Mary P. Burrill
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| Aha enyere | Mary |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Powell, Burrill |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | Ọgọọst 1881 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Washington, D.C. |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 13 Maachị 1946 |
| Ebe olili | Woodlawn Cemetery |
| onye mmekọ na-alụghị alụ | Lucy Diggs Slowe |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | odee ejije, Odee akwụkwọ, suffragist |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Emerson College, M Street High School |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
Mary P. Burrill (August 1881 – Maachị 13, 1946) bụ mmalite narị afọ nke 20 onye America na-ede egwuregwu Harlem Renaissance, onye kpaliri Willis Richardson na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ ide egwuregwu. Burrill n'onwe ya dere egwuregwu banyere Ahụmahụ Black, ihe omume agụmagụ na omenala ha, na Black Elite. O gosipụtara ụdị ndị isi etiti dịka ndị a ma ama na ọha ojii Washington, DC, na ndị ọzọ nyere aka na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị ojii na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ.
Ndụ mbido[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mary Powell Burrill mụrụ na August 1881 na Washington, DC, ada John H. na Clara E. Burrill. [1] N'afọ 1901, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na M Street High School (nke mechara Dunbar High School) na Washington, DC, nke bụ otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi ojii, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mba ahụ n'oge ahụ. N'oge Burrill na-eto eto na nwata, o nwere mmekọrịta mmetụta uche na ikekwe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na Angelina Weld Grimké, nke nyere Burill ume ka ọ gbaa ya ume ịchụso ihe nkiri dịka ọ ga-emesị ghọọ onye na-ede uri a ma ama, onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye nkụzi. [2]
Ezinụlọ Burrill mechara kwaga Boston, Massachusetts . N'ebe ahụ ọ gara Emerson College of Oratory (emesịa Emerson College), ebe ọ nwetara diplọma na 1904. [3]
Ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Burrill laghachiri na Washington, DC Site na 1905 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1944, ọ kuziri Bekee, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na ihe nkiri na Dunbar High School, alma mater, na Armstrong High. [4] Ruo afọ iri atọ na asatọ, Burrill durukwa ihe nkiri na ihe egwu egwu na Dunbar na Washington, DC niile [5]
Ụfọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ Burrill ghọrọ ndị nkuzi na ndị odee bụ ndị na-etinye aka na Harlem Renaissance . N'ime ndị a bụ Willis Richardson, onye mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri n'Africa na America nwere egwuregwu emere na Broadway na New York City. Nwa akwụkwọ ọzọ a ma ama bụ May Miller, bụ onye bipụtara egwuregwu mbụ ya, Pandora's Box, mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Dunbar. [3]
Na 1919, e bipụtara abụọ n'ime egwuregwu Burrill kacha mara amara. E bipụtara Ha That Sit in Darkness na Margaret Sanger 's progressive Birth Control Review, mbipụta kwa ọnwa na-akwado ikike ịmụ nwa maka ụmụ nwanyị. E bipụtara egwuregwu nke ọzọ, Aftermath, na <i id="mwNA">The Liberator</i>, bụ onye socialist Max Eastman deziri . [1] [3] A na-ewere egwuregwu Burrill dị ka egwuregwu mkpesa n'ihi na ha kwadoro nguzo na-aga n'ihu n'ihe gbasara agbụrụ na okike. [6] [4] Burrill kwadoro nnọkọ agụmagụ n'ụlọ ya, nke a maara dị ka "Ụlọ Half-Way." Ọ jere ozi dị ka oghere nzụkọ maka nkwupụta okike na mkparịta ụka ọgụgụ isi n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị odee na ndị na-ese ihe nke Harlem Renaissance. [7] Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụ enyi Jean Toomer, onye nwere njikọ na Washington, na Georgia Douglas Johnson . Burill sonyekwaara na nnọkọ ndị emere na Johnson's S Street Salon, ebe ndị nwanyị na-akwado Harlem Renaissance ga-ezukọ iji kparịta lynchings, ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na ihe isi ike na-eche ezinaụlọ ndị America-America ihu.
Ha Na-anọdụ n'ọchịchịrị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Egwuregwu otu omume a e dere na 1919 lekwasịrị anya n'ihe isi ike nke ezinụlọ ndị isi ojii na-arụ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ ụmụaka chere. Malinda Jasper, nwanyị dị afọ 38, na-arụ ọrụ oge nile ma na-elekọtakwa ụmụ ya iri, di ya anaghị ahụ ụmụ ha anya n'ihi na ha na-ehi ụra mgbe ọ lọtara ọrụ ya. Ọ na-anwụ n'ihi ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ na nke uche, na-amanye nwa ya nwanyị dị afọ 17 ilekọta ezinụlọ kama ịga mahadum dịka o zubere, ihe na-esi na ya na-aga n'ihu n'usoro ịda ogbenye nye ya na ụmụnne ya. [6] [8] [9] Site na akụkọ Malinda, egwuregwu ahụ na-enyocha ka mmachi iwu nke gbochiri ohere ụmụ nwanyị nwere ikike ịmụ nwa siri metụta ọdịmma ha na nke ezinụlọ ha. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke mkpọsa iji kwado usoro ọmụmụ nwa n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, ma nke a aghọghị nke iwu ruo March 22, 1972. Ọrụ Burrill bụ arụmụka n'ihi na ọ kwadoro ịmụ nwa dị ka ụzọ isi gbanarị ịda ogbenye ogologo oge tupu e nye ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịmụ nwa na US [1] [6] Egwuregwu ahụ na-egosipụtakwa olumba ndịda nke ọtụtụ ndị bụbu ndị ohu nakweere bụ nke ndị na-ede egwuregwu webatara dị ka ụzọ isi mee ya. mekọrịta ọrụ na ntuziaka ndị enyereburu maka ihe "ihe nkiri ojii" bụ. N'ọrụ Burrill, ọ na-eweghachite ụda olu a na ike nke ndị agwa ya n'ogologo egwuregwu ahụ.
