Es'kia Mphahlele

Es'kia Mphahlele

Mmádu

ụdịekere	nwoke
mba o sị	South Africa
Aha enyere	Ezekiel
aha ezinụlọ ya	Mphahlele
aha pseudonym	Bruno Esekie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	17 Disemba 1919
Ebe ọmụmụ	Pretoria
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	27 Ọktoba 2008
Ebe ọ nwụrụ	Lebowakgomo
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka	Bekee
Ọrụ ọ na-arụ	Odee akwụkwọ, university teacher, Onye ntaakụkọ
onye were ọrụ	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mahadum nke Ibadan, University of Pennsylvania
ebe agụmakwụkwọ	University of Denver, University of South Africa, Adams College, St. Martin's School
Ihe nrite	honorary doctor of the University of Pennsylvania, honorary doctor of Rhodes University, honorary doctorate of the University of Cape Town, honorary doctor of the University of Pretoria
onu akụkọ ihe mere eme na	Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library

 

Es'kia Mphahlele (17 Disemba 1919 - 27 Ọktoba 2008) bụ onye edemede South Africa, onye nkuzi, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-eme ihe ike nke a na-eme emume dị ka Nna nke Humanism Africa na otu n'ime ndị guzobere akwụkwọ Africa nke oge a.

E nyere ya aha Ezekiel Mphahlele mgbe a mụrụ ya mana ọ gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Es'kia na 1977. Njem ya site n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'ime ogige ndị ogbenye nke Pretoria ruo n'ihe oyiyi nke akwụkwọ bụ njem ma n'ụzọ ọgụgụ isi ma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Dị ka onye edemede, o wetara ahụmịhe nke ya n'ime na n'èzí South Africa iji kwado akụkọ mkpirikpi ya, akụkọ ifo, akụkọ ndụ onwe onye na akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-emepe echiche nke African humanism. O ji nkà kpughee ahụmịhe ndị isi ojii n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na Down Second Avenue (1959). kọrọ banyere mbọ ọ na-agba iji nweta agụmakwụkwọ na ihe ndọghachi azụ ọ nwetara n'ọrụ nkuzi ya.

Mphahlele dere akụkọ ndụ onwe onye abụọ, ihe karịrị akụkọ mkpirikpi 30, egwuregwu amaokwu abụọ na ọtụtụ uri. na-ewere ya dị ka "Dean of African Letters".

Ọ bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye mba ụwa. N'afọ 1984, gọọmentị France nyere ya Order of the Palm maka enyemaka ya na French Language and Culture. Ọ bụ onye natara 1998 World Economic Forum Crystal Award maka Ọrụ Pụrụ Iche na Mmụta. N'afọ 1998, onye bụbu onye isi ala Nelson Mandela nyere Mphahlele Order of the Southern Cross, mgbe ahụ bụ nkwanye ùgwù kachasị elu nke Gọọmentị South Africa nyere (nke ya na Order of Mapungubwe taa).

Akụkọ ndụ

Ndụ ezinụlọ

A mụrụ Es'kia Mphahlele na Pretoria, na Union of South Africa, na 1919. Site na mgbe ọ dị afọ ise, ya na nne nne ya biri na Maupaneng Village, na GaMphahlele (Ugbu a na Lepelle-Nkumpi Municipality) Limpopo Province, ebe ọ na-azụ ehi na ewu. Nne ya, Eva, kpọọrọ ya na ụmụnne ya abụọ soro ya biri na Marabastad (2nd Avenue) mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ.

Ọ lụrụ Rebecca Nnana Mochedibane, onye a chụpụrụ ezinụlọ ya na Vrededorp, na 1945 (otu afọ ahụ nne ya nwụrụ). Onye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze ruru eru nwere diplọma site na Jan Hofmeyer School, na Johannesburg, ya na Mphahlele ga-enwe ụmụ ise. Mgbe ọ gara mba ọzọ site na South Africa, ọ hapụrụ ezinụlọ ya niile, ma e wezụga nwunye ya na ụmụ ya, na-aga ọtụtụ afọ n'ahụghị ha. Mgbe ọ nọ na Naijiria, ọ nwara iji paspọtụ Britain mee ihe tupu nnwere onwe Naijiria. O tinyere akwụkwọ maka visa site na onye nnọchi anya na Nairobi, iji gaa leta nwanne ya nwoke nke obere bụ Bassie (Solomon) onye na-arịa ọrịa kansa akpịrị, mana a jụrụ akwụkwọ ya.

