Paul Watson

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Paul Watson
Mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịKánada Dezie
aha n'asụsụ obodoPaul Watson Dezie
Aha ọmụmụPaul Franklin Watson Dezie
Aha enyerePaul, Franklin Dezie
aha ezinụlọ yaWatson Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya2 Disemba 1950 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụToronto Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee Dezie
convicted ofcomplicity (Norwegian law) Dezie
onye were ọrụCanadian Coast Guard, Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa, Greenpeace Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọSimon Fraser University Dezie
IjeMgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi, conservation movement Dezie
Ihe nriteRobert Capa Gold Medal, Jules Verne Award Dezie
webụsaịtịhttps://seashepherd.fr/ Dezie

Paul Franklin Watson (amụrụ na Disemba 2, 1950) bụ onye Canada-America naahụ maka nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi, onye guzobere Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Conservation Society, otu naemegide ịchụ nta nazighị ezi naelekwasị anya na nchekwa mmiri. Atụmatụ ndị Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri ji mee ihe dọtara ndị mmegide, ebe gọọmentị Japan na Greenpeace boro ndị otu ahụ ebubo iyi ọha egwu.[1][2][3] Watson bụ nwa amaala Canada na United States.

Nwa amaala Toronto sonyeere ngagharị iwe Sierra Club megide nnwale nuklia na 1969. Nihi na Watson rụrụ ụka maka atụmatụ nke ime ihe kpọmkwem nke naemegide nkọwa Greenpeace nke enweghị ime ihe ike, a chụpụrụ ya na bọọdụ ahụ na 1977. Otú ọ dị, Greenpeace ekwuola na Watson bụ onye otu mbụ nwere mmetụta, mana ọ bụghị otu nime ndị guzobere Greenpeace.[4] Notu afọ ahụ, o guzobere Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Society. Otu ahụ bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi nke a naakpọ Whale Wars.

Ọ naakwalite veganism, mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na biocentric, karịa anthropocentric, echiche ụwa.[5][6]

Ọrụ Watson emeela ka ndị ọchịchị na mba ndị gụnyere United States, Canada, Norway, Costa Rica na Japan mee ihe nụzọ iwu.[7] E jidere ya na Germany na arịrịọ nke Costa Rica na Mee 2012. E nyere ọkwa Interpol na Septemba 14, 2012, na arịrịọ nke Japan na Costa Rica.[8]

Mgbe ọ nọrọ noké osimiri ruo ọnwa 15 mgbe ọ gbapụrụ na Germany, ebe a tọhapụrụ ya na mgbapụta, ọ laghachiri na Los Angeles na mbubreyo October 2013, naaga site na omenala na "ejideghị ya". Ọ pụtara nihu ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe US na Nọvemba 6, 2013, naekwu na ya ma ọ bụ Sea Shepherd Conservation Society emebighị iwu 2012 nke chọrọ ka ha hapụ naanị ụgbọ mmiri whaling. Ọ bụ ezie na United States bụ onye naedebanye aha na Interpol, Watson ejidebeghị maka ibuga Japan ma ọ bụ Costa Rica. Ọ naebi na Vermont, naede akwụkwọ. Ọ nọ na Paris ka ọnwa Julaị 1, 2014, mana ọ lọghachila United States kemgbe.

Na Machị 2019, Costa Rica wepụrụ ebubo niile megide Watson ma wepụ ọkwa uhie nke Interpol.[9]

Mbido na ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Dị ka Sea Shepherd Conservation Society si kwuo, Paul Watson mụrụ na Toronto nye Anthony Joseph Watson na Annamarie Larsen, ma tolite na St. Andrews, New Brunswick, ya na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ na ụmụnne atọ. Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ bụ onye otu n'ime ọgbakọ obiọma, bụ nke o kwuru na ọ kụziiri ya ka ọ "naasọpụrụ na ịgbachitere anụmanụ". Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye ndu njem na Expo 67, ngosi ngosi ụwa nke mere na Montreal na 1967, Watson kwagara Vancouver.

Dị ka Sea Shepherd Conservation Society si kwuo, na 1968 na mmalite 1970s, ọ sonyeere ndị Canada Coast Guard, ebe ọ naeje ozi nụgbọ mmiri ihu igwe, nchọta na nnapụta, na ihe nrịbama. Ọ debanyere aha dị ka onye naanya ụgbọ mmiri na 1969 na ndị Consulate Norwegian na Vancouver wee bupu nụgbọ mmiri 30,000 ton Bris dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Edebara aha Bris ahụ na Oslo, Norway, ma gosipụta ya maka azụmaahịa India na Pacific. Nafọ 1972, o si na San Francisco si na San Francisco pụta na ụgbọ mmiri Sweden bụ Jarl R. Trapp naebu ton 35,000 wee gosipụta maka ahia mmiri India na Pacific.

Watson nwere otu nwa nwanyị, Lilliolani (amụrụ nafọ 1980), ya na nwunye mbụ ya, Starlet Lum, onye bụ onye isi nke Greenpeace Quebec, Earthforce!, Project Wolf, na Sea Shepherd.[10][11] Nwunye ya nke abụọ, Lisa Distefano, onye bụbu onye naeme ihe nkiri Playboy, bụ onye isi ọrụ nke Sea Shepherd n'oge mkpọsa Makah naemegide igbu whale na Friday Harbor. Nwunye ya nke atọ, Allison Lance, bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ na onye ọrụ afọ ofufo nke Sea Shepherd. Watson nwere ụmụ ụmụ abụọ.[12][13][14] Watson lụrụ nwunye ya nke anọ Yana Rusinovich na Febụwarị 14, 2015, na Paris.[15] Watson na Rusinovich nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ.[16]

Watson gbara ọsọ maka ndị omeiwu na ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke Canada ugboro abụọ.[17]

Mgbalị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Afọ ndị mbụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nọnwa Ọktoba nafọ 1969, Watson sonyeere Sierra Club naeme ngagharị iwe megide nnwale nuklia na Amchitka Island. Otu nke e guzobere n'ihi ngagharị iwe ahụ bụ Don't Make a Wave Committee, nke ghọrọ otu a maara taa dị ka Greenpeace.[18] Na mbido afọ 1970, Watson naarụkwa ọrụ na Vancouver Liberation Front na Vancouver Yippies.[19] Watson ji ụgbọ mmiri dị ka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace Too! nafọ 1971 wee bụrụ onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace Astral nafọ 1972.[20][21] Paul Watson gara n'ihu dị ka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, onye isi ụgbọ mmiri, na onye isi ụgbọ elu n'ọtụtụ njem Greenpeace n'etiti afọ ndị 1970.

