Sam Gilliam

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Sam Gilliam
Mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịNjikota Obodo Amerika Dezie
aha n'asụsụ obodoSam Gilliam Dezie
Aha enyereSam Dezie
aha ezinụlọ yaGilliam Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya30 Novemba 1933 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụTupelo Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya25 Jụn 2022 Dezie
Ebe ọ nwụrụWashington, D.C. Dezie
Ụdị ọnwụeke na-akpata Dezie
ihe kpatara ọnwụkidney failure Dezie
Dị/nwunyeDorothy Butler Gilliam Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụonye ese, drawer, printmaker, onye na-akpụ ihe ọkpụkpụ Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọUniversity of Louisville, Central High School Dezie
Ebe ọrụLouisville, Washington, D.C. Dezie
Flọruit1962 Dezie
agbụrụNdi Afrika nke Amerika Dezie
Ọrụ ama amaSculpture with a D, Jamaica Center Station Riders, Blue Dezie
Archive naArchives of American Art Dezie
IjeWashington Color School Dezie
Onye òtù nkeAmerican Abstract Artists, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Dezie
ụdịabstract art Dezie
Ihe nriteGuggenheim Fellowship, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Dezie
onye nnọchite anya nwebiisinkaikike mmeputakwa nke CISAC-otu nọchiri anya ya Dezie
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okikeỌrụ nwebiisinka chekwara Dezie
omenkà faịlụ naPhiladelphia Museum of Art Library and Archives, Smithsonian American Art and Portrait Gallery Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture Dezie
Sam Gilliam speaking, 2018

Sam Gilliam (/ˈɡɪliəm/ GHIL-ee-əm; amụrụ na úbọchị irí atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba, 1933) bụ ónyé Africa-America na-ese ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na onye na-ese egwu.[1] Gilliam na Washington Color School nwèrè njikọ, otu ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara Washington, DC nke mepụtara ụdị nka na-enweghị atụ site na eserese na 1950s na 1960s.[2] A kọwakwara ọrụ ya dị ka nke abstract expressionism na lyrical abstraction.[3] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ákwà a gbatịrị agbatị, nkè a na-ekpuchi ma na-ekpu, ma na-agbakwunye ihe 3D. A maara ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe mbụ na-ewebata echiche nke ákwà a na-ese n'elu ákwà na-enweghị ihe ndina n'ihe dị ka 1965. Nke a bụ nnukwu onyinye nye ụlọ akwụkwọ Color Field.[4]

N'ọrụ ya na nso nso a, Gilliam arụwo ọrụ na polypropylene, ihe oyiyi kọmputa, metallic na iridescent acrylics, akwụkwọ aka, aluminum, ígwè, plywood, na plastik.[5]

Akụkọ ndụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mụrụ Sam Gilliam na Tupelo, Mississippi, nwá nke asaá n'ime ụmụ asatọ Sam na Estery Gilliam mụrụ.[1][6] Gilliams kwagara Louisville, Kentucky obere oge amụrụ ya.[1] Nnà ya na-arụ ọrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè; nne ya na-elekọta nnukwu ezinụlọ ahụ. Mgbè ọ dị obere, Gilliam chọrọ ịbụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri ma jiri ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ya na-ese foto.[7] N'afọ 1951, Gilliam gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Central High School na Louisville.

Mgbè ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Gilliam gàrà Mahadum[1] Louisville wee nweta nzèrè B.A. ya na Fine Arts na 1955 dị ka ónyé otu nke abụọ nabatara klas nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii.[8] N'otu afọ ahụ, o mèrè ihe ngosi nka nke mbụ ya na Mahadum ahụ. Site na 1956 ruo 1958 Gilliam jere ozi na ndị agha United States.[1] Ọ laghachiri na Mahadum Louisville na 1961 ma, dị ka nwa akwụkwọ nke Charles Crodel, nwéta nzèrè MA ya na eserese.[9][10] Mgbè ọ na-aga kọleji, ọ ghọrọ enyi ónyé na-ese ihe Kenneth Victor Young.[11]