Rebecca Nnana Mochedibane (Mphahlele)

A mụrụ Rebecca na Sophiatown. O bu ụzọ ruo eruo dị ka onye nkuzi tupu ọ gaa na diplọma ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ chetara izute Zeke, ma nwee mmasị dị ukwuu n'ebe ọ nọ: "Ụmụ okorobịa ndị ọzọ abụghị ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na enweghị m ike ịmekọrịta ha. Ha enweghị ike ịmekọta ụwa dị n'èzí site na akwụkwọ. " Di na nwunye ahụ zutere mgbe Mphahlele na-arụ ọrụ na Blind Institute, na Roodepoort. Otu ìgwè ụmụ akwụkwọ nkụzi bịara ileta ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ebe ha na-agụrụ ndị agadi akwụkwọ. Es'kia nwere mmasị ma rịọ ka ọ gaa leta Rebecca n'obodo ya n'oge ezumike. Ọ bụ afọ ikpeazụ Rebecca na kọleji ọzụzụ. Di na nwunye ahụ kpebiri na 29 August 1945 dị ka ụbọchị agbamakwụkwọ ha. Nne Mphahlele dara ọrịa, ma nwụọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 45, obere oge tupu di na nwunye ahụ alụọ.

"N'akụkụ ya, Rebecca, mgbe niile na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ụmụaka, na-adị ndụ site na ọgụgụ isi nke ya na ikike ya, site na àgwà ya. Ọ na-enwe ike ịbanye n'ime obodo ọhụrụ, mee ka ndị mmadụ mara ihe ọ chọrọ, gwa ha n'ihu ọha ihe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ọ na-adịghị eme, n'enweghị ma ọ bụ onye na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ na-akwado ya. " - Es'kia Mphahlele.

Na Kenya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na U.N. Freedom From Hunger Campaign, na-ahụ maka mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ha.

Ọ gụrụ maka MA ya na Social Work na Mahadum Denver.

Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, Mphahlele malitere ịga akwụkwọ mgbe niile ma debanye aha na St Peters Secondary School, na Rosettenville (Johannesburg). Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị site na ọmụmụ onwe onye. Nke ahụ ghọrọ usoro mmụta ya ruo mgbe ọ ruru eru PhD. O nwetara First-Class Pass (Junior Certificate). Ọ natara asambodo Joint Matriculation Board na Mahadum nke South Africa na 1943. Mgbe ọ na-akụzi na Orlando High School, Mphahlele nwetara B.A. ya na 1949 na Mahadum nke South Africa, na-agụ akwụkwọ na Bekee, Psychology na African Administration. N'afọ 1955, ọ natara nzere nsọpụrụ ya na Bekee n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ịgbà ọ na-arụ ọrụ na magazin Drum, Mphahlele mere akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'ịghọ onye mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na MA na UNISA, na 1957. Isiokwu edemede ya bụ "The Non-European Character in South African English Fiction".

Site na 1966 ruo 1968, n'okpuru nkwado nke Farfield Foundation, Mphahlele ghọrọ onye nkuzi na Ngalaba Bekee na Mahadum Denver, Colorado, ebe ọ nwetara PhD ya na Creative Writing. N'ọnọdụ edemede, o dere akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ The Wanderers . E mechara nye ya ihe nrite mbụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka kachasị mma (1968-69) site na magazin African Arts na Mahadum California, Los Angeles.