Dị ka The New Yorker, The New York Times, na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ si kwuo, Watson bụ onye guzobere Greenpeace, mana nzukọ ahụ naagọnahụ nke a naekwu na ọ "bụ onye otu mbụ nwere mmetụta ma ọ bụghị, dịka ọ naekwu mgbe ụfọdụ, onye guzobere".[22][23][24][25] Greenpeace naazọrọ na Watson sonyeere Greenpeace na njem Amchitka ya, nke ha naazọ na ọ bụ njem nke abụọ ha, mana Paul Watson na-azụta na nke a bụ nzukọ mbụ nke Greenpeace.[26]

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A zụrụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ nke Sea Shepherd, Sea Shepherd na Disemba 1978 site n'enyemaka nke Fund for Animals na Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.[20] Noge naadịghị anya, Sea Shepherd guzobere onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime òtù ndị na-ese okwu na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a maara maka usoro mmegide na-akpali akpali. Atụmatụ ndị a gụnyere ịtụba ihe nelu ụgbọ mmiri ndị naegbu whale, iji "prop foulers" na mgbalị imebi ụgbọ mmiri, ịbanye ụgbọ mmiri ndị a naegbu egbu whale, na ịkụtu ụgbọ mmiri abụọ nọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Iceland.[27] Na Jenụwarị 2013, Watson hapụrụ ọkwa onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri Steve Irwin.[28] Nzukọ ahụ na ọrụ ya iji kwụsị igbu whale bụ ihe a naelekwasị anya na usoro ihe nkiri TV, Whale Wars, nke a naegosi na Animal Planet.

Nafọ 2010, Watson nonwe ya natara ihe karịrị $ 120,000 site na Sea Shepherd.[29]

Nihi nsogbu iwu naarịwanye elu, Watson kwụsịrị dị ka onye isi nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society na 2013, iji mezuo iwu naegbochi ya ịnọ nso na ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan. Mgbe ngwọta nke okwu iwu metụtara ụlọ ọrụ Japan maka nyocha Cetacean, Watson laghachiri dị ka onye isi oche nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society na onye isi nke ụgbọ mmiri Sea Shepherd.[30]

Ihe omume ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Watson bụ onye nnọchi anya ndị na-ahụ maka anụ ọhịa site na 1976 ruo 1980 na onye nnọchianya maka Fund for Animals site na 1978 ruo 1981.[20] Watson bụkwa onye guzobere Friends of the Wolf na Earthforce Environmental Society.[20]

N'ime afọ 1980, Watson kwupụtara nkwado ya maka Earth First! ma zụlite ọbụbụenyi ya na David Foreman na Edward Abbey. O kwupụtara na Sea Shepherd bụ "ụgbọ mmiri" nke Earth First! Dị ka The New Yorker si kwuo, Watson weghachiri omume nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke ịpị osisi.

Watson rụrụ ọrụ na Green Party nke British Columbia na Vancouver na 1980s na 90s.[31] Ọ gbara ọsọ maka ịbụ onye isi obodo n'afọ 1996, bụrụ onye nke anọ.[32]

Nọnwa Eprel afọ 2003, a họpụtara Watson ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nke Sierra Club maka afọ atọ.[33] Nafọ 2006, ọ chọghị ka a họpụta ya ọzọ. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na bọọdụ otu ọnwa tupu oge ya agwụ, iji mee mkpesa megide nkwado nke nzukọ ahụ maka asọmpi edemede "Ihe mere m ji achụ nta".[34]

Na Jenụwarị 2008, The Guardian kpọrọ Paul Watson aha dịka otu n'ime "ndị 50 nwere ike ịzọpụta mbara ala" maka ọrụ nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.[35]

Ihe odide banyere ime ihe ike[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Watson bipụtara Earthforce!, ntuziaka maka atụmatụ maka ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na 1993.[36] Nime ya, ọ kwadoro usoro nke "mkpịsị nkịta" nke Dave Foreman na Edward Abbey kọwara na mbụ.[37][38] Dị ka Foreman si kwuo na Eco-Defense - The Field Guide to Monkey-Wrenching - ndị a bụ usoro nke imebi ihe, ọrụ nzuzo, na ime ihe kpọmkwem.[39] Watson naekwu na o tinyere ahụmịhe nke onwe ya n'ide akwụkwọ ahụ.[40]

N'ike Ụwa! Onye nduzi nke Earth Warrior to Strategy, Watson gosipụtara nlelị maka eziokwu nke mgbasa ozi:

Ọdịdị nke mgbasa ozi taa bụ nke na eziokwu adịghị mkpa. Ihe bụ eziokwu na ihe ziri ezi nye ọha na eze bụ ihe mgbasa ozi kọwapụtara dị ka eziokwu na nke ziri ezi. Ronald Reagan ghọtara na eziokwu ndị ahụ adịghị mkpa. Ndị mgbasa ozi kọrọ ihe o kwuru dị ka eziokwu. Nnyocha naesote bụ "akụkọ ochie". Nkwupụta isi okwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ Mọnde karịrị mkpughe nke ezighị ezi ekpughere na obere igbe dị n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ na Tuesday ma ọ bụ Wednesday.[41]

Watson kwuru nụzọ doro anya banyere ihe ọ ghọtara na ọ bụ enweghị eziokwu na mgbasa ozi: "Ọ bụrụ na ị maghị azịza, eziokwu, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, mgbe ahụ, soro ihe nlereanya nke onye isi ala America ma mee dị ka Ronald Reagan mere - mee ya ozugbo ma nyefee ozi ahụ nenweghị obi ike na n'enweghị mgbagha. "[42][43] Nakwụkwọ sochirinụ, Ocean Warrior, Watson gbasaa n'echiche a, naekwu, sị: "Ịdị ndụ na omenala mgbasa ozi pụtara ịzụlite nkà iji ghọta ma chịkwaa mgbasa ozi iji nweta ebumnuche atụmatụ".[44] Nafọ 2007, Watson kọwara echiche ya banyere nchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa na ọdịnihu maka ụmụ mmadụ nihi ọrụ ha na mkpochapụ Holocene, nke ọ naezo aka na ya dị ka "ihe omume igbu onwe onye nke Holocenic hominid":

Taa, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ naarịwanye elu agafeela ikike ibu zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ugbu a na-emepụta nnukwu ihe siri ike, mmiri, na ihe mkpofu gas [.Ọ dịghị obodo mmadụ kwesịrị ibu karịa mmadụ 20,000 ma kewapụ ya na obodo ndị ọzọ site na mpaghara ọzara [.] Anyị kwesịrị iji nlezianya belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ruo ihe naerughị otu ijeri [.] Ịgwọ ọrịa kansa chọrọ ọgwụgwọ siri ike na nke naawakpo, ya mere, ịgwọ biosphere nke nje mmadụ ga-achọkwa ụzọ siri ike naawawakpo [.Ònye kwesịrị inwe ụmụ? Ndị naahụ maka ọrụ ma naetinye onwe ha kpamkpam nọrụ nke bụ nezie obere pasent nke ụmụ mmadụ.[45]

