Asụsụ Atlantic-Congo
Asụsụ Atlantic-Congo bụ ezinụlọ kachasị ukwuu egosiri n'Africa. Ha nwere usoro klas aha pụrụ iche ma bụrụ isi nke echiche ezinụlọ Niger-Congo. Ha mejupụtara Niger-Congo niile ma e wezụga Mande, Dogon, Ijoid, Siamou, Kru, Katla na asụsụ Rashad (nke a na-akpọbu Kordofanian), na ikekwe ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ Asụsụ Ubangian niile. [1]nke] cx-
N'ime igbe ozi info, a na-edobe asụsụ ndị yiri ka ọ kacha dị iche n'elu.[2] A na-akọwa alaka Atlantic n'echiche dị warara, ebe alaka Atlantic mbụ Mel na ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ Sua, Gola na Limba, na-ekewa dị ka alaka mbụ; a na-akpọ ha n'akụkụ ibe n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe àmà e bipụtara na-akpali ha; Volta-Congo adịghị emebi ma ewezuga Senufo na Kru[2]
Na mgbakwunye, Güldemann (2018) depụtara Nalu na Rio Nunez dị ka asụsụ anaghị ekewa n'ime Niger-Congo.[3]
E nwere asụsụ ole na ole na-enweghị ihe akaebe, dị ka Bayot na Bung, nke nwere ike ịbụ alaka ndị ọzọ. [citation needed]
Okwu ntụnyere[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nkọwa okwu ndị bụ isi maka asụsụ proto-asụsụ dị iche iche nke alaka Atlantic-Congo dị iche iche:
| Alaka | Asụsụ | anya | ntị | imi | ezé | ire | ọnụ | ọbara | ọkpụkpụ | osisi | mmiri | Iri nri | aha |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Western Nigritic" (nke dị ka Atlantic-Congo) |
Proto-"Western Nigritic"[1] | *-nín-, *-nínu | *-thúi, *-thú- | *-myl-, *-milla | *-nín- (*-níghin-) | *-líma (*-líma); *-lelum- (*-lúm-) | *-níana; *-níuna (*-núa) | *-gh pọọ; *-kàl- | *-khwúpà | *-nne | *-lingi | *di- | *-ghínà |
| Benue-Congo | [4]-Benue-Congo[1] | *-mkpu | *-tuŋi | *-Zua | *-nini, *-nino; *-sana; *-gaŋgo | *-Lemi; *-ọdọ mmiri | *-zi; *-luŋ | *-kupe | *-titi; *-kwon | *-izi; *-ni | *-zina | ||
| Bantu | Proto-Bantu[5] | *i=jico | *kʊ= avi | *i=jʊ́lʊ | *i=jino; *i=gego | *lʊ=lɪ́mi | *ka=nʊa; *mʊ=ọnụ | *ma=gilá; *=gil-a; *ma=gadí; *=gadí); *mʊ=lopa; *ma =ɲínga | *i=kúpa | *mʊ=tɪ́ | *ma=jíjɪ; *i=diba (HH?) | *=lɪ́ -a | *i=jina |
| Ndị Yoruboid | Asụsụ Proto-Yoruboid[6] | *é-jú | *ọ bụ gị | *Imbụ | *E nwere ike ịbụ na ọ bụ na ọ bụ | Yor. ahịhịa | *A na-ahụ maka ya? | *ɛ̀-gyɛ̀ | __ibo____ibo____ibo__ *gbgbgbụ | Yor. igi | __ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-akpọ | *Ọnụ ọgụgụ | *ọbụ- ? |
| Gbe | [7]-Gbe[1] | *-ọ | *aɖú | *- nke a na-eme | *-ɖũ; *-ɖũkpá | *-ʁwũ | *-χwú | *-tĩ́́ | *-tsĩ | Ọ bụ ya mere o ji bụrụ onye | [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] | ||
| Gur | [8]-Central Gur [1] | *M (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi) | *ye (Gurunsi, Kurumfe) | *ñam, *ñim (Oti-Volta, Kurumfe) | *ʔob, *ʔo | *tɪ (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi) | *ni, *ne; *nã (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi) | *di | *yɪɗ, *yɪd (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi) | ||||
| Gbaya | [9]-Gbaya [1] | *Dọm. | *Onye na-eme ihe nkiri | *Dizue | *ɲín | *leɓé ~ lembè | *ọ bụghị | *Ọkụ | *Dịbọ ahụ | *Anyaụ | *Tee | *ɲɔŋ/ụmụ | *ụfọdụ n'ime ha |
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mukarovsky. A study of Western Nigritic. Wien: Institut für Ägyptologie und Afrikanistik, Universität Wien.. OCLC 21527702. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Mukarovsky" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Blench. Niger-Congo: an alternative view. Archived from the original on 2023-04-05.
- ↑ Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics series. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58–444. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9.
- ↑ Wolf (1971). The Noun-Class System of Proto-Benue-Congo. DOI:10.1515/9783110905311. ISBN 9783110905311.
- ↑ Schadeberg (2003). "Historical linguistics", in Nurse: The Bantu Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-700-71134-5.
- ↑ Aubry (2004). Proto-Yoruba-Igala Swadesh list. Langage, Langues et Cultures d’Afrique (LLACAN), Centre National de la Récherche Sciéntifique (CNRS).. Archived from the original on 2021-01-05.
- ↑ Capo (1991). A Comparative Phonology of Gbe. DOI:10.1515/9783110870534. ISBN 978-3-11-013392-9.
- ↑ Manessy (1979). Contribution à la classification généalogique des langues voltaïques. Peeters Publishers. ISBN 2852970635.
- ↑ Moñino (1988). Lexique comparatif des langues oubanguiennes. Laboratoire de langues et civilisations à tradition orale, Dép. "Langues et parole en Afrique centrale". ISBN 9782705303532.