Afọ	iru eru	Ụlọ ọrụ	Nsọpụrụ
1968	PhD., Ihe odide Okike	Mahadum Denver, Colorado	Onyinye Mbụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka kachasị mma site na 1968 ruo 1969 site na magazin African Arts, Mahadum California, Los Angeles
1957	M.A. Bekee (nke dị iche). Thesis: "Onye na-abụghị onye Europe na akụkọ ifo Bekee nke South Africa"	Mahadum nke South Africa (UNISA)	Onye mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na M.A. English na ọdịiche na UNISA
1955	B.A. (Nsọpụrụ)	UNISA
1949	B.A., majoring na Bekee, Psychology na African Administration	UNISA
1943	Akwụkwọ asambodo nke Joint Matriculation Board	UNISA
1940	asambodo onye nkuzi	Adams College, Natal

Dị ka onye nkuzi

Mphahlele nwetara asambodo onye nkuzi ya na Adams College n'afọ 1940. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Ezenzeleni Blind Institute dị ka onye nkuzi na onye na-ede akwụkwọ mkpirikpi site na 1941 ruo 1945. Ya na nwunye ya kwagara ezinụlọ ha na Orlando East, nso ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Orlando nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, na Soweto ka ọ sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na 1945 dị ka onye nkuzi Bekee na Afrikaans. N'ebe ahụ, ya na ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi na-eto eto si Fort Hare, ọ malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike na Transvaal African Teachers' Association (TATA). 1949 Eislen Commission on Native Education, nke Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd, onye a họpụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na National Party's Minister of Native Affairs, tụrụ aro usoro agụmakwụkwọ ọhụrụ maka ndị Afrịka. TATA, ya na òtù ndị nkuzi ndị ọzọ nọ na Cape, Free State na Natal, malitere imegide ya. 'ihi òkè ọ na-ekere na ọgba aghara ahụ, na Disemba 1952, a chụpụrụ Mphahlele, Isaac Matlare na Zephania Mothopeng n'ọkwa ha. Mphahlele mere ngagharị iwe megide iwebata agụmakwụkwọ Bantu mere ka a kwụsị ọrụ nkuzi ya.

Gọọmentị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ machibidoro ya izi ihe n'ebe ọ bụla na South Africa. Ọ hapụrụ South Africa wee gaa mba ọzọ. Ebe mbụ ọ kwụsịrị bụ Naijiria, ebe ọ kụziri na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ruo ọnwa iri na ise, mgbe ahụ na Mahadum Ibadan, na mmemme mgbatị ha. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na CMS Grammar School, na Lagos. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Ngalaba nke Ọmụmụ Ihe Mgbidi na Mahadum Ibadan, na-aga mpaghara dị iche iche dịpụrụ adịpụ iji kụziere ndị okenye. Mgbe ọ nọ na Paris, ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi nleta na Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ọ kụzikwaara na Sweden, France, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Senegal na Nigeria. Mphahlele kwenyere agụmakwụkwọ ọzọ nwere ike idozi ụzọ maka usoro agụmakwụkwọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke mmadụ maka mmadụ niile.

Ndụ n'ebe a chụgara ya

Naịjirịa (1957-61)

Mphahlele nọrọ afọ iri abụọ n'ebe a chụgara ya, nke ya na ezinụlọ ya nọrọ afọ anọ na Naịjirịa. O dere, sị: "Ọ bụ ahụmahụ na-amị mkpụrụ. Ndị Naijiria nwere mmesapụ aka. Ọnọdụ nke ịbụ onye si n'èzí abụghị ihe na-ebu ibu. Enwere m oge ide ma tinye aka na nka. "Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ndị kacha mma na Naijiria; onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-agụ uri na onye na-edekọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Wole Soyinka; ndị na-ede uri Gabriel Okara na Mabel Segun; onye na na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Amos Tutuola; onye na'ese ihe osise Ben Enwonwu; na ndị na-ese ihe osisi Demas Nwoko na Uche Okeke, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Nleta ya na Ghana ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị ka njem ọ bụla na-agbakwunye ndị edemede na ndepụta ya nke netwọk na ndị ọrụ ibe ya. Mahadum nke Ghana ga-akpọ ya ka ọ duzie ọmụmụ ihe ndị edemede na-abụghị nke obodo. Ọ bụ ebe ahụ ka ọ zutere Kofi Awoonor (nke bụ George Awoonor Williams n'oge ahụ), onye na-ede egwuregwu Efua Sutherland, onye na-agụ egwú Frank Kobina Parkes, onye na'agụ egwú Prọfesọ Kwabena Nketia, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Dr J. B. Danquah, onye na na-ede uri G. Adali-Mortty na onye na-ese ihe Vincent Kofi.