Arụmụka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nkewapụ ya na Greenpeace[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Paul Watson gara nihu dị ka onye ọrụ, onye isi, na onye isi ụgbọ mmiri (na 1972) nọtụtụ njem Greenpeace netiti afọ ndị 1970. Ọ naewere onwe ya dị ka onye guzobere Greenpeace na Greenpeace International, ihe Greenpeace naese okwu nagbanyeghị na a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ihe ngosi ahụ, How to Change the World nke naegosi na Watson bụ nezie otu[46] nime ndị guzobere Green Peace.[47][48] Watson boro Greenpeace ebubo na ha naede akụkọ ihe mere eme ha.[47]

Nafọ 1977, a chụpụrụ Watson na bọọdụ ndị nduzi nke Greenpeace site na votu nke 11 na 1 (Watson nonwe ya tụbara otu vootu megide ya).[49][50] Ndị otu ahụ chere na àgwà ya siri ike, "ihu na etiti" ma naekwukarị mmegide na nkọwa Greenpeace nke "enweghị ime ihe ike" bụ nkewa.[51] Watson mechara hapụ otu ahụ. Kemgbe ahụ, otu ahụ akpọwo omume ya n'oge ahụ dị ka nke "onye nnupụisi" n'ime ha.[52][53] Notu afọ ahụ, o guzobere otu nke ya, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.[54]

Noge a gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ na CBC Radio nafọ 1978, Watson kwuru okwu megide Greenpeace (yana òtù ndị ọzọ) na ọrụ ha na ebumnuche ha maka mkpọsa mgbochi akara.[55] Watson boro òtù ndị a ebubo na ha naeme mkpọsa megide ịchụ nta seal nke Canada nihi na ọ bụ ụzọ dị mfe iji nweta ego ma bụrụ onye naeme uru maka òtù ndị ahụ.[55]

Greenpeace akpọwo Watson onye naeme ihe ike ma ọ gaghịzi ekwu maka ọrụ ya.[1]

Ebubo na ikpe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mara Watson ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị iri ma kwụọ ya $ 8,000 maka omume ya noge ngagharị iwe maka ịchụ nta seal na Canada na 1980, mgbe a mara ya ikpe maka ịwakpo onye ọrụ ịkụ azụ. Watson jere ozi ya na Her Majesty's Penitentiary, St. John's, Newfoundland na Labrador. A chọpụtakwara na ikpe mara ya nokpuru Iwu Nchedo Seal maka ite ụmụ nkịta seal naacha uhie uhie iji mee ka akpụkpọ ha ghara ịdị ọnụ ahịa.[56] E jidere Watson na 1993 na Canada maka ebubo sitere na mmegide megide ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ Cuban na Spanish n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Newfoundland.[57] Nafọ 1997, ụlọ ikpe dị na Lofoten, Norway, mara Watson ikpe n'enweghị onye ọ bụla ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị 120 maka ebubo nke ịnwa imebi obere ụgbọ mmiri Norwegian naegbu azụ na igbu whale Nybrænna na Disemba 26, 1992.[58][59] Ndị ọchịchị Dutch jụrụ inyefe ya naka ndị ọchịchị Norway ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọrọ ụbọchị 80 nlọ mkpọrọ na Netherlands naechere mkpebi maka ịnyefe ya tupu a tọhapụ ya.[58]

Enweghị mgbalị ọ bụla gara nke ọma nịkụ Watson ikpe maka ọrụ ya na Sea Shepherd kemgbe ikpe ahụ na Newfoundland. Watson naagbachitere omume ya dị ka nke dabara nime iwu mba ụwa, ọkachasị ikike Sea Shepherd nwere itinye iwu ụgbọ mmiri megide ndị naegbu whale na ndị naachụ seal nụzọ iwu naakwadoghị.[60]

Paul Watson na-eduga ngagharị iwe megide igbu whale Makah, Port Angeles, Washington, 1998.

Ndị naeme ngagharị iwe na Sea Shepherd Rod Coronado na David Howitt gara Iceland na 1986 wee kụtuo ụgbọ mmiri abụọ naegbu whale na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Reykjavík ma mebie ụlọ ọrụ naemepụta anụ whale. Watson weere ọrụ maka ọrụ ahụ, naagbaso ụkpụrụ Sea Shepherd e bipụtara.[61] Ọ gara Iceland naekwu, "Abụ m ọrụ maka ọrụ niile a naeme naha Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Ana m enye iwu".[62] A chụpụrụ ya nbughị ya ebubo ma Iceland naewere ya dị ka onye na-adịghị mma.[63][64]

Nọnwa Eprel afọ 2010, ndị naeche nche nụsọ oké osimiri nke Japan nwetara akwụkwọ ikike ijide Watson "...nihi ebubo nke inye iwu ka e mebie ọrụ megide ụgbọ mmiri naegbu whale nke Japan", Interpol edepụtara ya dịka achọrọ ya na arịrịọ nke Japan.[65] Nkwupụta uhie ahụ nwere ebubo ndị Japan nyere dị ka, "Nkebi n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, mmebi nke ihe onwunwe, mgbochi siri ike nke azụmahịa, mmerụ ahụ".[66] Nọnwa Machị afọ 2012, Interpol wepụtara "nkwupụta edere na mba 190 niile so na ya naeme ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị ebipụta Red Notice" maka njide Watson, mana ọ gbanwere ọnọdụ ahụ na Septemba afọ 2012.[67][68] Nime nkwupụta abụọ ahụ, Interpol kwuru na "Red Notice abụghị akwụkwọ ikike ijide mba ụwa" na ọ bụ "arịrịọ maka mba ọ bụla iji mata ma ọ bụ chọta onye ọ bụla iji jide ma nyefee ya dịka iwu mba ahụ si dị".