Gilliam gere ntị na ndụmọdụ prọfesọ kọleji ya ka ọ bụrụ ónyé nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ma nwee ike ịkụzi nka na McKinley High School nke Washington.[8][12] Gilliam tinyere onwé ya n'ịmepụta ihe osise ya n'oge ụbọchị izu ụka ya màkà klas.[8] N'afọ 1962, Gilliam kwagara Washington, D.C. mgbè ọ lụsịrị ónyé nta akụkọ Washington Post Dorothy Butler[13] Ónyé bụkwa nwanyị nta akụkọ Africa America mbụ na Washington Post Gilliam bi na Washington, D-C. ugbu a na ónyé mmekọ ya ogologo ógè Annie Gawlak.[8][7]

Nkwado[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Gilliam enweela ọtụtụ ọrụ, onyinye, onyinye, ihe ngosi na nzèrè doctorate. E mèrè nnukwu ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na Corcoran Gallery of Art na 2005.[14] A kpọrọ ya 2006 University of Louisville Alumnus of the Year.[15]

Nsọpụrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere nzèrè doctorate asatọ, na onyinye Gọvanọ Kentucky na nka. Ọ natala ọtụtụ onyinye National Endowment for the Arts, Longview Foundation Award, na Guggenheim Fellowship. Ọ natakwara onyinye Norman W. Harris nke Chicago Art Institute, na ónyé na-ese ihe site na Washington Gallery of Modern Art.[15]

Ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 1962, Gilliam lụrụ Dorothy Butler, onye Louisville na nwanyị Africa America mbụ na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na The Washington Post. Ha gbàrà alụkwaghịm na 1980s mana ha nwèrè ụmụ nwanyị atọ (Stephanie, Melissa, na Leah) ma nwee ụmụ ụmụ atọ. Mgbè ịgba alụkwaghịm ahụ gasịrị, ọ zutere Annie Gawlak, ónyé nwe ụlọ ngosi G Fine Art na Washington DC, ónyé bụzi ónyé mmekọ Gilliam ogologo oge.[16]

N'afọ 1960, a chọpụtara na Gilliam nwere nsogbu uche ma nye ya lithium, nke mebiri akụrụ ya nke ukwuu. Ọ kwụsịrị ịṅụ ọgwụ ahụ ma gbanwee nri ya site n'ịkpụ anụ uhie ma rie mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi.

Gilliam bi na Washington D.C. mana na 2010 rere ụlọ ọrụ ya na 14th Street, NW, n'ebe ugwu nke Colorado Avenue màkà $ 3.85 nde.

Ihe ngosi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Gilliam esonyewo n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi onwé ónyé na United States na mba ụwa. Ihe ngosi ya n'onwe ya gụnyere ihe osise nke Sam Gilliam (1967), Phillips Collection, Washington, DC; Ọrụ: Sam Gilliam (71), Museum of Modern Art, New York; Red & Black to 意: Ihe osise nke sam Gilliam (1982-1983), Studio Museum na Harlem, New York: Sam G William: A Retrospective (2005-2007), sitere na Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C; na Sam Gilliam (2017), Seattle Art Museum.[17]

E mere ndokwa imeghe nnukwu ihe ngosi mbụ nke ọrụ Gilliam n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri abụọ na 2020 na Hirshhorn Museum na Sculpture Garden na Washington, DC, mana e dezigharịrị ya na 2022 n'ihi mkpọchi COVID-19. Ihe ngosi ahụ, Sam Gilliam: Full Circle, meghere na Mee 2022 dị ka ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ónyé omenkà ahụ mepụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, kama ịkọwa ihe n'ụzọ sara mbara dị ka atụmatụ mbụ.[18][19]