Mphahlele gara Nzukọ Ndị Afrịka Nile nke mbụ nke Kwame Nkrumah haziri na Accra, Ghana, na Disemba 1958. "Ghana bụ naanị mba Afrịka a tọhapụrụ site na ọchịchị ndị Europe nke kpochapụrụ kọntinent ahụ na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Ọtụtụ n'ime mba ndị nọchitere anya na Accra ka bụ ndị na-achị achị. " Mphahlele na-echeta nzukọ ya na onye nwụrụ anwụ Patrick Duncan na Jọdan Ngubane, ndị na-anọchite anya echiche nnwere onwe South Africa. Ọ bụ na nnọkọ a ka Mphahlele zutere Kenneth Kaunda, ma gee Frantz Fanon ntị ka ọ na-ekwu okwu na-akpali akpali megide ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị. Rebecca, nwunye ya, laghachiri South Africa na ngwụcha afọ 1959, iji mụọ nwa ikpeazụ ha, Chabi. Ha laghachiri na Febụwarị 1960. Ha nọ na Naijiria mgbe ha nụrụ banyere ogbugbu Sharpeville. Mphahlele kwuru, sị: "Ee, Naịjirịa na Ghana nyere m Afrika. Anyị ka mere emume nnwere onwe Ghana, ma nọrọ afọ atọ site na Naịjirịja. "

France (1961-63)

Mphahlele kwagara ezinụlọ ya na France n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1961, njem nke abụọ ha. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye nduzi nke mmemme Afrịka nke Congress for Cultural Freedom wee gaa Paris. Ha biri na Boulevard du Montparnasse, na St. Michel, blocks ole na ole site na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Le Select na La Coupole. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ụlọ ha ga-aghọ ụdị ụzọ maka ndị edemede na ndị na-ese ihe: onye na-ese egwu Etiopia bụ Skunder Boghossian; Wole Soyinka; onye na-ede uri Gambia bụ Lenrie Peters; onye na'ede uri South Africa nọ na mba ọzọ bụ Mazisi Kunene; onye na na-ede egwu Ghana na enyi ya ọ hụrụ n'anya bụ J. P. Clark; na Gerard Sekoto. Ọ bụ n'oge ọ nọ na France mgbe Ulli Beier na ndị edemede Naijiria ndị ọzọ kpọrọ Mphahlele ka ha nyere aka guzobe Mbari Writers and Artists Club na Ibadan. Ha nwetara ego site na Merrill Foundation na New York iji kwado Mbari Publications, ọrụ klọb ahụ mere. Ọrụ nke Wole Soyinka, Lenrie Peters na ndị ọzọ bụ nke Mbari Publishers bipụtara tupu ọ chọta ụzọ ọ ga-esi gaa n'ụlọ azụmahịa. Ọ dezigharịrị ma nye aka na Black Orpheus, akwụkwọ akụkọ Ibadan. Ọ gara ma rụọ ọrụ na nnukwu obodo Afrịka gụnyere Kampala, Brazzaville, Yaoundé, Accra, Abidjan, Freetown na Dakar. Ọ gakwara nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe metụtara ọrụ na Sweden, Denmark, Finland, West Germany, Italy, na US.

Mphahlele gara n'ihu guzobe Ụlọ Ọrụ Mbari na Enugu, Naijiria, n'okpuru nduzi nke John Enekwe. N'afọ 1962, na Mahadum Makerere, na Kampala, Uganda, ha haziri Nzukọ Ndị edemede Africa mbụ, nke ndị South Africa ibe ya bụ Bob Leshoai, onye na-eme njem, na Neville Rubin, onye na'edezi akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na South Africa. A haziri nzukọ abụọ, otu na Dakar na nke ọzọ na Freetown na 1963. Ebumnuche ha bụ itinye n'ime arụmụka ihu na ihu ọnọdụ akwụkwọ Africa na usoro mmụta mahadum. Ha chọrọ ị nweta nkwado maka itinye akwụkwọ Afrịka dị ka ebe dị mkpa maka ọmụmụ na mahadum, ebe a na-ebugharị ya na ngalaba na ụlọ ọrụ nke African Studies. Mphahlele mere atụmatụ ịnọ na Paris naanị afọ abụọ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ ga-alaghachi na nkuzi. Ahụmahụ ndị ahụ mere ka ọ chọsie ike maka klas ọzọ.