Ihe ịrịba ama na-akpọ maka iwepụ ebubo megide Watson

Nọnwa Mee afọ 2012, ndị ọchịchị Germany jidere Watson nọdụ ụgbọ elu Frankfurt nihi arịrịọ sitere naka gọọmentị Costa Rica. Ebubo ahụ sitere na esemokwu dị noké osimiri nafọ 2002 nke Sea Shepherd kwuru na ụgbọ mmiri nke ọzọ naeme ka ụgbụ ụgbụ naakwadoghị na mmiri Guatemala. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ọzọ boro Sea Shepherd ebubo ịnwa igbu ha.[69][70] E boro Watson ebubo imebi iwu ụgbọ mmiri site na ịdọ aka ná ntị Interpol na-ekwu ebubo ahụ dị ka peligro de naufragio ("ihe ize ndụ nke ụgbọ mmiri").[71][72] Esemokwu ahụ mere n'oge a na-ese ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri Sharkwater ma ndị ọkàiwu wepụrụ ebubo ahụ mgbe egosiri vidiyo nke ihe omume ahụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri mere. Na Mee 21, a tọhapụrụ Watson na mgbapụta nke € 250,000 mana achọrọ ka ọ kọọrọ ndị uwe ojii na Frankfurt kwa ụbọchị.[73][74] N'ọnwa Juun, Costa Rica rịọrọ ka e nyefee Watson na Germany.[75] Na Julaị 19, 2012, Japan tinyere akwụkwọ maka iwu mgbapụta ma Watson hapụrụ Germany, nke mere ka ụlọ ikpe Germany nye iwu ka e jide ya ozugbo.[76][77][78] A ghọtara na iwu nke njedebe na ebubo Costa Rican ya ga-agwụ na June 2013.[79] N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Interpol megharịrị Red Notice maka Watson na ebubo nke "ịkpata ihe ize ndụ nke mmiri ma ọ bụ ọdachi ụgbọelu" nke Costa Rica setịpụrụ.[80] A kọrọ na Watson ga-esi na nzuzo pụta iji sonyere Sea Shepherd na mkpọsa 2012-13 megide igbu whale na Japan.[81] Watson laghachiri na ndị ọrụ nke Steve Irwin na South Pacific na ngwụcha Nọvemba 2012.[82] Na Machị 2019, Costa Rica wepụrụ ebubo niile megide Watson ma wepụ ọkwa uhie nke Interpol.[9]

Ọnọdụ mbata nke Sierra Club[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 1999, Watson gbara ọsọ na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka ntuli aka na Sierra Club Board of Directors nke mba ahụ, na nkwado nke otu Sierrans na-emegide ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ maka US Population Stabilization (SUSPS).[83] Mgbe a họpụtara ya na bọọdụ na 2003, Watson kwadoro ndepụta na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma nke ndị na-akwado nchịkwa mbata na ọpụpụ siri ike dị ka akụkụ nke iwu nkwụsi ike nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Onye ọzọ na-azọ ọkwa na ntuli aka ahụ, Morris Dees nke Southern Poverty Law Center, katọrọ mgbalị a dị ka "nnukwu mmegide" nke "ndị na-emegide ndị mbịarambịa".[84] Watson zaghachiri site n'ikwu na naanị mgbanwe ọ na-achọ n'ọnọdụ mbata nke nzukọ ahụ bụ iweghachi ọnọdụ ọ nwere tupu "iwu nnọpụiche" ya na 1996.[85] Watson hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Sierra Club n'afọ 2006.[86]

Ọrụ mgbochi akara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, Watson kwuru na, ọ bụ ezie na ọnwụ nke ndị Canada atọ na-achụ nta seal (nke anọ ka na-efu) n'ihe mberede mmiri metụtara ụgbọ mmiri Canadian Coast Guard na ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ n'oge 2008 Canadian Commercial Seal Hunt bụ ọdachi, o chere na igbu ọtụtụ narị puku seal bụ ọdachi ka ukwuu. Minista na-ahụ maka ịkụ azụ na Canada Loyola Hearn boro Watson ebubo na ọ na-eme ka ncheta nke ndị na-egbu egbu ghara ịdị mfe. Watson zaghachiri na Hearn na-anwa ịdọpụ uche n'enweghị ike nke gọọmentị ya ka ụgbọ mmiri ndị ikom ahụ nọ na ya tụgharịrị mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ndị nche mmiri nke Canada na-adọkpụ ya, ebe ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya nọgidere na-akwado ma na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị ebe na narị afọ nke 21.[87] N'afọ 1978, Watson gosipụtara mmegide megide nzukọ nnupụisi ịchụ nta, na-atụ aro n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Barbara Frum nke CBC na ịchekwa akara bụ ihe dị ọnụ ala ma dị mfe ịnakọta ego nakwa na akara ekwesịghị ọnọdụ pụrụ iche karịa ụdị ndị ọzọ. Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams kwuru, sị, "Echere m na ihe ọtụtụ ndị na-amaghị bụ na nwoke a bụ onye na-eyi ọha egwu".[88][89]

Nsogbu visa Australia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2009, Watson, onye naebu paspọtụ US, mere mkpesa na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi banyere ịjụ arịrịọ ya maka visa Australia.[90] Ọ naekwu na gọọmentị Australia naanwa imebi mkpọsa Sea Shepherd nke 2010 naabịanụ site nịjụ ya ịbanye na mba ahụ. Watson na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ enweghị ike isonyere Steve Irwin na njem nkwalite ya na Australia ruo mgbe ha nwere ike inye akwụkwọ sitere na gọọmentị nke United States, Canada na Norway, naewepụ ha nomume ime ihe ike a naekwu na mbụ, ọkachasị nkwupụta nke Sea Shepherd nke ịkpachara anya naemikpu ụgbọ mmiri na Norway.[91][92][93][94] Na Jenụwarị 2013, ndị Krautungalung nke Ginai Nation nyere Paul Watson paspọtụ Aboriginal.[95]

Ihe a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ịgba égbè[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Paul Watson na ndị ọrụ Farley Mowat na 2005

Na Machị 17, 2008, Watson kwuru na ndị ọrụ Japan ma ọ bụ ndị naeche nche nụsọ oké osimiri gbara ya égbè noge Operation Migaloo na-emegide igbu whale na Southern Ocean. A na-edekọ ihe omume ahụ noge oge ikpeazụ nke oge 1 nke ihe ngosi Whale Wars TV, a na-ekpuchi ihe omume isii mbụ dị ka ihe naeme ka ihe ngosi dị ka isi ihe mere noge mkpọsa ahụ. Ndị Japan zaghachiri site na ịtụ bọmbụ grenade, otu onye ọrụ ahụ merụrụ ahụ site na bọmbụ naagbawa n'azụ ya na onye ọzọ merụrụ ahụ naagbalị ịgbanahụ mgbawa ahụ.[96] A naegosi Watson ka ọ na-abanye n'ime jaket ya na ihe agha ahụ ya ma naekwu "A kụrụ m". Laa azụ n'ime àkwà mmiri nke Steve Irwin, a hụrụ iberibe ígwè n'ime uwe elu ahụ.[97]

Ụlọ ọrụ naahụ maka nyocha Cetacean naagbagha nkwupụta Sea Shepherd. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ndị naeche nche nụsọ oké osimiri kwuru na ha jiri grenade asaa mee ihe iji mee ka onye a naachọ daa mbà ruo nwa oge site nime ka ha kpuru ìsì ma kpọọ nkụ ruo oge ụfọdụ.[96] Gọọmentị Japan kwukwara na ndị naegbu whale na-agbapụ "ụgbọ ụzụ", nke a kọwara dị ka "ihe mgbochi mgbawa naegbuke egbuke".[98] Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla nime akụkọ abụọ ahụ naemegiderịta onwe ha ka a kwadoro. Ngalaba naahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi nke Australia katọrọ "omume ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla naakpata mmerụ ahụ". E wepụtara mgbasa ozi abụọ n'otu ụbọchị site nọfịs ahụ. Otu kwuru na ndị Japan gwara ndị nnọchi anya Australia nọ na Tokyo na ndị naegbu whale "gburu égbè ịdọ aka ná ntị" ebe mbipụta emelitere jiri okwu ahụ bụ "'ịdọ aka ná aka ná ntị' - nke a makwaara dị ka 'flashbangs' - agbaala ya égbè.[99][100]

