Asụsụ Hyam

Hyam Jabba
Spoken in:	Nigeria
Region:	Kaduna State
Total speakers:	300,000
Language family:	Nnijer–Kongo  Atlantic–Congo   Benue–Congo    Plateau     Central ?      Hyamic ?       Hyam
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	jab

Asụsụ Hyam

asụsụ, modern language

obere ụdị nke	Asụsụ Benue-Congo
mba/obodo	Naijiria
ụmụ amaala ka	Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria), Kaduna Steeti
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue	6a Vigorous

Hyam bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ dị mkpa na mpaghara nke asụsụ Plateau na Naịjirịa. Hyam nke Nok bụ olumba a ma ama (Blench 2008). N'ide sociolinguistics nke Hyam, Blench na-emeso Sait, na Dzar dị ka ụdị dị iche iche, ma kwuo na enwere ike ile Yat na Ankung anya dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, Hayab (2016) gosipụtara echiche dị iche iche na-arụ ụka na ọ bụ Ankung, asụsụ a na-akpọ Iduya, nke Hyam anaghị aghọta. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Hyam, nke ndị Ham nke Naịjirịa na-asụ, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka 'Jaba' na nyocha nke Philip Hayab, onye obodo ahụ na onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ dị iche iche nke mere nyocha miri emi n'asụsụ ahụ, kpughere na 'Jaba" nwere okwu Hausa ma bụrụ ihe mkparị ma kwesịkwa ịtụfu ya (John 2017).

Nkesa ya

A na-ahụkarị ndị na-asụ asụsụ Hyam na Jaba, Kachia na Kagarko. A na-ahụkwa ha na Jema'a Local Government Areas nke ndịda Kaduna State na okpuru ọchịchị Keffi nke Nasarawa Steeti nke Naịjirịa.

Olu Mba Dị Iche Iche

James (1998) kewara olumba Hyam dịka obere ìgwè ndị a o debere n'okpuru Ham ma ọ bụ Northern Group nke uyoko Proto-Plateau Ethno-Linguistic:

• Ham Kpop (Jaban Kwoi)
• Ham Ngat Ham (Jaban Katari)
• Ham Shambang (Samban)
• Ham Duhyah (ma ọ bụ Idun) (Jaban Lungu)
• Ham Kworri (Chori)
• Ham Det (Faik/Kenyi)
• Ham Netkun/Netwho (Gbaham)
• Ham Nyakpah (ma ọ bụ Nyankpa) (Yeskwa)
• Ham Kong/Rhuini (Kamantan)

Dị ka Hayab siri kwuo (2016:5-11), Otú ọ dị, ndị Ham, ewezuga njem n'oge gara aga, isiokwu chọrọ ọmụmụ ihe siri ike, nwere ike ịsị na ha na-ekwu ihe ndị a:

• Hyam Taa Ham - 'Hyam gbasara na mpaghara Ham' gụnyere Nok, Ghikyaar, Kuscum, Har Dzyee, Shong, wdg.
• Kwyeny - otu ihe ahụ dị ka James's Hyam Kpop (asụ na Har Kwain ma ọ bụ Kwoi)
• Kyoli - olumba nke Kworri/Kwori (nke a makwaara dị ka Chori)
• Saik
• Shamang - otu ihe ahụ dị ka Shambang

Hayab (2016:6) gbakwunyere na ụdị ndị ọzọ nwekwara ike ịgụnye:

• Duga/Idúyà - otu ihe ahụ dị ka Idun
• Gwora - Gora
• Yat
• Zhire - Kenyi.

Ọzọkwa, Hayab (2016:8) kewara olumba ndị a n'ụzọ anọ, A-D, dịka ọkwa nghọta ha si dị.

• Ìgwè A. Hyam Taa, Kwyeny, na Saik (ha niile enweghị ihe na-erughị 90% phonological homogeneity na okwu
• Ìgwè B. Kyoli na Shamang (nwere ihe dị ka 50% nghọta)
• Ìgwè C. Yat na Zhire (ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe kwekọrọ na A na B. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị oke mkpa)
• Ìgwè D. Idúyà [ma ọ bụ Idun ] na Gwora (guzo n'otu ụdị)

Rịba ama, ọzọ, na Hyam bụ asụsụ ndị Ham na-asụ.