O sonyekwara n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu, gụnyere 36th Venice Biennale (1972), Marrakech Biennale (2016), na 57th Venice Biennal (2017).[20]

Ọrụ ndị a ma ama na nchịkọta ọha na eze[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Shoot Six (1965), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC[21]
  • Ha Na-akwọ Ụgbọ Mmiri (1966), Phillips Collection, Washington, DC[22]
  • Carousel State (1968), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York[23]
  • Double Merge (Carousel I na Carousel II) (1968), Museum of Fine Arts, Houston[24]
  • Relative (1968), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC[25]
  • Nweghachi (1968), Speed Art Museum, Louisville, Kentucky[26]
  • 10/27/69 (1969), Museum of Modern Art, New York[27]
  • Light Depth (1969), Hirshhorn Museum na Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC[28]
  • Swing (1969), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC[29]
  • Basque 1 Range (1970), Pérez Art Museum Miami[30]
  • Leaf (1970), Dallas Museum of Art[31]
  • Simmering (1970), Tate, London[32]
  • Carousel Merge (1971), Walker Art Center, Minneapolis[33]
  • Day Tripper (1971), Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh[34]
  • Wide Narrow (1972), Rose Art Museum, Waltham, Massachusetts[35]
  • "A" na ọkwá nkà nke m (1973), Art Institute of Chicago[36]
  • N°1 D (1977), Musée d'Art Moderne nke obodo Paris[37]
  • Ụgbọ okporo ígwè (1977), Hirshhorn Museum na Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC[38]
  • Eiler Blues (1978), Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Wisconsin[39]
  • Untitled (Black) (1978), Whitney Museum of American Art, New York[40]
  • The Arc Maker I & II (1981), Detroit Institute of Arts[41]
  • Master Builder Pieces and Eagles (1981), The Studio Museum na Harlem, New York[42]
  • To Braque for Mantelpieces (1982), Cleveland Museum of Art[43]
  • Purple Antelope Space Squeeze (1987), Milwaukee Art Museum[44]
  • The Petition (1990), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC[45]
  • Jamaica Center Station Riders, Blue (1991), Jamaica Center Carsons/Archer station, Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York[46]
  • Running Naked (1991), Minneapolis Institute of Art[47]
  • Daily Red (1998), Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC[48]
  • Mkpụrụ (1998), Kreeger Museum, Washington, DC[49]
  • Blue (2009), Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia[50]