Ebubo nke iyi ọha egwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Gọọmentị Japan akpọwo Watson onye naeyi ọha egwu gburugburu ebe obibi maka usoro mmegide ya megide ndị naegbu whale, ọ kwughachikwara ọnọdụ ya mgbe esemokwu gasịrị noge oge igbu whale nke 2009-10.[1]

Na mgbakọ naahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ nafọ 2002, e hotara Paul Watson ka ọ naekwu, "Ọ dịghị ihe dị njọ na ịbụ onye naeyi ọha egwu, ọ bụrụhaala na ị meriri. Mgbe ahụ ị naede akụkọ ihe mere eme".[101] Nafọ 2010, onye naakọwa Fox News bụ Glenn Beck kwurịtakwara nkọwa ahụ, na-akatọ echiche Watson.[102] Watson zaghachiri ihe Beck kwuru na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sea Shepherd site nikwu na o kwuru na nke ahụ mana ewepụrụ ya nihe gbara ya gburugburu, na-ehota Gerald Seymour's "Otu nwoke na-eyi ọha egwu bụ onye agha nnwere onwe ọzọ".[103]

Nkwupụta naesote ala ọma jijiji na tsunami na 2011 Tohoku[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A katọrọ Watson maka uri ya bipụtara ozugbo naesote ala ọma jijiji na tsunami nke Tōhoku nke afọ 2011 nke tụrụ aro na ọdachi ahụ bụ iwe Neptune. Watson zaghachiri ndị nkatọ site na nkọwa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sea Shepherd naekwupụta "nchegbu miri emi na ọmịiko maka ndị Japan naata ahụhụ site na otu nime ọdachi okike kachasị njọ nakụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepeanya".[104][105]

Nkatọ nke New Zealand[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2013, ụgbọ mmiri atọ nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society kwụsịrị na New Zealand, ndị ọchịchị New Zealand chọkwara ha iji hụ ma Watson nọ nụgbọ ahụ. Ọ bụghị, ebe ọ gafere nụgbọ mmiri ọzọ dị na mmiri mba ụwa, ka ọ maara na a chọrọ ka New Zealand gwa Interpol ma ọ bụrụ na ọ banye na mba ahụ. Watson katọrọ ọchụchọ ahụ, na-ebo New Zealand ebubo na ọ naakwado Japan nokwu nke igbu whale na Southern Ocean.[106]

Nkewa site na Sea Shepherd[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na Septemba 3, 2022, Watson kwupụtara na ọ naahapụ Sea Shepherd ma guzobe otu nzukọ ọhụrụ, Captain Paul Watson Foundation na onye ọrụ ibe ya na enyi ya, Omar Todd. Watson kwuru "ihe mere m ji kpọọ ya nke ahụ bụ nihi na ọ naesiri onye ọ bụla ike ịbanye ma weghara otu nzukọ nke gụnyere aha m".[107][108] Na Disemba 2022 ntọala ahụ kwupụtara ụgbọ mmiri mbụ ha, 'John Paul Dejoria II'.[109][110]

Mmeghachi omume na mmeghachi omume[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Watson ekwuola na ọ naghị ele onwe ya anya dị ka 'onye naeme ngagharị iwe', kama ọ bụ onye na'etinye aka', ebe ọ naele ime ngagharị iwe anya dị ka onye na-edo onwe ya nokpuru.[111] Ọ naemekarị ka ọ naanọchite anya (ma ọ bụ naanọchi anya) mmanye iwu nke naachọghị ma ọ bụ na ọ nweghị ike itinye iwu ndị dị ugbu a n'ọrụ.

A na-akpọ ụdị idu ndú ya dị mpako, yana ịkwanye onwe ya "ihu na etiti", nke a kpọtụrụ aha dị ka otu nime ihe kpatara ịchụpụ ya na Greenpeace. E jiri ikuku dị nụgbọ mmiri ya tụnyere "ọgba aghara nke Chineke naachị".

Onye bụbu onye otu Sea Shepherd na onye isi ụgbọ mmiri MY Ady Gil Pete Bethune kọwara Watson dị ka "onye dara ogbenye" onye gaenye iwu ka a kpachara anya kpuo ụgbọ mmiri ya dị ka Ady Gil dị ka ụzọ isi "nweta ọmịiko nebe ọha na eze nọ ma mepụta TV ka mma". Watson gọnahụrụ nke a, naekwu, "Ọ dịghị onye nyere ya iwu ka ọ tụfuo ya. Pete Bethune bụ onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri Ady Gil; mkpebi niile gbasara Ady Gil bụ nke ya.[112]

Onyinye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Paul Watson natara onyinye Jules Verne na Ọktoba 10, 2012. Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ naesote Captain Jacques Cousteau ka a naasọpụrụ ya na Jules Verne Award raara nye ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị njem.[113] Na June 28, 2010, Paul natara Asociación de Amigos del Museo de Anclas Philippe Cousteau: Defense of Marine Life Award, iji kwado uru ya nwetara site na ọrụ ọ rụrụ na nchekwa nke ndụ mmiri.[114] Nafọ 2002, a kpọbatara Paul na US Animal Rights Hall of Fame maka onyinye ya pụtara ìhè maka nnwere onwe anụmanụ.[115] Paul natara George H. W. Bush Daily Points of Light Award na 1999 na 2000, a kpọrọ ya otu nime Time Magazine's Top 20 Environmental Heroes of the 20th Century.[116] Na Mee 23, 2019, Paul Watson natara otuto site naka Gọvanọ Connecticut Ned Lamont na-ekwu na "State of Connecticut nyere ma nsọpụrụ na nkwanye ùgwù nye Captain Paul Watson".[117] Nafọ 2007, Watson natara Amazon Peace Prize nke osote onye isi ala nke Ecuador Lenin Moreno nyere.[118]

Nkọwa mgbasa ozi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ron Colby mepụtara ihe ndekọ akụkọ ndụ banyere mmalite ndụ Paul Watson nke akpọrọ Pirate for the Sea na 2008.[119][120][121] Ihe ngosi 2008 At the Edge of the World kọrọ banyere mbọ Watson na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 45 naagba iji gbochie ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan naegbu whale na mmiri ndị gbara Antarctica gburugburu. Nafọ 2010, enyi ogologo oge na onye naeme ihe nkiri Peter Brown wepụtara ihe ngosi Confessions of an Eco-Terrorist, anya mkparị na afọ 30 gara aga.[122] Ihe ngosi Eco-Pirate: Akụkọ Paul Watson site na 2011 gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ na ihe nkiri na ndị otu Greenpeace Rex Weyler na Patrick Moore.[123]