Blench (2019) depụtara:

• Kwyeny
• Yaat
• Saik
• Eze
• Hyam nke Nok

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Kọmitii na agụ ma na ide nke Hyam na-akọwa akara 41/42 ndị na-esonụ na orthography ya.

a̱ b c d dz e e̱ f g gb gh h hw hyw i̱ j k kh kp l m n ng ny o p r s sh t th th th th ts u v w y yw z zh

Ụdaume (Vawel)

• Ụdaolu

Ụdaume mkpirikpi (Vawella̱ Sha̱kuup)

a a̱ e e̱ i i̱ ọ u

Ụdaume Ogologo (Vawella̱ Sha̱ceri)

ee ee ii oo uu

• Ụdamkpị (Khwikhwir Vawel)

ai au a̱u ou

Mgbochiume (Konsonan)

b c d dh dz f g gy gb gh ghy h hw road hyw j k ky kh khy kp l m n nh ng ny p r s sh t th th th th ts v w y yw z zh

Ọnụ ọgụgụ

Hayab (2016:66) na-ekwu na "ihe ọmụma dị na Hyam site na Koelle (1854: appendix, 2-188) na Meek (1931:120) kpughere na asọmpi Ham n'ụzọ dị iche na ihe a na-enweta taa". Ọ gbakwunyere na o doro anya na a gbanwere usoro ịgụta ihe ochie na ụdị Hausa, ma kwuo ọzọ na "n'oge a, ụdị ochie nwere iri (nke bụ kop) ugbu a dị ka 'shwak'. Akụkụ ikpe bụ kop (iri) na-egosi na ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu na-ahụ ihe akaebe na ' mbwan shwak ' (11) na-egosi ete anyị nọ n'ebe dị anya site na shwak (iri na abụọ). O kwukwara na "nke a bụ n'ihi na okwu ' mbwan' na-egosi bwat - obere ma ọ bụ 'fọdụrụ'.

Enwere ike ikwu na ihe dị n'elu bụ eziokwu, ma-atụle ikpe nke Tyap, asụsụ yiri ya, ebe okwu dị ugbu a maka iri bụ maka maka maka, ebe okwu "kop /kwop" fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị, dịka ọ dị na Hyam, ma jiri ya gụọ ọtụtụ puku. Okwu "otu puku" na Tyap bụ cyi kop/kwop, nke pụtara (na-atụle ojiji ochie nke okwu kop/kwup), "otu narị - ugboro iri" ma ọ bụ "100 X 10".

Ihe ndị a, dị ka Hayab si kwuo (2016:66-67) bụ nọmba e ji mee ihe ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 200 gara aga maka ịgụta na Hyam.

	Hyam	English
0	npiit	zero/nothing
1	zhinni	one
2	feli	two
3	taat	three
4	naang	four
5	twoo	five
6	twani	six
7	twarfo	seven
8	naarang	eight
9	mbwan-kop	nine
10	kop	ten
11	mbwan-shwak	eleven
12	shwak	twelve/dozen/complete
24	shwak i'feri	two dozens
36	shwak i'tat	three dozens
48	shwak i'nang	four dozens
60	shwak i'twoo	five dozens
72	shwak i'twani	six dozens
84	shwak i'twarfo	seven dozens
96	shwak i'naarang	eight dozens
108	shwak i'mbwan-kop	nine dozens
144/infinity	sok-sok-gha	twelve dozens/uncountable

Akwụkwọ Nsọ

Ihe na-esonụ bụ akwụkwọ na akọwa okwu dị mkpirikpi site na ndepụta okwu Hyam nke Roger Blench.