N'ikpeazụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Emebere egwuregwu a n'ime ime obodo South Carolina na-egosi John, onye agha Amerịka bụ onye chọpụtara mgbe o si n'Agha Ụwa Mbụ lọta na nna ya emebiela . [10] Ndị egwu Krigwa New York City mere egwuregwu a na 1928. [1] [11] Enyere John onyinye French War Cross maka iji aka ya lụso ndị agha German iri abụọ ọgụ, wee zọpụta ndụ onye ọ bụla nọ na ụlọ ọrụ ya. [9] A na-ewere aftermath (1919) na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ihi na Burrill kọwara John dị ka nwoke ojii nke na-achọghị ọdịmma onwe ya nanị na n'atụghị egwu chere mmegbu agbụrụ ihu. [12] Mmepụta nke ibe ahụ mere na New York City na obere ihe nkiri Black Black nke ndị egwuregwu Krigwa rụrụ.
Ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mary Burrill nwere mmasị n'ebe ndị ọzọ nọ n'otu ụdị nwoke nọ, n'oge nke a nwere nkụda mmụọ. Ọ na-achọ igbochi nghazi ya ka ọ ghara imetụta ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ya na nnabata ya na ọha ndị America-America. [13]
Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, ọ dị ka Mary Burrill nwere mmekọrịta ya na Angelina Weld Grimke nke Washington, bụ onye dere akwụkwọ a:
"Amaara m na ị ka dị obere ugbu a ịghọ nwunye m, ma enwere m olileanya, enyi m, na n'ime afọ ole na ole ị ga-abịakwute m ma bụrụ enyi m, nwunye m! Lee ka ụbụrụ m si agbagharị ka ụbụrụ m na-amali na ọṅụ na ara mgbe Echere m okwu abụọ a, 'nwunye m'" [14]
Na 1912, mgbe ọ na-ezi ihe, Burrill zutere Lucy Diggs Slowe, onye nkụzi Bekee si Baltimore. Mgbe afọ ole na ole gachara, Slowe kwagara DC ka ọ kuzie ihe na Armstrong Manual Training Academy. Ya na Burrill zukọtara ọnụ. [2] Slowe na Burrill nọkọtara ọnụ ruo afọ iri abụọ na ise, na ezigbo ndị enyi ha, bụ ndị na-abụkarị ndị nkuzi ụmụ nwanyị ojii ndị ọzọ, mesoro ha dị ka di na nwunye.
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ahụmahụ Black, ihe omume agụmagụ na omenala ha, na Black Elite. O gosipụtara ụdị ndị isi etiti dịka ndị a ma ama na ọha ojii Washington, DC, na ndị ọzọ nyere aka na enyemakauche na ikekwe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na Angelina Weld Grimké, nke nyere Burill umeuche na ikekwe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na Angelina Weld Grimké, nke nyere Burill ume
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
West. Mary Powell Burrill 1884?-1946 on North American Women's Drama website. Alexander Street Press. Retrieved on 2009-11-27. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "NAWD-Burrill" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Biographical Sketch of Mary P. Burrill | Alexander Street, a ProQuest Company. search.alexanderstreet.com. Retrieved on 2019-05-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "search.alexanderstreet.com" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 (1990) in Perkins: Black Female Playwrights: An Anthology of Plays Before 1950, First Midland Book, Bloomington & Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 53–56. ISBN 978-0-253-34358-1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "BFPlaywrights-Burrill-Bio" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Abramson (Spring 1985). "Angelina Weld Grimké, Mary T. Burrill, Georgia Douglas Johnson, and Marita O. Bonner: An Analysis of Their Plays". Sage 2 (1): 9–13. Àtụ:ProQuest. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "analysis" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Beemyn (2010). A Queer Capital. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-92172-5.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Hebel (1996). "Early African American Women Playwrights (1916-1930) and the Remapping of Twentieth-Century American Drama". Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 21 (2): 267–286. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Hebel1996" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Nelson (2004). African American Dramatists: An A-to-Z Guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32233-4.
- ↑ (1990) in Perkins: Black Female Playwrights: An Anthology of Plays Before 1950, First Midland Book, Bloomington & Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 67–74. ISBN 978-0-253-34358-1.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Brown-Guillory (1988). Their Place on the Stage: Black Women Playwrights in America. New York City, New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313259852. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "PlaceStage" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Marsh-Lockett (2015-12-22). Black Women Playwrights: Visions on the American Stage (in en). Routledge. ISBN 9781317944942.
- ↑ (1990) in Perkins: Black Female Playwrights: An Anthology of Plays Before 1950, First Midland Book, Bloomington & Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 75–?. ISBN 978-0-253-34358-1.
- ↑ Harris (1994). "Early Black Women Playwrights and the Dual Liberation Motif". African American Review 28 (2): 205–221. DOI:10.2307/3041994.
- ↑ History of Gay Life in Washington D.C..
- ↑ Perry (2002). Lift Up Thy Voice: The Sarah and Angelina Grimké Family's Journey from Slaveholders to Civil Rights Leaders. Penguin, 312–314. ISBN 978-0-14-200103-5.