Watson, Whale Wars, na ụlọ ọrụ naegbu whale na Japan ka e mere ka ha bụrụ ihe mkparị na South Park "Whale Whores". Nihe ngosi Larry King ya, a kpọrọ Watson nonwe ya "Onye akwụna mgbasa ozi naenweghị ike nke chere na ọ naagha ụgha nye onye ọ bụla dị mma ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ naọrụ ya" na "Onye ụgha naagba afa, onye naarịa ọrịa ọgwụ ọjọọ naenweghị ntụkwasị obi".[124] Watson zaghachiri na ihe omume South Park site nikwu; "Nghọta m bụ na Praịm Minista Japan enweghị obi ụtọ na ndị naegbu whale na ndị naegbu dolphin naewe iwe nụzọ e si gosipụta ha, "Watson kwuru. "Nke ahụ bụ egwu nye ntị m. Ọ bụrụ na ndị naegbu whale naenweghị ọchị na ndị na'ụlọ akụ nke ndị na igbu dolphin enweghị mmasị na ihe ngosi ahụ, mgbe ahụ, nke ahụ bụ ihe niile m chọrọ iji kụọ ya aka.[125]

E gosipụtara Watson (ya na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ whale, Nan Hauser), noge ihe omume 60 Minutes nke gosipụtara na 2013, dị ka onye naenye aka nịlaghachi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ whale Humpback na South Pacific.[126]

Ihe nkiri 2019 bụ Watson, nke Lesley Chilcott duziri, gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Watson. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtakwara na Animal Planet na Disemba 22, 2019.[127][128]

Ndepụta nke ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Sea Shepherd: My Fight for Whales and Seals (1981) ( )
  • Ike Ụwa! Akwụkwọ Nduzi nke Onye Agha Ụwa Maka Atụmatụ (1993) ( )
  • Ocean Warrior: Agha m iji kwụsị igbu ọchụ iwu na-akwadoghị n'oké osimiri (1994) ( )
  • Agha akara: Afọ iri abụọ na ise n'ihu na akara ụbọ akwara (2002) ( )
  • Onye nyere aka na ndị naeyi ọha egwu ma ọ bụ ndị naalụ ọgụ nnwere onwe?: Reflections on the Liberations of Animals (2004) ( )
  • Ike Ụwa! Akwụkwọ nduzi nke onye agha ụwa maka atụmatụ nke abụọ (2012)
  • Agha nke Zọpụtara Whales (2019)
  • Abụ sitere na Southern Ocean (2020)
  • The Haunted Mariner (2020)
  • Imeso Mgbanwe ihu igwe na nrụgide (2020)
  • Orcapedia (2020)
  • Akụkọ ifo: Theology, Ecology and the General Insanity of Humanity (2020)
  • Ọnwụ nke Whale (2021)
  • Ọ dị Uche! Zọpụta Oké Osimiri Anyị Ka Anyị Zọpụta Mgbanwe ihu igwe (2021)

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ndepụta nke ndị na-echekwa ihe
  • Ndepụta nke ndị na-eri nri

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

"Paul Watson: Sea Shepherd eco-warrior fighting to stop whaling and seal hunts", The Daily Telegraph, April 17, 2009.

"Hardline warrior in war to save the whale", The New Zealand Herald, January 11, 2010.

