Asụsụ Hyam
| Hyam Jabba | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Nigeria | |
| Region: | Kaduna State | |
| Total speakers: | 300,000 | |
| Language family: | Nnijer–Kongo Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Plateau Central ? Hyamic ? Hyam | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | jab | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
| obere ụdị nke | Asụsụ Benue-Congo  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | Naijiria |
| ụmụ amaala ka | Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria), Kaduna Steeti |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 6a Vigorous |
Hyam bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ dị mkpa na mpaghara nke asụsụ Plateau na Naịjirịa. Hyam nke Nok bụ olumba a ma ama (Blench 2008). N'ide sociolinguistics nke Hyam, Blench na-emeso Sait, na Dzar dị ka ụdị dị iche iche, ma kwuo na enwere ike ile Yat na Ankung anya dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, Hayab (2016) gosipụtara echiche dị iche iche na-arụ ụka na ọ bụ Ankung, asụsụ a na-akpọ Iduya, nke Hyam anaghị aghọta. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Hyam, nke ndị Ham nke Naịjirịa na-asụ, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka 'Jaba' na nyocha nke Philip Hayab, onye obodo ahụ na onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ dị iche iche nke mere nyocha miri emi n'asụsụ ahụ, kpughere na 'Jaba" nwere okwu Hausa ma bụrụ ihe mkparị ma kwesịkwa ịtụfu ya (John 2017).
Nkesa ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-ahụkarị ndị na-asụ asụsụ Hyam na Jaba, Kachia na Kagarko. A na-ahụkwa ha na Jema'a Local Government Areas nke ndịda Kaduna State na okpuru ọchịchị Keffi nke Nasarawa Steeti nke Naịjirịa.
Olu Mba Dị Iche Iche[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
James (1998) kewara olumba Hyam dịka obere ìgwè ndị a o debere n'okpuru Ham ma ọ bụ Northern Group nke uyoko Proto-Plateau Ethno-Linguistic:
- Ham Kpop (Jaban Kwoi)
- Ham Ngat Ham (Jaban Katari)
- Ham Shambang (Samban)
- Ham Duhyah (ma ọ bụ Idun) (Jaban Lungu)
- Ham Kworri (Chori)
- Ham Det (Faik/Kenyi)
- Ham Netkun/Netwho (Gbaham)
- Ham Nyakpah (ma ọ bụ Nyankpa) (Yeskwa)
- Ham Kong/Rhuini (Kamantan)
Dị ka Hayab siri kwuo (2016:5-11), Otú ọ dị, ndị Ham, ewezuga njem n'oge gara aga, isiokwu chọrọ ọmụmụ ihe siri ike, nwere ike ịsị na ha na-ekwu ihe ndị a:
- Hyam Taa Ham - 'Hyam gbasara na mpaghara Ham' gụnyere Nok, Ghikyaar, Kuscum, Har Dzyee, Shong, wdg.
- Kwyeny - otu ihe ahụ dị ka James's Hyam Kpop (asụ na Har Kwain ma ọ bụ Kwoi)
- Kyoli - olumba nke Kworri/Kwori (nke a makwaara dị ka Chori)
- Saik
- Shamang - otu ihe ahụ dị ka Shambang
Hayab (2016:6) gbakwunyere na ụdị ndị ọzọ nwekwara ike ịgụnye:
- Duga/Idúyà - otu ihe ahụ dị ka Idun
- Gwora - Gora
- Yat
- Zhire - Kenyi.
Ọzọkwa, Hayab (2016:8) kewara olumba ndị a n'ụzọ anọ, A-D, dịka ọkwa nghọta ha si dị.
- Ìgwè A. Hyam Taa, Kwyeny, na Saik (ha niile enweghị ihe na-erughị 90% phonological homogeneity na okwu
- Ìgwè B. Kyoli na Shamang (nwere ihe dị ka 50% nghọta)
- Ìgwè C. Yat na Zhire (ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe kwekọrọ na A na B. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị oke mkpa)
- Ìgwè D. Idúyà [ma ọ bụ Idun ] na Gwora (guzo n'otu ụdị)
Rịba ama, ọzọ, na Hyam bụ asụsụ ndị Ham na-asụ.
Blench (2019) depụtara:[1]
- Kwyeny
- Yaat
- Saik
- Eze
- Hyam nke Nok
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Kọmitii na agụ ma na ide nke Hyam na-akọwa akara 41/42 ndị na-esonụ na orthography ya.