Hyam	Bekee
bes	iwe ọkụ
bok	dọkịta, onye na-agwọ ọrịa
bongyeng	awọ
cheb	àkwá
chi	ọnwụ
úkwù	obi ike, obi ike
chirchi	ụtụtụ
choing	uhie uhie
chu	mkpụrụ obi, mmụọ
chuur	isi iyi mmiri
Chuwo	penis
chyen	onye ọbịa, onye ọ na-amaghị
nsị	omimi
dwai	ụwa, ọhịa
Jinger	lụọ di
dzam	nwa okorobịa
dzet	ọnwụnwa
dzo	ewu
dzom	enyí
dzut	Anwụrụ ọkụ, anwụrụ ọkụ
dzye	ike
fai	Eluigwe
Ogwe aka	iyi
fe	Ọnwa
fet	gbuo
Iwe	gbawara
fyen	okooko osisi
Nkọwa	onye ohi
fyet	Onye na-agba égbè
Obi ụtọ/Giaar	ebe(s)
gab	nkewa
gam gam	ọkwa
gan	n'elu
òtù ndị omempụ	meghere
gbyo	amoosu
gom	abụ
guguk	Akpụkpọ osisi
gwang	obosara
gyugyuthi	owuru
ham ham	na-eri, na-atụgharị
nwere	ọdịdị
Nwaanyị	mpi
hyong	egwu, egwu
jaki	Ịnyịnya ibu
jang	akwụkwọ osisi
jip	ifufe na-efe efe
jo/wejo	ugwu, ugwu
kab	nnukwu osimiri
kate	okporo ụzọ
kike/ke	nna
kikera	ndị nna nna
kom	ozu
kon	mma
iko	ihe nketa
kpoduma	nwamba
kpop	eze, onyeisi
kpyob	mushroom
kuko	nkụ ọkụ
kushat	mmụọ
kwai	nwanyị ndú agbụrụ
kyaam	na-akụzi
kyang	ugbo
kyar	nkume
Kyat'pyo	ịgba afa
mat	ọmụmụ
mek	afọ
mimyet	dina ala
mogbam	granaries
ego	ndị mmadụ
Mowe/anyị	ụmụaka
nwụrụ	hyena
myen	amamihe
na'hywes/ryat	onye amoosu
na'kyat'kpyo	Onye dibịa afa
nam	ahụ
nanaa	onye na-akpụ ihe
ndwak	enyi
net	onye
ngan	ilu
Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-eme	mmiri ozuzo
Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ dị n'oge ochie	iwe
nkuun	mmụọ ọjọọ
aha	Anyanwụ
ntato	onye na-achụ nta
N'oge a	ehi
nyam	anụ
nyo/monyo	nwunye nwa
nyang	akpị
gbara ọsọ	ọdọ mmiri, ọdọ mmiri
re	taa
ahịrị	ụnyaahụ
Ribi	ala, mba
rituk	abalị
na-eme mkpọtụ	ekele
ịgba ọsọ	uzuzu
ruth	ike ọgwụgwụ
ryetuk	mgbede
Saara	akụkọ, akụkọ
shabur	ọcha
sham	àmụ̀mà
Shang	mkpụrụ, ọka
shantan	ududo
shashat	chi ọbụbọ
shen	mmekọahụ, mmekọahụ
sheshit/sesit	ojii
shirshing	onyinyo
shisheng	ifufe
shozhi	nwanyị
shushuni	iku ume
shuu	icheku ọkụ, anwụrụ ọkụ
shwok	teta
shwom	onye ọka ikpe
sim	Ịhụnanya
bụrụ abụ	agwọ
swat	ịgba egwú
tamtori	onye ara
tirda	nwanne nwanyị
titaan	mmiri
tset	ike
tseyang	ọkụ ọkụ
tyeng	a na-etinye ya n'ọkụ
wegyo	nkịta
N'ihi ya, ọ bụ onye isi ala	nwanne nwoke
wop	Mmiri ozuzo
wok	nweta
yak	olu
yang	ọkụ
afọ ole na ole	Ebe nzukọ
Yaụ	atụrụ
ka ọ dị	kpakpando(s)
Yosir	ịgba mgba
zaam	ọchị
zang	ịgagharị
zaki	ọdụm
zhazhaku	urukurubụba
zheng	na-afụ ụfụfụ
zhi	nwunye
zhii	ọbara
zhir'nkum	nwanyị di ya nwụrụ
zho	nne
zhu	ọnụ ụlọ

Ihe Ndị Ọzọ aga agụ

• Blench (2008) Prospecting proto-Plateau. Ihe odide.
• Hayab, P. J. (2016). Basic Hyam Grammar with Ethnographic Notes. Abuja: Beltina Digital Press. 
• James, I. (1998). The Settler Phenomenon in the Middle Belt and the Problem of National Integration in Nigeria. Jos, Nigeria: Midland Press. ISBN 9783481169. 
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkọ banyere njirimara na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ọdịbendị ụwa na ederede abụ nke Ham nke Naịjirịa: nyocha nyocha okwu. PhD Dissertation e zigara na Mahadum Stellenbosch, Unpublished
• Kambai A̱ka̱u T. L. (2014). The Tyap-English Dictionary. Benin City: Divine Press. ISBN 978-978-0272-15-9. 

Ihe Njikọ mpuga

• Akụkọ banyere njirimara na echiche ụwa nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ederede abụ nke Ham nke Naịjirịa: Nnyocha okwu
• Roger Blench: Peeji Hyamic