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Paul Watson: Sea Shepherd eco-warrior fighting to stop whaling and seal hunts", The Daily Telegraph, April 17, 2009. Retrieved on July 15, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Hardline warrior in war to save the whale", The New Zealand Herald, January 11, 2010. Retrieved on November 2, 2011.
  3. ↑ "Williams assails anti-sealing activist Watson as 'terrorist'", CBC, April 14, 2008. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  4. ↑ Greenpeace: Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts. Greenpeace (17 December 2008). Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved on 22 November 2012.
  5. ↑ A Very Inconvenient Truth // Animals Australia. Animalsaustralia.org. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  6. ↑ About the Authors. Ecospherics.net. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  7. ↑ Dwyer (December 17, 2012). Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington Richard A. Jones, District Judge, Presiding. United States Court of Appeals. Retrieved on January 5, 2013.
  8. ↑ N20120914 / 2012 / News & media releases / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL. Interpol.int (September 14, 2012). Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Costa Rica Drops Charges Against Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson.
  10. ↑ Captain Watson's Biography. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved on May 28, 2012.
  11. ↑ Broder. "Greenpeace leader visits boardroom, without forsaking social activism", The New York Times, December 6, 2011. Retrieved on January 22, 2013. “'It's all about extreme political correctness,' said Paul Watson, a founding director of Greenpeace who is now the head of Sea Shepherd”
  12. ↑ Prosecutor Agrees to Release Allison and Alex but Fines Sea Shepherd for Freeing Dolphins! - Sea Shepherd (2003-12-03). Archived from the original on September 15, 2010. Retrieved on 2011-12-30. “"Prosecutor Agrees to Release Allison and Alex jailed 22 days ... but Fines Sea Shepherd 800,000 Yen ($8,000 US) for freeing dolphins!" December 3, 2003.”
  13. ↑ Animal rights activist arrested in Seattle grand jury probe. Komo Staff and News Services (2004-01-15). Retrieved on 2016-07-22.
  14. ↑ Shukovsky. "No perjury charges vs. animal activist", Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 2004-09-09.
  15. ↑ Lopez. "Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson Gets Married on Valentine's Day", The Costa Rica Star, February 14, 2015. Retrieved on March 4, 2015.
  16. ↑ Whale Wars' Captain Paul Watson Welcomes Son Tiger. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved on January 19, 2018.
  17. ↑ "Paul Watson: the man behind Sea Shepherd", ABC News, 2012-05-15. Retrieved on 2020-04-22. (in en-AU)
  18. ↑ Weyler. "Waves of Compassion", Utne Reader, Ogden Publications, October 9, 2007. Retrieved on February 4, 2009.
  19. ↑ Gambone (2015). No Regrets. Black Cat Press. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Paul Watson bio. Tribute.ca. Tribute Entertainment Media Group. Retrieved on February 4, 2009.
  21. ↑ Paul Watson Biography. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Archived from the original on July 27, 2008. Retrieved on July 27, 2008.
  22. ↑ Greenpeace Attempts to Make Captain Paul Watson "Disappear". seashepherd.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2011. Retrieved on June 23, 2010.
  23. ↑ (2009) "On the Frontlines: With Captain Paul Watson and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society". Resistance: Journal of the Earth Liberation Movement. 
  24. ↑ Battle Against Whaling, Groups Split on Strategy. The New York Times (2008-11-23). “"The shift infuriates Paul Watson, the Sea Shepherd founder and the captain of the Steve Irwin. One of the original founders of Greenpeace in the early 1970s, he parted ways with the group in 1978 because he wanted it to be more aggressive."”
  25. ↑ Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts. Greenpeace.org. Archived from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  26. ↑ Sea Shepherd International: Paul Watson and Greenpeace. Sea Shepherd Conservational Society. Archived from the original on March 4, 2011. Retrieved on February 25, 2013.
  27. ↑ "Whaling Ships Refloated in Iceland", The New York Times, November 20, 1986. Retrieved on February 11, 2009.
  28. ↑ Andrew Darby. "Sea Shepherd founder steps down", Stuff.co.nz, January 8, 2013. Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  29. ↑ Proussalidis (August 3, 2012). Germans search for Watson. Tillsonburg News. Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  30. ↑ CBC News. "Paul Watson quits Sea Shepherd over U.S. court order – World – CBC News", Cbc.ca, January 8, 2013. Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  31. ↑ 33rd Parliament Election Results. Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
  32. ↑ 1996 Local General Election Results- Mayor. City of Vancouver (1996). Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
  33. ↑ Paul Watson is elected to the Sierra Club Board of Directors in April, 2003. SUPS.org. Retrieved on February 25, 2010.
  34. ↑ Sierra Club Director Paul Watson Resigns to Protest Hunting Prize. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (April 17, 2006). Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  35. ↑ Vidal. "50 people who could save the planet", The Guardian, January 4, 2008. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.
  36. ↑ Watson (1993). Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy. La Caňada, CA: Chaco Press. 
  37. ↑ (1987) in Foreman: Ecodefense: A field guide to monkeywrenching. Tucson, AZ: Ned Ludd Book. 
  38. ↑ Abbey (1985). The monkeywrench gang. Salt Lake City: Dream Garden Press. 
  39. ↑ Watson (1993). Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy. La Caňada, CA: Chaco Press. 
  40. ↑ Watson (1993). Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy. La Caňada, CA: Chaco Press. 
  41. ↑ Watson (1993). Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy. La Caňada, CA: Chaco Press. 
  42. ↑ Watson (1993). Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy. La Caňada, CA: Chaco Press. 
  43. ↑ "Militants sink two of Iceland's Whaling Vessels", New York Times, 1986-11-10.
  44. ↑ Watson (1994). Ocean Warrior. Toronto, Canada: Key Porter Books, 23–24. 
  45. ↑ Watson. The Beginning of the End for Life as We Know it on Planet Earth?. Sea Shepherd. Archived from the original on 2020-01-01.
  46. ↑ 'How to Change the World': Sundance Review. The Hollywood Reporter (January 23, 2015).
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Sea Shepherd Conservation Society: Greenpeace Attempts to Make Captain Paul Watson 'Disappear'. Seashepherd.org (2008-05-15). Archived from the original on 4 March 2011. Retrieved on 2011-02-21.
  48. ↑ Greenpeace: Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts. Greenpeace (2008-12-17). Retrieved on 2012-11-22.
  49. ↑ Interview with Paul Watson. Village Voice. Thepeoplesvoice.org (December 25, 2008). Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  50. ↑ History of Paul Watson. Greenpeace (November 3, 2008). Archived from the original on November 3, 2008. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  51. ↑ Large. "SBIFF '09: Saving the Seas Documentary Follows Paul Watson on Marine Crusades", The Santa Barbara Independent, January 29, 2009. Retrieved on February 12, 2009.
  52. ↑ Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts. Greenpeace (December 21, 2008). Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved on February 22, 2010.
  53. ↑ Hunter (1979). Warriors of the Rainbow: A Chronicle of the Greenpeace Movement. Henry Holt & Company, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-03-043741-0. 
  54. ↑ "Watson to whalers: We will never surrender", The Japan Times, February 9, 2010. Retrieved on February 20, 2010.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Frum. "CBC interview of Paul Watson", Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
  56. ↑ "Hunt disrupter gets 10 days in Quebec jail", The Montreal Gazette, March 11, 1980, p. 14. Retrieved on September 17, 2010.
  57. ↑ Campbell. "Champion of seas faces attempted murder case", Guardian News and Media Limited, June 3, 2002. Retrieved on February 12, 2009.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Hvalsabotør går fri", Dagbladet, December 14, 1997. (in no)
  59. ↑ Reine – a Norwegian Fishing and Whaling Community. Highnorth.no (May 14, 1993). Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  60. ↑ Taylor. "The saviours of the whale", The Independent, November 20, 2007. Retrieved on February 12, 2009.
  61. ↑ Derr (2003). Case Studies in Environmental Ethics – Patrick George Derr, Edward M. McNamara – Google Books. ISBN 9780742531376. Retrieved on May 22, 2014. 
  62. ↑ The Reykjavik Grapevine – Life, Travel and Entertainment in Iceland / WATSON THE VICTOR Does terrorism pay off in Iceland? (is). Grapevine.is. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  63. ↑ Kuipers (July 2009). Operation Bite Back: Rod Coronado's War to Save American Wilderness – Dean Kuipers – Google Books. ISBN 9781608191420. Retrieved on May 22, 2014. 