- a̱ b c d dz e e̱ f g gb gh h hw hyw i̱ j k kh kp l m n ng ny o p r s sh t th th th th ts u v w y yw z zh
Ụdaume (Vawel)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ụdaolu
Ụdaume mkpirikpi (Vawella̱ Sha̱kuup)
- a a̱ e e̱ i i̱ ọ u
Ụdaume Ogologo (Vawella̱ Sha̱ceri)
ee ee ii oo uu
- Ụdamkpị (Khwikhwir Vawel)
- ai au a̱u ou
Mgbochiume (Konsonan)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- b c d dh dz f g gy gb gh ghy h hw road hyw j k ky kh khy kp l m n nh ng ny p r s sh t th th th th ts v w y yw z zh
Ọnụ ọgụgụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Hayab (2016:66) na-ekwu na "ihe ọmụma dị na Hyam site na Koelle (1854: appendix, 2-188) na Meek (1931:120) kpughere na asọmpi Ham n'ụzọ dị iche na ihe a na-enweta taa". Ọ gbakwunyere na o doro anya na a gbanwere usoro ịgụta ihe ochie na ụdị Hausa, ma kwuo ọzọ na "n'oge a, ụdị ochie nwere iri (nke bụ kop) ugbu a dị ka 'shwak'. Akụkụ ikpe bụ kop (iri) na-egosi na ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu na-ahụ ihe akaebe na ' mbwan shwak ' (11) na-egosi ete anyị nọ n'ebe dị anya site na shwak (iri na abụọ). O kwukwara na "nke a bụ n'ihi na okwu ' mbwan' na-egosi bwat - obere ma ọ bụ 'fọdụrụ'.
Enwere ike ikwu na ihe dị n'elu bụ eziokwu, ma-atụle ikpe nke Tyap, asụsụ yiri ya, ebe okwu dị ugbu a maka iri bụ maka maka maka, ebe okwu "kop /kwop" fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị, dịka ọ dị na Hyam, ma jiri ya gụọ ọtụtụ puku. Okwu "otu puku" na Tyap bụ cyi kop/kwop, nke pụtara (na-atụle ojiji ochie nke okwu kop/kwup), "otu narị - ugboro iri" ma ọ bụ "100 X 10".
Ihe ndị a, dị ka Hayab si kwuo (2016:66-67) bụ nọmba e ji mee ihe ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 200 gara aga maka ịgụta na Hyam.
| Hyam | English | |
| 0 | npiit | zero/nothing |
| 1 | zhinni | one |
| 2 | feli | two |
| 3 | taat | three |
| 4 | naang | four |
| 5 | twoo | five |
| 6 | twani | six |
| 7 | twarfo | seven |
| 8 | naarang | eight |
| 9 | mbwan-kop | nine |
| 10 | kop | ten |
| 11 | mbwan-shwak | eleven |
| 12 | shwak | twelve/dozen/complete |
| 24 | shwak i'feri | two dozens |
| 36 | shwak i'tat | three dozens |
| 48 | shwak i'nang | four dozens |
| 60 | shwak i'twoo | five dozens |
| 72 | shwak i'twani | six dozens |
| 84 | shwak i'twarfo | seven dozens |
| 96 | shwak i'naarang | eight dozens |
| 108 | shwak i'mbwan-kop | nine dozens |
| 144/infinity | sok-sok-gha | twelve dozens/uncountable |
Akwụkwọ Nsọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe na-esonụ bụ akwụkwọ na akọwa okwu dị mkpirikpi site na ndepụta okwu Hyam nke Roger Blench.[2]
| Hyam | Bekee |
| bes | iwe ọkụ |
| bok | dọkịta, onye na-agwọ ọrịa |
| bongyeng | awọ |
| cheb | àkwá |
| chi | ọnwụ |
| úkwù | obi ike, obi ike |
| chirchi | ụtụtụ |
| choing | uhie uhie |
| chu | mkpụrụ obi, mmụọ |
| chuur | isi iyi mmiri |
| Chuwo | penis |
| chyen | onye ọbịa, onye ọ na-amaghị |
| nsị | omimi |
| dwai | ụwa, ọhịa |
| Jinger | lụọ di |
| dzam | nwa okorobịa |
| dzet | ọnwụnwa |
| dzo | ewu |
| dzom | enyí |
| dzut | Anwụrụ ọkụ, anwụrụ ọkụ |
| dzye | ike |
| fai | Eluigwe |
| Ogwe aka | iyi |
| fe | Ọnwa |
| fet | gbuo |
| Iwe | gbawara |
| fyen | okooko osisi |
| Nkọwa | onye ohi |
| fyet | Onye na-agba égbè |
| Obi ụtọ/Giaar | ebe(s) |
| gab | nkewa |
| gam gam | ọkwa |
| gan | n'elu |
| òtù ndị omempụ | meghere |
| gbyo | amoosu |
