskegee, Alabama
  • c. 1934, Tuskegee Institute Kay Barn, Tuskegee, Alabama
  • c. 1934, Tuskegee Institute Russell Barn, Tuskegee, Alabama
  • c. 1934, Tuskegee Institute Tompkins Dining Hall, Tuskegee, Alabama
  • 1938, Sanitarium, Selma, Alabama
  • 1938, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mt. Meigs Maka Ndị Ntị, Ugwu Meigs, Alabama; dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ
  • 1940, mgbakwunye St. Stephens African Methodist Episcopal Church, Detroit, Michigan
  • 1944, Paradaịs Bowling Alley, Detroit, Michigan (bibiri n'ime ọkụ na 1950) [6]
  • 1944, Enyi Baptist Church Ụlọ Nzukọ, Detroit, Michigan
  • 1944, Milton Medical Clinic, Detroit, Michigan
  • 1950, Aịjalon Baptist Church, Detroit, Michigan [6]
  • 1954, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mahadum Lincoln, Jefferson City, Missouri; dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ
  • c. 1960, Rightway Baptist Church, Detroit, Michigan

Hụkwa

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  • African-American architects

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ "Negro Architects Pioneer In The Field In Michigan", The Michigan Chronicle, 1939-11-25, pp. 2. Retrieved on 2023-09-08.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Tribou (2020-02-17). Donald White, Michigan's first licensed black architect, broke new ground (en). Michigan Radio NPR. Retrieved on 2023-09-07.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Wilson (March 2004). "Donald Frank White (1908–2002)", African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (in en). Routledge, 600–604. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Donald Frank White (1908–2002)". African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945. Routledge. pp. 600–604. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Fitzgerald (2003). Portico: Annual Report to Alumni, University of Michigan College of Architecture and Urban Planning (in en), The College of Architecture and Urban Planning, 20–21. 
  5. 1 2 "Donald F. White Becomes Member of AIA Group", The Michigan Chronicle, 1944-02-26, pp. 10. Retrieved on 2023-09-08."Donald F. White Becomes Member of AIA Group". The Michigan Chronicle. 1944-02-26. p. 10. Retrieved 2023-09-08 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Piper (2019-07-15). The legacy of black architects in Detroit (en). Curbed Detroit. Vox Media, LLC. Archived from the original on 2024-05-21. Retrieved on 2023-09-07.
  7. 1 2 (1939) The Michigan Alumnus (in en). Alumni Association of the University of Michigan., 380. 
  8. ↑ "Construction Moving Fast on New Homes", The Michigan Chronicle, 1943-12-04, pp. 20. Retrieved on 2023-09-08.
  9. ↑ "Donald F. White Has New Office Location", The Michigan Chronicle, 1944-01-29, pp. 2. Retrieved on 2023-09-08.
  10. ↑ (1969) Race Relations: A Monthly Summary of Events and Trends (in en). Negro Universities Press, 17. 
  11. ↑ "Architects Move To New Headquarters", The Detroit Tribune, 1948-02-07, pp. 5. Retrieved on 2023-09-08.
  12. ↑ Green. "Nathan Johnson, Modernist Architect of Black Churches, Dies at 96", The New York Times, 2021-11-22. Retrieved on 2023-09-07. (in en-US)
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