  64. ↑ Dan Murphy (October 29, 2009). South Park puts spotlight on Paul Watson and his "Whale Wars". CSMonitor.com. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  65. ↑ McCurry. "Japan obtains arrest warrant for anti-whaling group leader", The Guardian, April 30, 2010. Retrieved on May 17, 2010.
  66. ↑ Interpol. Interpol.int. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  67. ↑ N20120514 / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL. Interpol.int (May 14, 2012). Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  68. ↑ N20120914 / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL. Interpol.int (September 14, 2012). Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  69. ↑ "Paul Watson Arrested: Sea Shepherd Says Founder Arrested In Germany", The Huffington Post, May 14, 2012. Retrieved on May 29, 2012.
  70. ↑ Guy. "Anti-whaling activist Paul Watson arrested for ramming boat 10 years ago", The Independent, May 15, 2012. Retrieved on July 17, 2012.
  71. ↑ Slivka, Kelly. "Germany Detains Activist "Whale Wars" Captain", The New York Times, May 16, 2012. Retrieved on May 29, 2012.
  72. ↑ Interpol. Interpol.int. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  73. ↑ "Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson released on bail after arrest in Germany", National Post, May 21, 2012. Retrieved on July 17, 2012.
  74. ↑ Paul Watson Urges Costa Rica to Drop Charges (June 29, 2012). Retrieved on July 17, 2012.
  75. ↑ "Foreign Ministry to send Paul Watson extradition request to German authorities Tuesday", Tico times, June 11, 2012. Retrieved on July 17, 2012.
  76. ↑ Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson skips bail in Germany for 'unknown destination' | National Post. News.nationalpost.com (July 25, 2012). Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  77. ↑ "Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson 'flees Germany'", BBC News, July 26, 2012. Retrieved on August 15, 2012.
  78. ↑ Sea Shepherd founder skips bail | World. BigPond News (July 26, 2012). Retrieved on August 13, 2012.
  79. ↑ Interpol alert says Paul Watson has escaped from Germany / News Briefs / Current Edition / Costa Rica Newspaper, The Tico Times. Ticotimes.net (July 23, 2012). Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved on August 13, 2012.
  80. ↑ N20120807Bis / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL. Interpol.int (August 7, 2012). Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
  81. ↑ Godoy, Jody. "Sea Shepherd seeks to intercept whalers closer to Japan", The Japan Times, November 23, 2012. Retrieved on November 23, 2012.
  82. ↑ Sea Shepherd Australia :: Statement from Captain Paul Watson. Seashepherd.org.au (January 7, 2013). Archived from the original on August 28, 2013. Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  83. ↑ A 'Takeover' Timeline. Retrieved on January 19, 2018.
  84. ↑ Davila (2004-02-18). Immigration dispute spawns factions, anger in Sierra Club]. Seattle Times.
  85. ↑ Monteiro (2004-04-06). Questions and Answers About the Sierra Club Elections: An Interview with Sierra Club Director Paul Watson. Archived from the original on 2009-02-18.
  86. ↑ Roster of Sierra Club Directors. Sierra Club. Retrieved on October 23, 2009.
  87. ↑ Sea Shepherd – I'm Not Ready To Make Nice. Sea Shepherd Society website. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved on July 27, 2008.
  88. ↑ "Williams assails anti-sealing activist Watson as 'terrorist'", CBC, April 14, 2008. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  89. ↑ "Sealing activists bailed out with bag of toonies", CTV.ca, April 14, 2008. Retrieved on September 7, 2009.
  90. ↑ Sea Shepherd undeterred by US court order. 3 News (2012-12-19). Archived from the original on 2014-07-29.
  91. ↑ "Whale wars saga begins with Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson under investigation | Outposts | Los Angeles Times", Latimesblogs.latimes.com, October 5, 2009. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  92. ↑ "Sea Shepherd's frustrated Capt. Paul Watson lashes out at Australia | Outposts | Los Angeles Times", Latimesblogs.latimes.com, October 8, 2009. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  93. ↑ Rudd 'betrayed Aussies on whaling' | The Australian. Theaustralian.news.com.au (October 9, 2009). Archived from the original on October 15, 2009. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  94. ↑ Darby. "Whale activist hits visa hurdle", The Age, October 5, 2009. Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  95. ↑ Captain Paul Watson Granted Original Nation Passport (Sea Shepherd Conservation Society) - Worldnews.com. Article.wn.com. Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 "Japan denies Sea Shepherd claims", The Sydney Morning Herald, March 7, 2008. Retrieved on February 25, 2010.
  97. ↑ "Protester says whalers shot him", BBC News, March 7, 2008. Retrieved on June 5, 2009.
  98. ↑ McLeod. "Japan denies shooting at Sea Shepherd ship", ABC News, ABC: News: World, March 8, 2008. Retrieved on August 22, 2014.
  99. ↑ Incident in the Southern Ocean – The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs. Foreignminister.gov.au (March 7, 2008). Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  100. ↑ Incident in the Southern Ocean – Update – The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs. Foreignminister.gov.au (March 7, 2008). Retrieved on October 31, 2009.
  101. ↑ Douglass F. Rohrman (2004). "Environmental Terrorism". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2 (6). DOI:[0332:ET2.0.CO;2 10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0332:ET]2.0.CO;2]. 
  102. ↑ Glenn Beck. "Surprised Massachusetts Race Is Close?", Fox News, January 18, 2010. Retrieved on January 24, 2010.
  103. ↑ Watson (January 21, 2010). Glenn Beck – The Father of Freaky Fox Facts, Fables, Farces and Fantasies. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved on January 24, 2010.
  104. ↑ Tsunami. Facebook (March 12, 2011). Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved on August 21, 2012.
  105. ↑ Tears for the Land of the Rising Sun. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (March 14, 2011). Archived from the original on December 15, 2012. Retrieved on September 15, 2012.
  106. ↑ "NZ siding with Japan – anti-whaling activist", 3 News NZ, January 7, 2013. Retrieved on January 6, 2013.
  107. ↑ The last pirate: Paul Watson splits with Sea Shepherd (October 15, 2022).
  108. ↑ Podcast Episode.
  109. ↑ Watson (December 2022). We Have a New Ship: The John Paul DeJoria. all-creatures.org. Captain Paul Watson Foundation. Retrieved on 2023-04-14.
  110. ↑ Eco-warrior Paul Watson, Scourge of Whalers, Returns to the Seas.
  111. ↑ Millar. "Ady Gil downed by Japanese whalers", The Sunday Times, January 10, 2010. Retrieved on January 10, 2010.
  112. ↑ Activist says Sea Shepherd sank its own ship. 9News (October 7, 2010). Archived from the original on May 20, 2012. Retrieved on January 11, 2012.
  113. ↑ Sea Shepherd Conservation Society :: Captain Paul Watson Receives Jules Verne Award. Seashepherd.org (October 16, 2012). Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  114. ↑ La Nueva España (May 17, 2012). "Amigos del Museo de Anclas" pide la liberación de uno de sus premiados – La Nueva España – Diario Independiente de Asturias. Lne.es. Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  115. ↑ U.S. Animal Rights Hall of Fame. Animal Rights Conference. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016..
  116. ↑ Paul Watson. Points of Light (June 22, 1999). Retrieved on August 22, 2013.
  117. ↑ Victory for Sharks in Connecticut (May 24, 2019). Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved on August 19, 2023.
  118. ↑ Captain Watson Receives the Amazon Peace Prize (July 12, 2007).
  119. ↑ Pirate for the Sea na IMDb
  120. ↑ Pirate for the Sea. www.artistsconfederacy.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved on January 19, 2018.
  121. ↑ Seattle International Film Festival listing. Archived from the original on October 30, 2012. Retrieved on January 19, 2018.
  122. ↑ Confessions of an Eco-Terrorist na IMDb
  123. ↑ Eco-Pirate: The Story of Paul Watson na IMDb
  124. ↑ Murphy. "South Park puts spotlight on Paul Watson and his "Whale Wars"", The Christian Science Monitor, October 29, 2009. Retrieved on November 3, 2009. “On Wednesday night, the satirists from the cartoon show South Park took aim at the group (and Japanese whalers and, typically, everyone else) in an episode that they named, in their inevitably "classy" fashion, "Whale Whores."”
  125. ↑ Watson (November 3, 2009). Fears, jeers, cheers and loathing for Sea Shepherd in South Park. An editorial by Captain Paul Watson. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society website. Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. Retrieved on November 4, 2012.
  126. ↑ Scott Pelley. Return of the humpbacks. CBS News. Retrieved on May 8, 2016.
  127. ↑ 'Watson': Film Review. The Hollywood Reporter (May 20, 2019).
  128. ↑ Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson on Conservation and How Travelers Can Give Back. Forbes.
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