Kenya (1963-66)

John Hunt, onye isi nchịkwa nke Congress for Cultural Freedom tụrụ aro ka Mphahlele guzobe ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Mbari nke Naijiria na Nairobi. Mphahlele rutere Nairobi n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1963, e mekwara ka Kenya nwee nnwere onwe. Ka ọ na-erule oge Rebecca na ụmụaka ahụ rutere, ọ zụtalarị ụlọ. Tupu nke ahụ, Elimo Njau, onye na-ese ihe na Tanzania, biri na ya. Njau tụrụ aro aha onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị na ya - Chemchemi, Kiswahili maka "isi iyi". N'ime ọnwa ole na ole, ha agbanweela ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ka ọ bụrụ ọfịs, obere ụlọ nzukọ maka ihe nkiri nnwale na egwu egwu, na ụlọ ngosi nka. Njau na-elekọta ụlọ ngosi nka na afọ ofufo. O guzobere ihe ngosi nke ndị omenkà Ugandan Kyeyune na Msango, na ọrụ nke ya. "Mkpụrụ obi m nọ n'ọrụ ahụ. Abụ m onye na-ahụ maka ide ihe na ihe nkiri" (Mphahlele, Africa My Music).

Ndị sonyere na ha sitere n'obodo na ebe ndị bụ ihe nketa nke ndị ọchịchị. Mphahlele ga-aga na mpaghara ndị dị n'èzí iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị edemede na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị kpọrọ ya, ya na ndị otu ihe nkiri nke etiti ahụ. E jidere njem ha nke ọma na Busara, nke Ngugi wa Thiong'o na Zuka dezigharịrị, nke Kariara dezigharị. Mgbe Alliance High School for Girls (nke dị na mpụga Nairobi) gwara ya ka o dee egwuregwu maka emume ihe nkiri ya kwa afọ, n'ọnọdụ Shakespeare Mphahlele gbanwere Grace Ogot's "The Rain Came", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, ma kpọọ ya Oganda's Journey. "Ihe kachasị mma n'egwuregwu ahụ bụ iji okwu egwu ọdịnala sitere n'agbụrụ dị iche iche na Kenya. Ihe kachasị ọhụrụ, nke jiri ọdịdị nwa agbọghọ ahụ na-enweghị nkuzi mee ihe, "ka o kwuru. Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ afọ abụọ, ọ chere na o mere ihe ọ bịara, dịka o gosipụtara tupu ọ were ọrụ ahụ na ọ gaghị anọ ihe karịrị afọ abụọ. Ọ jụrụ ọrụ nkuzi na Mahadum College of Nairobi. Ha nwere ike inye ya nkwekọrịta otu afọ, nke ọ na-enweghị ike iwere.

Colorado, US (1966-74)

Na Mee 1966 Mphahlele kwagara ezinụlọ ya na Colorado, ebe ọ na-esonyere Ngalaba Bekee nke Mahadum Denver. Mahadum nyere Mphahlele ohere agụmakwụkwọ maka ọrụ ọmụmụ ọ ga-eme tupu a nabata ya maka edemede PhD. Ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ maka Akwụkwọ Afrika na Freshman Composition n'onwe ya.

Dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye na-akọ akụkọ mkpirikpi

Ọ bụ n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ka ọ malitere ịgba akwụkwọ n'ebe niile maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ka ọ gụọ. Ọ chetara mgbe niile na-achọ akwụkwọ ọ bụla ochie iji gụọ. Ọ gara n'ihu cheta obere ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nwere otu ọnụ ụlọ nke obodo ahụ kpọrọ "ọnụ ụlọ ọgụgụ", na nsọtụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Marbastad. Ọ chetara na e jupụtara ya na akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ mebiri emebi, nke ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na-enweghị ike ọgwụgwụ na-atụfu. O gwuru Don Quixote nke Miguel de Cervantes, wee gafee n'ime oghere ahụ dum dị ka ahịhịa, na-enwe obi ụtọ site na mmetụta nke nchọpụta, ịmata okwu e biri ebi na site na naanị omume nke nkà ịgụ ihe. Cervantes pụtara ìhè n'uche ya, ọ bụ ezie na ihe nkiri ndị na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke afọ 1930 gbakwara ya n'uche. Ọ nwere mmasị na njikọta nke Cervantes' Don Quixote na Sancho Panza tinyere Laurel na Hardy na Buster Keaton. Mphahlele ga-agụ ndị enyi ya n'olu dara ụda n'okpuru okwu ndị ahụ na-enweghị ike ịgụ nke ọma, n'etiti mkpu na ụkwụ na-eti mkpu na oche na-awụli elu na-aga n'ihu.