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Sam Gilliam - Bio. www.phillipscollection.org. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved on 2020-08-23.
  2. ↑ Cohen. "When the Washington Color School earned its stripes on the national stage", The Washington Post, 2015-06-26. Retrieved on 2017-03-11. (in en-US)
  3. ↑ Washington Color School Movement Overview. The Art Story. Retrieved on 2019-02-16.
  4. ↑ Colorscope: Abstract Painting 1960-1979. Santa Barbara Museum of Art. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved on September 15, 2014.
  5. ↑ "Sam Gilliam - Google Arts & Culture", Google Cultural Institute. Retrieved on 2017-03-11. (in en)
  6. ↑ Kinsella (2 January 2018). At Age 84, Living Legend Sam Gilliam Is Enjoying His Greatest Renaissance Yet. Retrieved on 22 June 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Beer with a Painter: Sam Gilliam", Hyperallergic, 2016-03-19. Retrieved on 2017-03-11. (in en-US)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Brown (2017). "Sam Gilliam" (in en). Callaloo 40 (5): 59–68. DOI:10.1353/cal.2017.0155. ISSN 1080-6512. 
  9. ↑ Man of Constant Color: SAM GILLIAMâ€â"¢S ABSTRACT ART COMES HOME FOR A RETROSPECTIVE - LEO Weekly. Archived from the original on 2022-06-30. Retrieved on 2022-06-27.
  10. ↑ Sam Gilliam Jr., A Study of Different Uses of Solid Forms in Painting, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Louisville, 1961.
  11. ↑ Kenneth Victor Young: Exploring Space (en-US). East City Art (2021-03-11). Retrieved on 2021-09-02.
  12. ↑ Sam Gilliam - Biography. rogallery.com. Retrieved on 2017-03-11.
  13. ↑ Sam Gilliam (en). Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved on 2018-08-30.
  14. ↑ Binstock (5 December 2005). Sam Gilliam : a retrospective catalogue. ISBN 9780520246348. OCLC 835849576. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Sam Gilliam. louisville.edu. Retrieved on July 22, 2018.
  16. ↑ Capps. "Return to Splendor", Washington City Paper, March 27, 2015. Retrieved on March 27, 2016.
  17. ↑ Sam Gilliam one-artist exhibitions. Pace. Pace Gallery. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  18. ↑ A Major Sam Gilliam Retrospective Is Coming to the Hirshhorn | Washingtonian (DC) (en-US). Washingtonian (2020-02-07). Retrieved on 2020-05-01.
  19. ↑ Rudig (26 May 2022). This D.C. Artist Painted Furiously Through The Pandemic. The Hirshhorn Is Now Displaying Their Work. DCist. WAMU. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  20. ↑ Sam Gilliam group exhibitions. Pace. Pace Gallery. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  21. ↑ Shoot Six. NGA. National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  22. ↑ They Sail. Phillips. Phillips Collection. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  23. ↑ Carousal State. MetMuseum. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  24. ↑ Double Merge (Carousel I and Carousel II). MFAH. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  25. ↑ Relative. NGA. National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  26. ↑ Restore. Speed. Speed Art Museum. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  27. ↑ 10/27/69. MoMA. Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  28. ↑ Light Depth. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  29. ↑ Swing. SAAM. Smithsonian American Art Museum. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  30. ↑ Basque 1 Range. PAMM. Pérez Art Museum Miami. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  31. ↑ Leaf. DMA. Dallas Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  32. ↑ Simmering. Tate. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  33. ↑ Carousel Merge. Walker. Walker Art Center. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  34. ↑ Day Tripper. CMOA. Carnegie Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  35. ↑ Wide Narrow. RAM. Rose Art Museum. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  36. ↑ "A" and the Carpenter I. AIC. Art Institute of Chicago. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  37. ↑ N°1 D. MAM Paris. Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  38. ↑ Rail. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  39. ↑ Eiler Blues. MMoCA. Madison Museum of Contemporary Art. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  40. ↑ Untitled (Black). Whitney. Whitney Museum of American Art. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  41. ↑ The Arc Maker I & II. DIA. Detroit Institute of Arts. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  42. ↑ Master Builder Pieces and Eagles. Studio Museum. The Studio Museum in Harlem. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  43. ↑ To Braque for Mantelpleces. ClevelandArt. Cleveland Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  44. ↑ Purple Antelope Space Squeeze. MAM. Milwaukee Art Museum. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  45. ↑ The Petition. SAAM. Smithsonian American Art Museum. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  46. ↑ Jamaica Center Station Riders, Blue. MTA. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  47. ↑ Running Naked. MIA. Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  48. ↑ Daily Red. Anacostia Community Museum. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  49. ↑ Graining. Kreeger Museum. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.
  50. ↑ Blue. PAFA. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved on 28 May 2022.

Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Sam Gilliam: ihe ngosi, October 15, 2005 ruo January 22, 2006, Corcoran Gallery of Art
  • Binstock, Jonathan P., na Sam Gilliam. 2005. Sam Gilliam: ihe ncheta. Berkeley: Mahadum nke California Press.
  • Akwụkwọ Sam Gilliam, 1958-1989 Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
  • AskArt depụtara 52 ntụaka Sam Gilliam
  • Washington Art, katalọgụ nke ihe ngosi na State University College na Potsdam, NY & State University of New York na Albany, 1971, Okwu Mmalite nke Renato G. Danese, nke Regal Art Press bipụtara, Troy NY.

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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