| gom | abụ |
| guguk | Akpụkpọ osisi |
| gwang | obosara |
| gyugyuthi | owuru |
| ham ham | na-eri, na-atụgharị |
| nwere | ọdịdị |
| Nwaanyị | mpi |
| hyong | egwu, egwu |
| jaki | Ịnyịnya ibu |
| jang | akwụkwọ osisi |
| jip | ifufe na-efe efe |
| jo/wejo | ugwu, ugwu |
| kab | nnukwu osimiri |
| kate | okporo ụzọ |
| kike/ke | nna |
| kikera | ndị nna nna |
| kom | ozu |
| kon | mma |
| iko | ihe nketa |
| kpoduma | nwamba |
| kpop | eze, onyeisi |
| kpyob | mushroom |
| kuko | nkụ ọkụ |
| kushat | mmụọ |
| kwai | nwanyị ndú agbụrụ |
| kyaam | na-akụzi |
| kyang | ugbo |
| kyar | nkume |
| Kyat'pyo | ịgba afa |
| mat | ọmụmụ |
| mek | afọ |
| mimyet | dina ala |
| mogbam | granaries |
| ego | ndị mmadụ |
| Mowe/anyị | ụmụaka |
| nwụrụ | hyena |
| myen | amamihe |
| na'hywes/ryat | onye amoosu |
| na'kyat'kpyo | Onye dibịa afa |
| nam | ahụ |
| nanaa | onye na-akpụ ihe |
| ndwak | enyi |
| net | onye |
| ngan | ilu |
| Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-eme | mmiri ozuzo |
| Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ dị n'oge ochie | iwe |
| nkuun | mmụọ ọjọọ |
| aha | Anyanwụ |
| ntato | onye na-achụ nta |
| N'oge a | ehi |
| nyam | anụ |
| nyo/monyo | nwunye nwa |
| nyang | akpị |
| gbara ọsọ | ọdọ mmiri, ọdọ mmiri |
| re | taa |
| ahịrị | ụnyaahụ |
| Ribi | ala, mba |
| rituk | abalị |
| na-eme mkpọtụ | ekele |
| ịgba ọsọ | uzuzu |
| ruth | ike ọgwụgwụ |
| ryetuk | mgbede |
| Saara | akụkọ, akụkọ |
| shabur | ọcha |
| sham | àmụ̀mà |
| Shang | mkpụrụ, ọka |
| shantan | ududo |
| shashat | chi ọbụbọ |
| shen | mmekọahụ, mmekọahụ |
| sheshit/sesit | ojii |
| shirshing | onyinyo |
| shisheng | ifufe |
| shozhi | nwanyị |
| shushuni | iku ume |
| shuu | icheku ọkụ, anwụrụ ọkụ |
| shwok | teta |
| shwom | onye ọka ikpe |
| sim | Ịhụnanya |
| bụrụ abụ | agwọ |
| swat | ịgba egwú |
| tamtori | onye ara |
| tirda | nwanne nwanyị |
| titaan | mmiri |
| tset | ike |
| tseyang | ọkụ ọkụ |
| tyeng | a na-etinye ya n'ọkụ |
| wegyo | nkịta |
| N'ihi ya, ọ bụ onye isi ala | nwanne nwoke |
| wop | Mmiri ozuzo |
| wok | nweta |
| yak | olu |
| yang | ọkụ |
| afọ ole na ole | Ebe nzukọ |
| Yaụ | atụrụ |
| ka ọ dị | kpakpando(s) |
| Yosir | ịgba mgba |
| zaam | ọchị |
| zang | ịgagharị |
| zaki | ọdụm |
| zhazhaku | urukurubụba |
| zheng | na-afụ ụfụfụ |
| zhi | nwunye |
| zhii | ọbara |
| zhir'nkum | nwanyị di ya nwụrụ |
| zho | nne |
| zhu | ọnụ ụlọ |
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Blench (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages, 4th, Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ↑ "Hyam Wordlist"
Ihe Ndị Ọzọ aga agụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Blench (2008) Prospecting proto-Plateau. Ihe odide.
- Hayab, P. J. (2016). Basic Hyam Grammar with Ethnographic Notes. Abuja: Beltina Digital Press.
- James, I. (1998). The Settler Phenomenon in the Middle Belt and the Problem of National Integration in Nigeria. Jos, Nigeria: Midland Press. ISBN 9783481169.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkọ banyere njirimara na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ọdịbendị ụwa na ederede abụ nke Ham nke Naịjirịa: nyocha nyocha okwu. PhD Dissertation e zigara na Mahadum Stellenbosch, Unpublished
- Kambai A̱ka̱u T. L. (2014). The Tyap-English Dictionary. Benin City: Divine Press. ISBN 978-978-0272-15-9.