Mbipụta nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya nke afọ 1959 bụ Down Second Avenue dọtara mmasị zuru ụwa ọnụ na Mphahlele dị ka onye edemede, ma lekwasị anya n'ihe dị ike na South Africa ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na mmegbu agbụrụ ka ukwuu na ikewapụ ụwa ka ukwuu. Ugbu a, akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị Afrịka, Down Second Avenue nwere mbipụta na-aga nke ọma na Bekee, French, German, Russian, Dutch na Japanese, na-egosipụta mmetụta na ewu ewu nke akwụkwọ ahụ na mba ụwa. akụkọ nke abụọ nke Mphahlele, The Wanderers, bụ akụkọ na-akọ ahụmahụ nke ndị a chụgara n'Africa.

Dị ka akụkụ nke thesis Master ya, na 1962 o bipụtara The African Image, nke na-enye echiche akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akwụkwọ South Africa. 'afọ 1967, o dezigharịrị akwụkwọ African Writing Today, nke Penguin bipụtara. N'oge PhD ya, o mepụtara The Wanderers, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke a chụgara n'ala ọzọ nke e nyere dị ka edemede maka PhD ya na edemede okike. Down Second Avenue na-eme nke ọma nke na a sụgharịrị ya n'asụsụ French na German na 1964. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1978, Minista Ikpe Ziri Ezi wepụrụ aha Mphahlele na ndepụta nke ndị edemede nwere ike ịkọwapụta, na ndị ọrụ ha nwere ike ọ gaghị agbasa na mba ahụ. Naanị Down Second Avenue, Voices in the Whirlwind na Modern African Stories, nke ya na ya so dezie, nwere ike ịgụ na mba ahụ. A machibidoro akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ iwu.

N'afọ 1979, ọ sonyeere Mahadum nke Witwatersrand (Mahadum Witts) dị ka onye isi nchọpụta na African Studies Institute. O guzobere Council for Black Education and Research, ọrụ kwụụrụ onwe ya maka agụmakwụkwọ ọzọ metụtara ndị na-eto eto. guzobere ngalaba nke akwụkwọ edemede Africa na Mahadum Wits na 1983, ihe omume dị mkpa na mmepe nke nkuzi akwụkwọ na South Africa n'oge ahụ. Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ ojii mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. E nyere ya ikike ịsọpụrụ oku sitere na Institute for Study of English in Africa na Mahadum Rhodes. Ọ bụ mkpakọrịta nyocha ọnwa abụọ ebe a nabatara aro ya nke ịmecha akwụkwọ ncheta ya Afrika My Music, nke ọ malitere na Philadelphia.

Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Mahadum Wits na 1987, a họpụtara Mphahlele dị ka onye isi oche nke ndị nduzi na Funda Centre for Community Education. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eleta mahadum ndị ọzọ dị ka prọfesọ nleta na-akụzi ihe odide Afrịka. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa abụọ na Mahadum Harvard's Graduate School of Education na-akụzi usoro agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na South Africa. Site njedebe nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ọ pụtara dị ka onye na-akwado mkpa ọ dị ịzụlite nka iji nye ọdịbendị nke mmegbu na mmegbu na-emetụta. A na-akpọ ụlọ ọrụ Es'kia aha ya, na-asọpụrụ ndụ ya, nkuzi na nkà ihe ọmụma. ka na-eme emume nloghachi ya n'ụlọ na onyinye ya maka mmepe nke mba ahụ na mmepe akwụkwọ nke kọntinent ahụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, na ụfọdụ obodo na-ahọrọ ịkpọ aha okporo ámá ndị dị mkpa n'aha ya.